Annelerin emzirme döneminde meme ile ilgili yaşadıkları sorunlar ve çözümünde kullandıkları yöntemler: kesitsel bir araştırma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma, emzirme dönemindeki annelerin yaşadığı meme sorunlarını, bu sorunlara karşı uyguladıkları çözüm yöntemlerini ve bu sorunların emzirme süreci ile bebek sağlığına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tasarımda yürütülen araştırmada, Ankara ilinde yaşayan ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle ulaşılan 141 anne çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan çevrimiçi anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve Ki-kare testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Annelerin %62.4’ü sezaryen doğum yapmış, %86.5’i ilk doğum sonrasında meme sorunları yaşamıştır. Annelerin en sık yaşadıkları meme sorunları memede hassasiyet (%72.3), meme ucunda çatlak (%54.6) ve yara (%51.8)’dır. Bu sorunlar emzirme süresinin kısalmasına (%61.4), sıklığının azalmasına (%26.3) veya tamamen bırakılmasına (%7) neden olmuştur. Meme sorunları en çok sezaryenle doğum yapan, emzirme eğitimi almayan, eğitim düzeyi yüksek olan ve sağlık çalışanı annelerde görülmüştür. Yaşanan meme sorununun zamanı, annenin doğum şekli, doğum öncesi ve sonrası meme bakımı eğitimi alma durumundan etkilenmektedir. Meme sorunlarına müdahale yöntemi ise meslek, doğum şekli ve bebeğin doğum haftasına göre anlamlı şekilde farklılaşmaktadır. Anneler, meme sorununun çözümünde farmakolojik ve nonfarmakolojik yöntemlere başvurmuştur. Yenidoğanla ilk bir saatte ten tene temas eden, meme bakımına yönelik eğitim alan, eğitim düzeyi yüksek ve evli olan anneler meme sorununa rağmen emzirmeye devam etmiştir. Ayrıca, gestasyon haftası düşük (32-37 hafta) olan yenidoğanların meme sorunları nedeniyle anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla sağlık sorunu yaşadıkları saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Emziren annelere yönelik doğum öncesi ve sonrası eğitimler ile evde izlem hizmetlerinin yaygınlaştırılması, nonfarmakolojik yöntemler konusunda sağlık çalışanlarının rehberliği ve sosyal medya gibi bilgi kaynaklarının güvenilir içeriklerle denetlenmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Emzirme
• meme ucu
• doğum sonrası dönem
• anne sağlığı

Breast-related problems experienced by mothers during breastfeeding and the methods they used to solve them: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to determine the breast problems experienced by mothers during the breastfeeding period, the coping strategies they used to manage these problems, and the effects of these problems on the breastfeeding process and infant health. Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 141 mothers residing in Ankara, who were reached through a snowball sampling method. Data were collected via an online questionnaire developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Results: Among the participants, 62.4% had cesarean deliveries, and 86.5% experienced breast problems after their first birth. The most frequently reported breast problems were breast tenderness (72.3%), cracked nipple (54.6%), and nipple sores (51.8%). These problems led to a reduction in breastfeeding duration (61.4%), decreased frequency (26.3%), or complete cessation (7%). Breast problems were more common among mothers who had cesarean deliveries, had not received breastfeeding education, had higher education levels, and were healthcare professionals. The timing of breast problems was significantly associated with delivery mode and the mother’s pre- and postnatal breast care education status. The intervention methods used to manage breast problems varied significantly by occupation, mode of delivery, and gestational week of the newborn. Mothers applied both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to manage breast problems. Mothers who engaged in skin-to-skin contact with their newborns within the first hour after birth, received education on breast care, had higher education levels, and were married were more likely to continue breastfeeding despite experiencing breast problems. Additionally, newborns with lower gestational weeks (32–37 weeks) experienced significantly more health problems due to maternal breast issues. Conclusion: It is recommended to expand prenatal and postnatal education programs and home follow-up services for breastfeeding mothers, ensure healthcare professionals provide guidance on non-pharmacological methods, and regulate social media content to promote reliable information sources.

Keywords

• Breastfeeding
• nipple
• postpartum period
• maternal health

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