Demokrasi Kavramına İlişkin Türkçe ve Amerikan İngilizcesi Metinlerde Karşılaştırmalı Eleştirel Metafor Çözümlemesi

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 89 - 110, 15.07.2019

Melike Baş

Abstract

Sosyo-politik bir kavram olarak ‘demokrasi’, ilk ortaya
çıktığı çağlardan bu yana farklı toplumlarda farklı evrimsel süreçler geçirmiş
ve uygulanmıştır. Bu sebeple, evrensel bir kavram gibi görünse de farklı
bilişsel ve kültürel şemalar tarafından şekillenebilmektedir. Bu çalışma, bir
derlem içerisinde ‘demokrasi’ kavramının metaforik kullanımlarından yola
çıkarak Türkçe ve Amerikan İngilizcesinde bu kavrama ilişkin kavramsallaşmaları
incelemeyi ve bu kavramsal yapının iki dilde farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını
ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın veri tabanı TUDv3.0, TS Columns,
COCA ve NOW derlemlerinden seçilmiş 4000 örnekten oluşmaktadır. Demokrasi
kavramı ile ilişkili metaforların tespiti, yorumlaması ve açıklanmasında
Eleştirel Metafor Çözümlemesi (Charteris-Black, 2004) ve Metafor Tespit Yöntemi
(Pragglejaz Grup, 2007) temel
alınmıştır. Sonuçlar, her iki dilde de fiziksel
nesne, çatışma, canlı organizma, hedef-seyahat ve yapı-bina kaynak alanlarının en fazla
sıklığa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Diller arası
karşılaştırma, demokrasi kavramıyla eşleşen kaynak alanların her iki dilde
benzerlik gösterse de sayısal dağılımlarının farklılaşabildiğini ve tipik
olarak tercih edilen metaforların farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Kavramsal Metafor, Demokrasi, Derlem, Türkçe, Amerikan İngilizcesi

A Comparative Critical Metaphor Analysis in Turkish and American English Texts Related to the Concept of Democracy

Abstract

As a sociopolitical concept, ‘democracy’ has passed through
different evolutionary processes and practiced differently in diverse societies
since it was first introduced. Therefore, although it seems to be a universal
concept, it can be shaped by different cognitive and cultural schemas. By
setting out from the metaphoric usages of ‘democracy’ in a corpus, this study
aims to investigate the conceptualizations of this concept in Turkish and
American English, and to reveal whether this conceptual structure differs in
these two languages. Database of the study consists of 4000 samples taken from TNCv3.0, TS Columns, COCA, and NOW. Critical Metaphor Analysis
(Charteris-Black, 2004) and Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz,
2007) were based on in the identification, explanation and interpretation of
metaphors. Findings demonstrate that physical
object, conflict, living organism,
destination-journey and construction-building are the most frequently
employed source domains in both languages. The cross-linguistic comparison
manifests that although the source domains that map with democracy show
similarities, their quantitative distributions and the typically preferred
metaphors might vary in the two languages.

Keywords

Conceptual Metaphor, Democracy, Corpus, Turkish, American English

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