Research Article
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Year 2025, Issue: 4, 9 - 17, 26.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.62425/melius.1753841

Abstract

References

  • Althusser, L. (2000). Ideology interpellates individuals as subjects. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 31–38). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Arslan Karabulut, M. (2021). Şiddetten aidiyetsizliğe: Saliha Scheinhardt’ın Frauen, Die Sterben, Ohne Daß Sie Gelebt Hätten romanında köksüzlüğün derinlikleri. In M. Bulut, C. Aksoy Sugiyama, & K. Şahin (Eds.), The different approaches of academic disciplines to the phenomenon of migration (pp. 17–32). Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
  • Atkins, K. (2005). Self and subjectivity. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Balkaya, M. A. (2024). The interaction between the familiar and the eerie: The representation of Freud's uncanny in Beckett's Endgame. Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi (UDEKAD), 7(3), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1502394
  • Benveniste, E. (2000). Subjectivity in language. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 39–43). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Bove, P. A. (1990). Discourse. In F. Lentricchia & T. McLaughlin (Eds.), Critical terms for literary study (pp. 50–66). University of Chicago Press.
  • Butler, J. (2000). Critically queer. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 108–119). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • --- Cinsiyet belası: Feminizm ve kimliğin altüst edilmesi (B. Ertür, Çev.). Metis.
  • --- (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. Routledge.
  • Connellan, K. (2016). The cult of domesticity. In N. Naples et al. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of gender and sexuality studies (pp. 1–4). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Corbin, A. (2006). Bedenlerin buluşması. In G. Vigarello, A. Corbin, & J.-J. Courtine (Eds.), Bedenin tarihi 2: Fransız Devrimi’nden Büyük Savaş’a (O. Türkay, Çev.), (pp. 117–141). Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Ellis, S. S. (1839). The women of England, their social duties, and domestic habits. https://victorianpersistence.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/sarah-stickney-ellis-the-women-of-england.pdf
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. Critical Inquiry, 8(4), 777–795. https://doi.org/10.1086/448181
  • Geyh, P. E. (1993). Burning down the house? Domestic space and feminine subjectivity in Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping. Contemporary Literature, 34(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/1208504
  • Hall, D. E. (2004). Subjectivity: The new critical idiom. Routledge.
  • Ibsen, H. (2012). Bir Bebek Evi (J. Karabekir & F. Eralp, Trans.). Agora Kitaplığı.
  • Jehlen, M. (1990). Gender. In F. Lentricchia & T. McLaughlin (Eds.), Critical terms for literary study (pp. 263–274). University of Chicago Press.
  • Lacan, J. (2006). The subversion of the subject and the dialectic of desire. In Écrits (B. Fink, Trans., pp. 671–702). W. W. Norton.
  • Mansfield, N. (2000). Subjectivity: Theories of the self from Freud to Haraway. NYU Press. Merleau-Ponty, M. (2004). The world of perception. Routledge.
  • Padron, M. (2023). Judith Butler ve toplumsal cinsiyet. Ek Dergi. https://www.ekdergi.com/judith-butler-ve-toplumsal-cinsiyet/
  • Sartre, J.-P. (2016) What is Subjectivity? (D. Broder and T. Selous Trans.). Verso.
  • Schep, D. (2012). The limits of performativity: A critique of hegemony in gender theory. Hypatia, 27(4), 864–880. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23352299
  • von der Lippe, G. (2000). Medical texts on gender, sexuality, and sport in Norway, 1890–1950: Changing metaphors on femininities and masculinities. Journal of Sport History, 27(3), 481–495. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43609780
  • Yağmur, Ö., & Kelebek, S. (2022). Performatif pratikler bağlamında cinsiyetçilik kavramı. Sanat Dergisi, (39), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.54614/AI.2022.979392
  • Whitehead, S. M. (2002). Men and masculinities. Polity Press.

The Relation of Subjectivity, Patriarchal Discourse and Performative Practice in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House

Year 2025, Issue: 4, 9 - 17, 26.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.62425/melius.1753841

Abstract

This study investigates how patriarchal discourse shapes the perception of subjectivity, focusing on the major female character Nora in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House. Written in 1879, the play may be considered a critical examination of patriarchal discursive power. In the play, patriarchal discourse permeates all aspects of Nora’s life, reinforcing male-dominated ideologies. Moreover, patriarchal discursive practices become an inescapable force that affects Nora’s perception of subjectivity and dictates social roles, making it challenging for her to resist these constraints as a subject. In A Doll’s House, these dynamics are evident in the character of Nora, who embodies the struggles of women under patriarchal dominance. Her role as a housewife illustrates the societal expectation for women to conform to subservient positions defined by male authority. Nora’s interactions with her husband, Torvald, further highlight the gendered power imbalance, with her being reduced to a mere object to fulfill his desires. This reflects the broader societal discourse that limits women’s agency and reinforces male supremacy. This study, which also examines Nora's journey of subjectivity as a performative practice, reveals the profound impact of patriarchal discourse on female subjectivity, how it seeks to shape it through normative codes, how female subjectivity can be transformed into a performative practice, and the challenges women face in asserting their autonomy within a male-centered social order. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the enduring relevance of Ibsen’s work in understanding the mechanisms of patriarchal power over female subjectivity and its implications for gender relations.

References

  • Althusser, L. (2000). Ideology interpellates individuals as subjects. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 31–38). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Arslan Karabulut, M. (2021). Şiddetten aidiyetsizliğe: Saliha Scheinhardt’ın Frauen, Die Sterben, Ohne Daß Sie Gelebt Hätten romanında köksüzlüğün derinlikleri. In M. Bulut, C. Aksoy Sugiyama, & K. Şahin (Eds.), The different approaches of academic disciplines to the phenomenon of migration (pp. 17–32). Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
  • Atkins, K. (2005). Self and subjectivity. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Balkaya, M. A. (2024). The interaction between the familiar and the eerie: The representation of Freud's uncanny in Beckett's Endgame. Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi (UDEKAD), 7(3), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1502394
  • Benveniste, E. (2000). Subjectivity in language. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 39–43). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Bove, P. A. (1990). Discourse. In F. Lentricchia & T. McLaughlin (Eds.), Critical terms for literary study (pp. 50–66). University of Chicago Press.
  • Butler, J. (2000). Critically queer. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 108–119). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • --- Cinsiyet belası: Feminizm ve kimliğin altüst edilmesi (B. Ertür, Çev.). Metis.
  • --- (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. Routledge.
  • Connellan, K. (2016). The cult of domesticity. In N. Naples et al. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of gender and sexuality studies (pp. 1–4). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Corbin, A. (2006). Bedenlerin buluşması. In G. Vigarello, A. Corbin, & J.-J. Courtine (Eds.), Bedenin tarihi 2: Fransız Devrimi’nden Büyük Savaş’a (O. Türkay, Çev.), (pp. 117–141). Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Ellis, S. S. (1839). The women of England, their social duties, and domestic habits. https://victorianpersistence.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/sarah-stickney-ellis-the-women-of-england.pdf
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. Critical Inquiry, 8(4), 777–795. https://doi.org/10.1086/448181
  • Geyh, P. E. (1993). Burning down the house? Domestic space and feminine subjectivity in Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping. Contemporary Literature, 34(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/1208504
  • Hall, D. E. (2004). Subjectivity: The new critical idiom. Routledge.
  • Ibsen, H. (2012). Bir Bebek Evi (J. Karabekir & F. Eralp, Trans.). Agora Kitaplığı.
  • Jehlen, M. (1990). Gender. In F. Lentricchia & T. McLaughlin (Eds.), Critical terms for literary study (pp. 263–274). University of Chicago Press.
  • Lacan, J. (2006). The subversion of the subject and the dialectic of desire. In Écrits (B. Fink, Trans., pp. 671–702). W. W. Norton.
  • Mansfield, N. (2000). Subjectivity: Theories of the self from Freud to Haraway. NYU Press. Merleau-Ponty, M. (2004). The world of perception. Routledge.
  • Padron, M. (2023). Judith Butler ve toplumsal cinsiyet. Ek Dergi. https://www.ekdergi.com/judith-butler-ve-toplumsal-cinsiyet/
  • Sartre, J.-P. (2016) What is Subjectivity? (D. Broder and T. Selous Trans.). Verso.
  • Schep, D. (2012). The limits of performativity: A critique of hegemony in gender theory. Hypatia, 27(4), 864–880. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23352299
  • von der Lippe, G. (2000). Medical texts on gender, sexuality, and sport in Norway, 1890–1950: Changing metaphors on femininities and masculinities. Journal of Sport History, 27(3), 481–495. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43609780
  • Yağmur, Ö., & Kelebek, S. (2022). Performatif pratikler bağlamında cinsiyetçilik kavramı. Sanat Dergisi, (39), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.54614/AI.2022.979392
  • Whitehead, S. M. (2002). Men and masculinities. Polity Press.

Henrik Ibsen'in Bir Bebek Evi Adlı Eserinde Öznelik, Ataerkil Söylem ve Performatif Pratik Bağıntısı

Year 2025, Issue: 4, 9 - 17, 26.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.62425/melius.1753841

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Henrik Ibsen'in Bir Bebek Evi adlı tiyatro eserinde ana kadın karakter Nora’ya odaklanarak ataerkil söylemin öznelik algısını nasıl şekillendirdiğini incelemektedir. 1879’da yazılan oyun, ataerkil söylemsel gücün eleştirel bir incelemesi olarak değerlendirilebilir. Oyunda ataerkil söylem Nora’nın hayatının her alanına nüfuz ederek erkek egemen ideolojileri güçlendirmektedir. Üstelik ataerkil söylemsel pratikler, Nora’nın öznelik algısını etkileyen ve toplumsal rolleri belirleyen kaçınılmaz bir güç haline gelmekte ve bir özne olarak kısıtlamalara direnmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Bir Bebek Evi oyunundaki bu dinamikler, ataerkil egemenlik altındaki kadınların mücadelelerini somutlaştıran Nora karakterinde açıkça görülmektedir. Bir ev hanımı olarak rolü, kadınların erkek otoritesi tarafından tanımlanan itaatkâr konumlara uyması yönündeki toplumsal beklentiyi göstermektedir. Nora’nın eşi Torvald ile olan etkileşimleri, onun Torvald’ın arzularını yerine getirmekle yükümlü bir nesneye indirgenmesini ve bu durumun cinsiyete dayalı güç dengesizliğini nasıl görünür kıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, kadınların eylemliliğini sınırlayan ve erkek üstünlüğünü güçlendiren daha geniş toplumsal söylemi yansıtmaktadır. Nora'nın öznelik yolculuğunu performatif bir pratik olarak da inceleyen bu çalışma, ataerkil söylemin kadın özneliği üzerindeki derin etkisini, normatif kurallarla etki altına almak istediği kadın özneliğini performatif bir pratiğe dönüştürebileceğini ve kadınların erkek merkezli bir toplumsal düzen içinde özerkliklerini savunurken karşılaştıkları zorlukları ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu analiz, Ibsen'in eserinin kadın özneliği üzerindeki ataerkil iktidar mekanizmalarını ve bunun toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkileri üzerindeki etkilerini anlamadaki büyük öneminin altını çizmektedir

References

  • Althusser, L. (2000). Ideology interpellates individuals as subjects. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 31–38). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Arslan Karabulut, M. (2021). Şiddetten aidiyetsizliğe: Saliha Scheinhardt’ın Frauen, Die Sterben, Ohne Daß Sie Gelebt Hätten romanında köksüzlüğün derinlikleri. In M. Bulut, C. Aksoy Sugiyama, & K. Şahin (Eds.), The different approaches of academic disciplines to the phenomenon of migration (pp. 17–32). Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
  • Atkins, K. (2005). Self and subjectivity. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Balkaya, M. A. (2024). The interaction between the familiar and the eerie: The representation of Freud's uncanny in Beckett's Endgame. Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi (UDEKAD), 7(3), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1502394
  • Benveniste, E. (2000). Subjectivity in language. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 39–43). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Bove, P. A. (1990). Discourse. In F. Lentricchia & T. McLaughlin (Eds.), Critical terms for literary study (pp. 50–66). University of Chicago Press.
  • Butler, J. (2000). Critically queer. In P. du Gay, J. Evans, & P. Redman (Eds.), Identity: A reader (pp. 108–119). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • --- Cinsiyet belası: Feminizm ve kimliğin altüst edilmesi (B. Ertür, Çev.). Metis.
  • --- (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. Routledge.
  • Connellan, K. (2016). The cult of domesticity. In N. Naples et al. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of gender and sexuality studies (pp. 1–4). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Corbin, A. (2006). Bedenlerin buluşması. In G. Vigarello, A. Corbin, & J.-J. Courtine (Eds.), Bedenin tarihi 2: Fransız Devrimi’nden Büyük Savaş’a (O. Türkay, Çev.), (pp. 117–141). Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Ellis, S. S. (1839). The women of England, their social duties, and domestic habits. https://victorianpersistence.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/sarah-stickney-ellis-the-women-of-england.pdf
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. Critical Inquiry, 8(4), 777–795. https://doi.org/10.1086/448181
  • Geyh, P. E. (1993). Burning down the house? Domestic space and feminine subjectivity in Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping. Contemporary Literature, 34(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/1208504
  • Hall, D. E. (2004). Subjectivity: The new critical idiom. Routledge.
  • Ibsen, H. (2012). Bir Bebek Evi (J. Karabekir & F. Eralp, Trans.). Agora Kitaplığı.
  • Jehlen, M. (1990). Gender. In F. Lentricchia & T. McLaughlin (Eds.), Critical terms for literary study (pp. 263–274). University of Chicago Press.
  • Lacan, J. (2006). The subversion of the subject and the dialectic of desire. In Écrits (B. Fink, Trans., pp. 671–702). W. W. Norton.
  • Mansfield, N. (2000). Subjectivity: Theories of the self from Freud to Haraway. NYU Press. Merleau-Ponty, M. (2004). The world of perception. Routledge.
  • Padron, M. (2023). Judith Butler ve toplumsal cinsiyet. Ek Dergi. https://www.ekdergi.com/judith-butler-ve-toplumsal-cinsiyet/
  • Sartre, J.-P. (2016) What is Subjectivity? (D. Broder and T. Selous Trans.). Verso.
  • Schep, D. (2012). The limits of performativity: A critique of hegemony in gender theory. Hypatia, 27(4), 864–880. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23352299
  • von der Lippe, G. (2000). Medical texts on gender, sexuality, and sport in Norway, 1890–1950: Changing metaphors on femininities and masculinities. Journal of Sport History, 27(3), 481–495. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43609780
  • Yağmur, Ö., & Kelebek, S. (2022). Performatif pratikler bağlamında cinsiyetçilik kavramı. Sanat Dergisi, (39), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.54614/AI.2022.979392
  • Whitehead, S. M. (2002). Men and masculinities. Polity Press.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects European Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Rana Sağıroğlu 0000-0002-2153-1228

Submission Date July 29, 2025
Acceptance Date September 23, 2025
Publication Date September 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Sağıroğlu, R. (2025). Henrik Ibsen’in Bir Bebek Evi Adlı Eserinde Öznelik, Ataerkil Söylem ve Performatif Pratik Bağıntısı. Melius: Journal of Narrative and Language Studies(4), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.62425/melius.1753841

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