ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF NOVEL S-ALKYLATED AND REDUCED SCHIFF BASE 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 212 - 227, 30.12.2025

Ergün Gültekin

https://doi.org/10.51477/mejs.1804747

Abstract

In this study, four new 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (5–8) were designed, synthesized, and structurally characterized through FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated against standard Gram-positive (S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. pyogenes ATCC 19615) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853), as well as the fungal strain C. albicans ATCC 10231, using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activities were assessed via ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical-scavenging assays. The results demonstrated that the synthesized compounds exhibited selective antimicrobial efficacy. Schiff base derivatives (5, 6) showed notable inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly S. aureus and S. Pyogenes, while Gram-negative strains displayed intrinsic resistance. Furthermore, compounds 5 and 6 also presented moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans. Antioxidant analyses revealed that compound 6 possessed remarkable reducing capacity (14.166 mg TE/g) and radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.227 mg/mL), outperforming the other derivatives. These findings suggest that structural modifications, particularly the introduction of heptylthio and Schiff base functionalities, play a decisive role in shaping biological activity. Among the tested molecules, compound 6 emerged as the most promising candidate, exhibiting a dual profile of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Collectively, this study highlights the potential of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as versatile scaffolds for the development of new therapeutic agents aimed at addressing infectious diseases and oxidative stress-related pathologies.

Keywords

1,2,4-Triazole , Schiff base , Secondary amine , Antimicrobial activity , antioxidant activity

Ethical Statement

The ethical committee or legal/special permission is not required for this article.

Supporting Institution

Artvin Coruh University Scientific Research Project Coordination

Project Number

2024.F65.02.03

Thanks

The authors are thankful for the laboratory support from Artvin Coruh University, Science-Technology Research and Application Center, Türkiye.

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