MOLLUSCS: THEIR USAGE AS NUTRITION, MEDICINE, APHRODISIAC, COSMETIC, JEWELRY, COWRY, PEARL, ACCESSORY AND SO ON FROM THE HISTORY TO TODAY

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 45 - 51, 04.06.2018

İhsan Ekin Rıdvan Şeşen

https://doi.org/10.23884/mejs.2018.4.1.06

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Present study has evaluated the usage and
properties of the mollusc phylum from the history to today. Many types of
molluscs are eaten worldwide, either cooked or raw due to their rich
nutritional value. Furthermore, they are used as pearls, cowry and accessory
materials, for tools like household dishes, cooking pots and utensils such as
spoon, cutlery, scoops, spatulas, etc. Some of them are destructive and caused
ecological damage, some serve as intermediate hosts for human parasites; some
can cause damage to crops. Mollusc meat is known to be highly nutritious and
salutary owing to its high content of essential amino acids, proteins, fatty
acids, vitamins and minerals. In addition, some of the bioactive compounds
including antiviral, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antifungal, antihelminthic
and anticancer products are producing by molluscs. The largest edible snail is
African land snail Achatina achatina mostly consumed by African people.
Molluscs were very prominent dishes during the Roman Empire due to their
aphrodisiac effect. Some mollusc species include zinc and essential amino acids
which keeping up body energy and boost sex drive as aphrodisiac, arrange immune
system and makes bones stronger. Pearls are highly esteemed bivalve products
containing nacreous deposit composed of 82 - 86% calcium carbonate (aragonite
crystals), 10-14% organic substance conchiolin and 2-4% water. Cowry is a marine snail from genus Cypraea dwelling
on mostly in coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans
and used instead of money. Money cowry (Cypraea moneta), a 2.5cm yellow species, has served as currency in Africa. 

Keywords

Mollusc, Nutrition, Medicine, Cowry

References

• References
• [1] Murphy, B., Breeding and Growing Snails Commercially in Australia. RIRDC-Rural Industries Research Development Corpofeed, Kingston, 2001.
• [2] Jess, S., Marks, R. J. Effect of temperature and photoperiod on growth and reproduction of Helix aspersa var. maxima. Journal of Agricultural Science, (1998), 130, pp. 367-372.
• [3] Yıldırım, M. Z., Kebapçı, Ü. Slugs (Gasteropoda: Pulmonata) of the Lakes Region (Göller Bölgesi) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, (2004), 28, pp. 155-160.
• [4] Ekin, I., Başhan, M. Fatty acid composition of selected tissues of Unio elongatulus (Bourguignat, 1860) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) collected from Tigris River, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, (2010), 10, pp. 445-451.
• [5] Ekin, I., et al. Possible seasonal variation of the fatty acid composition from Melanopsis praemorsa (L., 1758) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia), from southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biology, (2011), 35, pp. 203-213.
• [6] Benkendorff, K. Molluscan biological and chemical diversity: Secondary metabolites and medicinal resources produced by marine molluscs. Biological Review, (2010), 85, pp. 757-775.
• [7] Simopoulos, A. P. The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Experimental Biology and Medicine, (2008), 233, pp. 674-688.
• [8] Wendel, M., Heller, A. R. Anticancer actions of omega-3 fatty acids - Current state and future perspectives. Anticancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, (2009), 9, pp. 457-470.
• [9] Lakshmi, S. A. Wonder molluscs and their utilities, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, (2011), 6 (2), pp. 30-33.
• [10] Taylor, J. W. Monograph of the land and fresh water molluscs of the British 1sles: I. Structural and General. Leeds, Taylor and Bros, 454, 1900.
• [11] Ridzwan, B. H., et al. Screening for aphrodisiac property in local oyster of Crassostrea iredalei, World Applied Sciences Journal, 26 (12), (2013), pp.1546-1551.
• [12] Hashim, R. Marine food resources from coastal area of Sabah. Selangor: Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka, p. 309. Malay, 1993.
• [13] Wang, C., Croll, R. P. Effects of sex steroids on spawning in the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus. Aquaculture, (2006), 256: 423-432.
• [14] Aphrodisiacs: http://www.loveologyuniversity.com /lupages/aphrodisiacs.aspx
• [15] Mail online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2216457/Snail-slime-hailed-latest-beauty-wonder-product-promising-clear-acne-reduce-scarring-beat-wrinkles.html.
• [16] Quave, C. L., et al. Dermatological remedies in the traditional pharmacopoeia of Vulture-Alto Brandano, inland southern Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, (2008), 4: p 5.
• [17] Wada, K.T., Komaru, A. Color and weight of pearls produced by grafting the mantle tissue from a selected population for white shell color of the Japanese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii (Dunker). Aquaculture, (1996), 142, pp. 25-32.
• [18] Pearls and Other Organic Gems: https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2//wisc/oLect17.html
• [19] Encyclopaedia Britannica: Cowries: https://www.britannica.com/animal/cowrie
• [20] Yang, B. The rise and fall of cowrie shells: The Asian Story. Journal of World History, (2011), 22 (1), pp. 1-25.
• [21] Waite, J. H. Adhesion à la Moule. Integrative and Comparative Biology, (2002), 42, pp.1172-1180.
• [22] Seeker: Feed your curiosity: https://www.seeker.com/mussels-and-clams-can-clean-up-polluted-water-1768972732.html
• [23] Ancient dyes: http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-dye.html
• [24] Bush, S. L., Robison, B. H. Ink utilization by mesopelagic squid. Marine Biology, (2007), 152, pp. 485-494.
• [25] Life mirror: https://lifemirror.net/2017/07/27/researchers-develop-new-surgical-adhesive-inspired-by-slug-secretions/