Dalgalara Terk Edilenler: Ege Denizi'ndeki Geri İtmelerin Tehlikeli Gerçeği

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 68 - 87, 30.06.2025

Jafar Pouya

https://doi.org/10.70045/mejrs.1685985

Abstract

Son yıllarda Ege Denizi, Kuzey Afrika, Orta Doğu ve Güney Asya'dan gelen göçmenler ve
sığınmacılar için en ölümcül deniz rotası haline gelmiştir. 14 Haziran 2023'te Akdeniz'de 750
göçmen taşıyan bir geminin batması ve Yunanistan kıyılarında 80 kişinin ölümü, 100 kişinin
kurtarılması ve 500 kişinin kaybolması, Akdeniz göç rotasının trajedisinin boyutlarını ve geri itme
uygulamalarının vahametini gözler önüne sermiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, göçmenler ve
sığınmacılar için en tehlikeli deniz yolu olan Ege Denizi'ndeki geri itme uygulamalarını
incelemektir. Ayrıca, bu çalışma, Akdeniz'deki ölümlerin artmasına katkıda bulunan geri itme
pratiklerini de ele alacaktır. Geri itmelerin, 2015 göç krizinin ardından sistematik olarak
uygulanmaya başladığı ve kitlesel göç hareketlerine kasıtlı bir yanıt olarak hayata geçirildiği
kanıtlanmaktadır.
Geri itmeler, mültecilerin ve göçmenlerin ülke topraklarını terk etmeye zorlanmasını ve yasal
prosedürlere erişimlerinin engellenmesini içeren çeşitli devlet uygulamalarından oluşmaktadır.
Bazı durumlarda, Yunan Sahil Güvenliği ve Frontex tarafından göçmenler, AB karasularından
uluslararası denizlere zorla geri gönderilmekte ve deniz ortasında güvenliksiz bir şekilde terk
edilmektedir. Bu uygulamalar, uluslararası göç hukuku ve Avrupa göç politikalarına aykırı olarak
kabul edilmektedir.
Türkiye, tarihsel olarak göçmenler için köken, transit ve hedef ülke konumundadır. Aynı zamanda,
göçmenler ve sığınmacılar, Ege Denizi üzerinden Yunanistan ve İtalya'ya ulaşmak için Türkiye'yi bir transit ülke olarak kullanmaktadır.

Keywords

Geri itme , göçmen ve mülteci , Ege Denizi , Yunanistan.

Left to the Waves: The Perilous Reality of Migrant Pushbacks at Mediterranean Sea

Abstract

In recent years, the Aegean Sea has become the deadliest sea route for migrants and asylum
seekers from North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. A ship capsized with 750 migrants on
June 14, 2023 in the Mediterranean Sea and sinking off the coast of Greece with 80 dead, 100
rescued and 500 missing showed the depth of tragedy of Mediterranean Sea route for migrants
and pushbaks practice. The aim of this article is to investigate Pushbacks practice ın the Aegean
Sea which is the deadliest sea route for the mıgrants and asylum seekers. This article will also
examine the practice of pushbacks, which has contributed to an increase in deaths in the
Mediterranean. Pushbacks appear to have begun after the 2015 migration crisis, and evidence
confirms that pushbacks were implemented deliberately in response to mass migration.
Pushbacks include a variety of state measures aimed at forcing refugees and migrants to leave
their territory while denying access to applicable legal and procedural frameworks. In some cases
- migrants are forcibly returned from EU territorial waters to the open sea and leaving afloat in
the middle of Sea in a dangerous way by Greek Coast Guard and Frontex. Pushbacks are
considered unlawful under international migration law and European migration policies.
Türkiye has historically been a country of origin, transit and destination for migrants. At the same
time migrants and asylum seekers consider Türkiye as a transit country to reach Greece and Italy
via the Aegean Sea.

Keywords

Pushbacks , Aegean Sea , Greece. , migrant , refugee

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