The Teller/Receiver-Oriented Functions of Ondan Sonra As A Discourse Marker in Conversational Narratives

Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 35 - 60, 01.01.2017

Emel Kökpınar Kaya

Abstract

Discourse
markers that are largely used in everyday talk carry out various functions in
conversations. One of the conversational genres in which discourse markers are
highly used is conversational narrative. Conversational narratives are the
interactional productions of (the) teller(s) and listener(s), and also they are
the textual reflections of the events that are experienced in past time and
told in a sequence in the time of storytelling. In this stoytelling which
comprises of a sequence of events, both tellers and listeners use discourse
markers for different purposes. This study aims to demonstrate the functions of
ondan sonra as a discourse marker in
Turkish conversational narratives. To this end, this study grounds on
Conversation Analysis (Jefferson, 1978; Sacks et al., 1974) and Narrative
Analysis (Labov and Waletzky, 1967; Labov 1972, 1997). The analysis which is
carried out in the interface of these two study fields focuses on the
narrative, conversational and interpersonal functions of ondan sonra in conversational storytelling. The data of the study
includes 100 single and 12 complex conversational narratives gathered from 11
recordings of natural conversations in family gatherings whose participants are
native speakers of standard Turkish. The findings show that ondan sonra has various teller- and
receiver-oriented functions in addition to the function of ‘continuity marker
used in order to sequence the events’ as Özbek (1998a) suggested. The
teller-oriented functions for narrative structure are sequencing
the events in an temporal order, connecting the bound narratives to the first
one, initiating the category of Complicating Action and initiating the category
of Resolution. For conversational organisation, the teller-oriented
functions are taking the turn and holding the floor,
and for interpersonal interaction the only teller-oriented function is attracting the attention of the receivers to a specific point. In
addition to them, the analysis shows that receivers use ondan sonra in order to initiate a turn and show their interest to
the storytelling in conversational narratives. 

Keywords

Conversational narratives, discourse markers, ondan sonra

Bir Söylem Belirleyicisi Olarak Ondan Sonranın Etkileşimsel Anlatılardaki Anlatıcı ve Dinleyici Odaklı İşlevleri

Abstract

Günlük
konuşmalar içinde sıkça karşılaşılan söylem belirleyicileri (discourse markers)
konuşma içinde çeşitli işlevsel roller yüklenirler. Söylem belirleyicilerinin
yoğun bir şekilde kullanıldığı günlük konuşma birimlerinden biri de
etkileşimsel anlatılardır. Etkileşimsel anlatılar, anlatıcı(lar) ve
dinleyici(ler) tarafından gerçekleştirilen etkileşimsel üretimlerdir ve ayrıca geçmiş
yaşantıda deneyimlenen olayların günlük konuşmalar esnasında sıralı olarak
anlatılmaları ile ortaya çıkan metinsel yansımalarıdır. Bu olaysal sıra
içindeki öyküleştirme süresince, gerek anlatıcı(lar) gerek dinleyici(ler)
farklı amaçlar ile söylem belirleyicilerine başvurmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma bir
söylem belirleyicisi olarak ondan sonranın
konuşma içinde gerçekleşen etkileşimsel anlatılardaki işlevlerini göstermeyi
amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, çalışma yöntembilimsel olarak Konuşma Çözümlemesi
(Jefferson, 1978; Sacks ve diğ., 1974) ve Anlatı Çözümlemesi (Labov ve Waletzky,
1967; Labov, 1972, 1997) alanlarından katkı almakta ve bu iki alan arayüzünde
yürütülen çözümleme ondan sonranın
etkileşimsel öykülemelerdeki anlatı yapısı, konuşma düzeni ve kişilerarası
etkileşim içindeki işlevleri üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın verisi, Türkçe
anadili ve ölçünlü dil konuşucularının günlük aile içi konuşmalarından
toplanmış 100 basit ve 12 karmaşık etkileşimsel anlatıyı kapsayan 11 farklı ses
kayıdından oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, ondan sonranın, Özbek (1998a) tarafından
belirlenen ‘olayların sıralanması işlevini yürüten devamlılık
belirleyicisi’ işlevine ek olarak, etkileşimsel anlatılarda anlatıcı ve
dinleyici odaklı olmak üzere çeşitli işlevler yüklendiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Anlatıcı odaklı işlevler, anlatı yapısı için olayları sıralamak, bağımlı
anlatıların önceki anlatı ile ilişkilendirilmesini sağlamak, ve anlatının
Karmaşık Olaylar Dizisi ve Çözüm birimlerinin başladığına işaret etmek; konuşma
düzeni için konuşma sırasını almak ve başlatmak, ve sırayı tutmak; kişilerarası
etkileşim için ise dinleyicilerin ilgisini belirli bir noktaya çekmek şeklinde
belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, dinleyicilerin etkileşimsel öykülemeler sırasında, sıra
alıp başlatma ve anlatıcıya anlatıya olan ilgilerini göstermek amacıyla ondan sonrayı kullandıkları
bulgulanmıştır.

Keywords

Etkileşimsel anlatılar, söylem belirleyicileri, ondan sonra

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