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Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.23884/mejs.2020.6.1.01

Abstract

References

  • [1] Abell, G. O. (1965). Clustering of galaxies. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3(1), 1.
  • [2] Arnaud, K., Dorman, B., & Gordon, C. (1999). XSPEC: An X-ray spectral fitting package. Astrophysics Source Code Library.
  • [3] Bahcall, N. A. (1999). Clusters and superclusters of galaxies. Formation of Structure in the Universe, 4, 135.
  • [4] Biviano, A. (2000). From Messier to Abell: 200 years of science with galaxy clusters. arXiv preprint astro-ph/0010409.
  • [5] Byram, E. T., Chubb, T. A., & Friedman, H. (1966). Cosmic X-ray sources, galactic and extragalactic. Science, 152(3718), 66-71.
  • [6] Ehle, M., Breitfellner, M., Dahlem, M., Guainazzi, M., Rodriguez, P., Santos–Lleo, M., ... & Tomas, L. (2003). XMM-Newton Users’ Handbook. available from the XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre at http://xmm. vilspa. esa. es.
  • [7] Fabian, A. C. (1994). Cooling flows in clusters of galaxies. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 32(1), 277-318.
  • [8] Felten, J. E., & Morrison, P. (1966). Omnidirectional inverse Compton and synchrotron radiation from cosmic distributions of fast electrons and thermal photons. The Astrophysical Journal, 146, 686.
  • [9] Forman, W., Kellogg, E., Gursky, H., Tananbaum, H., & Giacconi, R. (1972). Observations of the extended X-ray sources in the Perseus and Coma clusters from UHURU. The Astrophysical Journal, 178, 309-316.
  • [10] Fujimoto, R., Mitsuda, K., McCammon, D., Takei, Y., Bauer, M., Ishisaki, Y., ... & Yamasaki, N. Y. (2007). Evidence for solar-wind charge-exchange X-ray emission from the Earth’s magnetosheath. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 59(sp1), S133-S140.
  • [11] Fukazawa, Y. (1997). Ph. D. thesis, University of Tokyo.
  • [12] Hayakawa, A., Furusho, T., Yamasaki, N. Y., Ishida, M., & Ohashi, T. (2004). Inhomogeneity in the hot intracluster medium of Abell 1060 observed with Chandra. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 56(5), 743-752.
  • [13] Hayakawa, A., Hoshino, A., Ishida, M., Furusho, T., Yamasaki, N. Y., & Ohashi, T. (2006). Detailed XMM-Newton observation of the cluster of galaxies Abell 1060. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 58(4), 695-702.
  • [14] Gu, L., Xu, H., Gu, J., Kawaharada, M., Nakazawa, K., Qin, Z., ... & Makishima, K. (2012). Two-phase ICM in the Central Region of the Rich Cluster of Galaxies A1795: A Joint Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku View. The Astrophysical Journal, 749(2), 186.
  • [15] Jones, C., & Forman, W. (1984). The structure of clusters of galaxies observed with Einstein. The Astrophysical Journal, 276, 38-55.
  • [16] Kaastra, J. S., Ferrigno, C., Tamura, T., Paerels, F. B. S., Peterson, J. R., & Mittaz, J. P. D. (2001). XMM-Newton observations of the cluster of galaxies Sérsic 159-03. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 365(1), L99-L103.
  • [17] Kawano, N., Fukazawa, Y., Nishino, S., NAKAZAWA, K., KITAGUCHI, T., MAKISHIMA, K., ... & ISOBE, N. Ph. D. Thesis, Hiroshima University Ph. D. Thesis, Hiroshima University, 2006.
  • [18] Kushino, A., Ishisaki, Y., Morita, U., Yamasaki, N. Y., Ishida, M., Ohashi, T., & Ueda, Y. (2002). Study of the X-ray background spectrum and its large-scale fluctuation with ASCA. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 54(3), 327-352.
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  • [20] Longair, M. S. (2011). High energy astrophysics. cambridge university Press.
  • [21] Makishima, K., Ezawa, H., Fukazawa, Y., Honda, H., Ikebe, Y., Kamae, T., ... & Takahashi, T. (2001). X-ray probing of the central regions of clusters of galaxies. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 53(3), 401-420.
  • [22] Navarro, J. F. (1996). JF Navarro, CS Frenk, and SDM White, Astrophys. J. 462, 563 (1996). Astrophys. J., 462, 563.
  • [23] Peres, C. B., Fabian, A. C., Edge, A. C., Allen, S. W., Johnstone, R. M., & White, D. A. (1998). A ROSAT study of the cores of clusters of galaxies—I. Cooling flows in an X‐ray flux‐limited sample. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 298(2), 416-432.
  • [24] Peterson, J. R., & Fabian, A. C. (2006). X-ray spectroscopy of cooling clusters. Physics reports, 427(1), 1-39.
  • [25] Rood, H. J., & Sastry, G. N. PASP, 83, 313 (1971). Google Scholar.
  • [26] Sanderson, A. J., Ponman, T. J., & O'Sullivan, E. (2006). A statistically selected Chandra sample of 20 galaxy clusters–I. Temperature and cooling time profiles. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 372(4), 1496-1508.
  • [27] Sarazin, C. L. (1988). X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies.
  • [28] Sato, K., Yamasaki, N. Y., Ishida, M., Ishisaki, Y., Ohashi, T., Kawahara, H., ... & Ota, N. (2007). X-ray study of temperature and abundance profiles of the cluster of galaxies Abell 1060 with Suzaku. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 59(2), 299-317.
  • [29] Snowden, S. L., Mushotzky, R. F., Kuntz, K. D., & Davis, D. S. (2008). A catalog of galaxy clusters observed by XMM-Newton. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 478(2), 615-658.
  • [30] Snowden, S. L., & Kuntz, K. D. (2011). Cookbook for Analysis Procedures for XMM-Newton EPIC MOS Observations of Extended Objects and the Diffuse Background, Version 4.3.
  • [31] Takahashi, I., Kawaharada, M., Makishima, K., Matsushita, K., Fukazawa, Y., Ikebe, Y., ... & Ota, N. (2009). X-ray Diagnostics of Thermal Conditions of the Hot Plasmas in the Centaurus Cluster. The Astrophysical Journal, 701(1), 377.
  • [32] Tamura, T., Makishima, K., Fukazawa, Y., Ikebe, Y., & Xu, H. (2000). X-ray measurements of the gravitational potential profile in the central region of the Abell 1060 cluster of galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal, 535(2), 602.
  • [33] Tamura, T., Day, C. S., Fukazawa, Y., Hatsukade, I., Ikebe, Y., Makishima, K., ... & Yamashita, K. (1996). Uniformity in the temperature and metallicity of the X-ray emitting gas in the Abell 1060 cluster of galaxies. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 48(5), 671-677.
  • [34] Tarenghi, M., Tifft, W. G., Chincarini, G., Rood, H. J., & Thompson, L. A. (1979). The Hercules supercluster. I-Basic data. The Astrophysical Journal, 234, 793-801.
  • [35] Xu, H., Makishima, K., Fukazawa, Y., Ikebe, Y., Kikuchi, K. I., Ohashi, T., & Tamura, T. (1998). Discovery of the central excess brightness in hard X-rays in the cluster of galaxies Abell 1795. The Astrophysical Journal, 500(2), 738.

X-RAY PROPERTIES OF THE NON-COOL-CORE CLUSTER OF GALAXIES ABELL 2147

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.23884/mejs.2020.6.1.01

Abstract

XMM-Newton data of the medium-richness non-cD cluster of galaxies Abell 2147, at a redshift of z= 0.035, were analyzed for radial distributions of its X-ray surface brightness, temperature, and metal abundances. The measured X-ray temperature is constant at 5.2 ± 0.8 keV up to ~3’ (~ 130 kpc) from the center, while it decreases to ≤ 3.5 keV at ~13’ (~ 600 kpc). The obtained abundance profile is consistent with being constant at 0.26 ± 0.08 times the Solar value, although a slight outward decrease is suggested. The X-ray surface brightness can be described by a single -model, with = 0.50 ± 0.14 and a core radius of 145” ± 45” = 105 ± 33 kpc. These properties of Abell 2147 agree with those of the best-studies non-cD cluster, Abell 1060. When compared with typical cD clusters, Abell 2147 agrees in its X-ray properties in outer regions, including in particular the outward temperature decrease. However, in the central regions (within ~ 100 kpc), Abell 2147, as well as Abell 1060, lacks major characteristics seen in many cD clusters; the temperature decrease, the abundance enhancements, and evidence for nested two scale lengths in the gravitational potential.

References

  • [1] Abell, G. O. (1965). Clustering of galaxies. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3(1), 1.
  • [2] Arnaud, K., Dorman, B., & Gordon, C. (1999). XSPEC: An X-ray spectral fitting package. Astrophysics Source Code Library.
  • [3] Bahcall, N. A. (1999). Clusters and superclusters of galaxies. Formation of Structure in the Universe, 4, 135.
  • [4] Biviano, A. (2000). From Messier to Abell: 200 years of science with galaxy clusters. arXiv preprint astro-ph/0010409.
  • [5] Byram, E. T., Chubb, T. A., & Friedman, H. (1966). Cosmic X-ray sources, galactic and extragalactic. Science, 152(3718), 66-71.
  • [6] Ehle, M., Breitfellner, M., Dahlem, M., Guainazzi, M., Rodriguez, P., Santos–Lleo, M., ... & Tomas, L. (2003). XMM-Newton Users’ Handbook. available from the XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre at http://xmm. vilspa. esa. es.
  • [7] Fabian, A. C. (1994). Cooling flows in clusters of galaxies. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 32(1), 277-318.
  • [8] Felten, J. E., & Morrison, P. (1966). Omnidirectional inverse Compton and synchrotron radiation from cosmic distributions of fast electrons and thermal photons. The Astrophysical Journal, 146, 686.
  • [9] Forman, W., Kellogg, E., Gursky, H., Tananbaum, H., & Giacconi, R. (1972). Observations of the extended X-ray sources in the Perseus and Coma clusters from UHURU. The Astrophysical Journal, 178, 309-316.
  • [10] Fujimoto, R., Mitsuda, K., McCammon, D., Takei, Y., Bauer, M., Ishisaki, Y., ... & Yamasaki, N. Y. (2007). Evidence for solar-wind charge-exchange X-ray emission from the Earth’s magnetosheath. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 59(sp1), S133-S140.
  • [11] Fukazawa, Y. (1997). Ph. D. thesis, University of Tokyo.
  • [12] Hayakawa, A., Furusho, T., Yamasaki, N. Y., Ishida, M., & Ohashi, T. (2004). Inhomogeneity in the hot intracluster medium of Abell 1060 observed with Chandra. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 56(5), 743-752.
  • [13] Hayakawa, A., Hoshino, A., Ishida, M., Furusho, T., Yamasaki, N. Y., & Ohashi, T. (2006). Detailed XMM-Newton observation of the cluster of galaxies Abell 1060. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 58(4), 695-702.
  • [14] Gu, L., Xu, H., Gu, J., Kawaharada, M., Nakazawa, K., Qin, Z., ... & Makishima, K. (2012). Two-phase ICM in the Central Region of the Rich Cluster of Galaxies A1795: A Joint Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku View. The Astrophysical Journal, 749(2), 186.
  • [15] Jones, C., & Forman, W. (1984). The structure of clusters of galaxies observed with Einstein. The Astrophysical Journal, 276, 38-55.
  • [16] Kaastra, J. S., Ferrigno, C., Tamura, T., Paerels, F. B. S., Peterson, J. R., & Mittaz, J. P. D. (2001). XMM-Newton observations of the cluster of galaxies Sérsic 159-03. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 365(1), L99-L103.
  • [17] Kawano, N., Fukazawa, Y., Nishino, S., NAKAZAWA, K., KITAGUCHI, T., MAKISHIMA, K., ... & ISOBE, N. Ph. D. Thesis, Hiroshima University Ph. D. Thesis, Hiroshima University, 2006.
  • [18] Kushino, A., Ishisaki, Y., Morita, U., Yamasaki, N. Y., Ishida, M., Ohashi, T., & Ueda, Y. (2002). Study of the X-ray background spectrum and its large-scale fluctuation with ASCA. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 54(3), 327-352.
  • [19] Leir, A. A., & van den Bergh, S. (1977). A Study of 1889 Rich Clusters of Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 34, 381-403.
  • [20] Longair, M. S. (2011). High energy astrophysics. cambridge university Press.
  • [21] Makishima, K., Ezawa, H., Fukazawa, Y., Honda, H., Ikebe, Y., Kamae, T., ... & Takahashi, T. (2001). X-ray probing of the central regions of clusters of galaxies. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 53(3), 401-420.
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  • [23] Peres, C. B., Fabian, A. C., Edge, A. C., Allen, S. W., Johnstone, R. M., & White, D. A. (1998). A ROSAT study of the cores of clusters of galaxies—I. Cooling flows in an X‐ray flux‐limited sample. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 298(2), 416-432.
  • [24] Peterson, J. R., & Fabian, A. C. (2006). X-ray spectroscopy of cooling clusters. Physics reports, 427(1), 1-39.
  • [25] Rood, H. J., & Sastry, G. N. PASP, 83, 313 (1971). Google Scholar.
  • [26] Sanderson, A. J., Ponman, T. J., & O'Sullivan, E. (2006). A statistically selected Chandra sample of 20 galaxy clusters–I. Temperature and cooling time profiles. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 372(4), 1496-1508.
  • [27] Sarazin, C. L. (1988). X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies.
  • [28] Sato, K., Yamasaki, N. Y., Ishida, M., Ishisaki, Y., Ohashi, T., Kawahara, H., ... & Ota, N. (2007). X-ray study of temperature and abundance profiles of the cluster of galaxies Abell 1060 with Suzaku. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 59(2), 299-317.
  • [29] Snowden, S. L., Mushotzky, R. F., Kuntz, K. D., & Davis, D. S. (2008). A catalog of galaxy clusters observed by XMM-Newton. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 478(2), 615-658.
  • [30] Snowden, S. L., & Kuntz, K. D. (2011). Cookbook for Analysis Procedures for XMM-Newton EPIC MOS Observations of Extended Objects and the Diffuse Background, Version 4.3.
  • [31] Takahashi, I., Kawaharada, M., Makishima, K., Matsushita, K., Fukazawa, Y., Ikebe, Y., ... & Ota, N. (2009). X-ray Diagnostics of Thermal Conditions of the Hot Plasmas in the Centaurus Cluster. The Astrophysical Journal, 701(1), 377.
  • [32] Tamura, T., Makishima, K., Fukazawa, Y., Ikebe, Y., & Xu, H. (2000). X-ray measurements of the gravitational potential profile in the central region of the Abell 1060 cluster of galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal, 535(2), 602.
  • [33] Tamura, T., Day, C. S., Fukazawa, Y., Hatsukade, I., Ikebe, Y., Makishima, K., ... & Yamashita, K. (1996). Uniformity in the temperature and metallicity of the X-ray emitting gas in the Abell 1060 cluster of galaxies. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 48(5), 671-677.
  • [34] Tarenghi, M., Tifft, W. G., Chincarini, G., Rood, H. J., & Thompson, L. A. (1979). The Hercules supercluster. I-Basic data. The Astrophysical Journal, 234, 793-801.
  • [35] Xu, H., Makishima, K., Fukazawa, Y., Ikebe, Y., Kikuchi, K. I., Ohashi, T., & Tamura, T. (1998). Discovery of the central excess brightness in hard X-rays in the cluster of galaxies Abell 1795. The Astrophysical Journal, 500(2), 738.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Astronomical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Article
Authors

Ozden Sengul 0000-0002-7127-7897

Publication Date June 29, 2020
Submission Date May 16, 2020
Acceptance Date June 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE O. Sengul, “X-RAY PROPERTIES OF THE NON-COOL-CORE CLUSTER OF GALAXIES ABELL 2147”, MEJS, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2020, doi: 10.23884/mejs.2020.6.1.01.

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