Vertical Accuracy Studies for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Abstract

The increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in mapping and surveying has necessitated a comprehensive understanding of their vertical accuracy performance. The use of UAVs in mapping projects has rapidly expanded due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and high spatial resolution. Vertical accuracy, a critical criterion for UAV-derived Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and orthophotos, influences their use in applications such as cadastral map production, environmental monitoring and infrastructure inspection, and digital elevation model production. Factors affecting vertical accuracy include sensor resolution, ground control point (GCP) distribution, and flight altitude. This study provides valuable information for professional UAV practitioners seeking to optimize vertical accuracy in photogrammetric projects and photogrammetric workflows. This article examines recent developments in vertical accuracy studies in UAV photogrammetry worldwide, analyzing the factors affecting accuracy, survey methodologies, and comparative performance in different geographic regions. A comprehensive table combining vertical Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values from multiple studies highlights trends and challenges. Recommendations for optimizing vertical accuracy in UAV mapping are also provided.

Keywords

• UAV
• Vertical Accuracy
• Photogrammetry
• DEM

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