DETECTION OF SOME VIRULENCE GENES AND GENETIC VARIATIONS OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII

Abstract

The study involved the molecular investigation of virulence genes of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different sources using specific primers. Six genes were used for important virulence factors in this bacteria (omp A, plc N, csg A, las B, iut A, fyu A), partially investigated using PCR, results showed the presence of these genes as 100% and 52.6% and 63.1% and 21% and 21% respectively, while the gene fyu A was not found in any A. baumanni isolate. The study also involved genetic variation in the DNA of these isolates using a universal primer (ERIC2). The results showed that 12 genotypes among 20 isolates of A.baumannii bacteria were revealed.

Keywords

• acinetobacter baumannii
• virulence genes
• ERIC'
• genetic variation

References

1. [1] Chuang, Y.C., Sheng, W.H., Li, S.Y., Lin, Y.C., Wang, J.T., Chen, Y.C., “Influence of genospecies of Acinetobacter baumannii complex on clinical outcomes of patients with Acinetobacter bacteremia”, Clin Infect Dis, 52(3), 60-352, 2011.
2. [2] Vashist, J., Tiwari, V., Das, R., Kapil, A., & Rajeswari, M. R., Analysis of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The Indian journal of medical research, 133(3), 332, 2011.
3. [3] Al-Anazi, K. A., & Al-Jasser, A. M. (2014). Infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Frontiers in oncology, 4(1): 186.
4. [4] Darvishi, M. (2016). Virulence factor Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain isolated from various References 114 infection Recovered from immunsuppressive patients. Biomedical Pharmacology Journal, 9(3): 1057-10623.
5. [5] Dalla-Costa, L. M., Irino, K., Rodrigues, J., Rivera, I. N., & Trabulsi, L. R. (1998). Characterisation of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli clones by ribotyping and ERIC-PCR. Journal of medical microbiology, 47(3): 227-234. ‏ [6] Barbe, V., Vallenet, D., Fonknechten, N., Kreimeyer, A., Oztas, S., Labarre, L., & Ornston, L. N. (2004). Unique features revealed by the genome sequence of Acinetobacter sp. ADP1, a versatile and naturally transformation competent bacterium. Nucleic acids research, 32(19): 5766-5779.
6. [7] Ahmad, N. H., & Mohammad, G. A. (2019). Evaluation of Some Material to inhibit Biofilm Formed by Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 24(4), 19-24. ‏ [8] Li, P., Li, H., Lei, H., Liu, W., Zhao, X., Guo, L., & Bai, C. (2015). Rapid detection of Acinetobacter baumannii and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in two comprehensive hospitals of Beijing, China. Frontiers in microbiology, 6(1):950 -997.
7. [9] Ali, H. M., Salem, M. Z., El-Shikh, M. S., Megeed, A. A., Alogaibi, Y. A., & Talea, I. A. (2017). Investigation of the virulence factors and molecular characterization of the clonal relations of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Journal of AOAC International, 100(1): 152-158.
8. [10] Kareem, S. M., Al-Kadmy, I. M., Al-Kaabi, M. H., Aziz, S. N., & Ahmad, M. (2017). Acinetobacter baumannii virulence is enhanced by the combined presence of virulence factors genes phospholipase C (plcN) and elastase (lasB). Microbial pathogenesis, 110(1): 568-572.

9. [11] Mohajeri, P., Sharbati, S., Farahani, A., & Rezaei, Z. (2016). Evaluate the frequency distribution of nonadhesive virulence factors in carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical samples in Kermanshah. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine, 7(1): 58-64.
10. [12] Braun, G., & Vidotto, M. C. (2004). Evaluation of adherence, hemagglutination, and presence of genes codifying for virulence factors of Acinetobacter baumannii causing urinary tract infection. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 99(8): 839-844.
11. [13] Johnson JR, Stell AL (2000). Extended virulence genotypes of Escherichia coli strains from patients with urosepsis in relation to phylogenic and host compromise. Journal of Infected Disease. 181: 261-272.
12. [14] Zong, Z., Lü, X., Valenzuela, J. K., Partridge, S. R., & Iredell, J. (2008). An outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing OXA-23 carbapenemase in western China. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 31(1): 50-54.
13. [15] McConnell, M. J., Pérez-Ordóñez, A., Pérez-Romero, P., Valencia, R., Lepe, J. A., Vázquez-Barba, I., & Pachón, J. (2012). Quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of Acinetobacter baumannii colonization in the hospital environment. Journal of clinical microbiology, JCM-06566.
14. [16] Bandana, k., Jashandeep, k. and Jagdeep, k.(2018). Phospholipases in Bacterial Virulence and Pathogenesis. Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology, 10(5): 555798.
15. [17] Antunes, L., Visca, P., & Towner, K. J. (2014). Acinetobacter baumannii: evolution of a global pathogen. Pathogens and disease, 71(3): 292-301.
16. [18] Yu, H., He, X., Xie, W., Xiong, J., Sheng, H., Guo, S., & Zhang, K. (2014). Elastase LasB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa promotes biofilm formation partly through rhamnolipid-mediated regulation. Canadian journal of microbiology, 60(4): 227-235.
17. [19] Cathcart, G. R., Quinn, D., Greer, B., Harriott, P., Lynas, J. F., Gilmore, B. F., & Walker, B. (2011). Novel Inhibitors Of The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factor Pseudolysin/LasB: A Potential Therapeutic Approach For The Attenuation Of Virulence Mechanisms In Pseudomonal Infection. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy,55(6): 2670–2678.
18. [20] AL-Kadmy, I. M., Ali, A. N. M., Salman, I. M. A., & Khazaal, S. S. (2018). Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Iraqi hospital environment. New microbes and new infections,2(4): 21, 51-57.
19. [21] Momtaz, H., Seifati, S. M., & Tavakol, M. (2015). Determining the prevalence and detection of the most prevalent virulence genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospital infections. International Journal of Medical Laboratory, 2(2): 87-97.
20. [22] He, X., Lu, F., Yuan, F., Jiang, D., Zhao, P., Zhu, J., & Lu, G. (2015). Biofilm formation caused by clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is associated with over-expression of the AdeFGH efflux pump. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 4(1): 00877.
21. [23] Ferreira, A., Fuentefria, D., Barth, A., & Corção, G. (2012). Molecular characterization of clinical multiresistant isolates of Acinetobacter sp. from hospitals in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 44(6).
22. [24] Ece, G., Erac, B., Cetin, H. Y., Ece, C., & Baysak, A. (2015). Antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal relation between Acinetobacter baumannii strains at a Tertiary Care Center in Turkey. Jundishapur journal of microbiology, 8(2):3-15.
23. [25] Ahmed, R. Z. Tariq.(2017). Study the phenotype and genotype of some virulence factors of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different clinical samples. Thesis. College of Education for Pure Science/ Ibn Al- Haitham. Baghdad University. Page 99.
24. [26] Li, P., Li, H., Lei, H., Liu, W., Zhao, X., Guo, L., & Bai, C. (2016). Rapid detection of Acinetobacter baumannii and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in two comprehensive hospitals of Beijing, China. Frontiers in microbiology, 6(1):950 -997.
25. [27] Medina-Presentado, J. C., Seija, V., Vignoli, R., Pontet, J., Robino, L., Cordeiro, N. F., & Savio, E. (2013). Polyclonal endemicity of Acinetobacter baumannii in ventilated patients in an intensive care unit in Uruguay. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17(6): 422-427.
26. [28] Aljindan, R., Alsamman, K., & Elhadi, N. (2018). ERIC-PCR genotyping of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different clinical specimens. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 6(1), 13.
27. [29] Maleki, A.; Vandyousefi, J.; Mirzaie, Z.; Ghafourian, S.; Kazemian H. and Sadeghifard, N. (2016). Molecular Analysis of the isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Tehran Hospitals Using ERIC-PCR Method. Modern Medical of Laboratory, 1(1): 16-1.
28. [30] Hammoudi, D., Moubareck, C. A., Hakime, N., Houmani, M., Barakat, A., Najjar, Z., & Sarkis, D. K. (2015). Spread of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii co-expressing OXA-23 and GES-11 carbapenemases in Lebanon. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 36(1): 56-61.