The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and menstrual attitudes of nursing students

Abstract

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence and menstrual behaviors of primary dysmenoreehea of nursing students. Method: The sample of the cross-sectional study was 584 female students who studied at a university, volunteered for participation in the study and regularly menstruating. Participant Information Form, Dysmenorrhea Information Form, Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale, Menstrual Attitude Scale and Visual Analog Scale were used for data collection. For statistical analyses, percentages, means, student t test, Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA tests. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was found to be 94%. The average response rate for DIF was 54.81±14.68 (10-90). The mean score of the students in the Functional Dysmenorrhea subdimension is 23.25±6.88 (7-35). The mean score of Emotional Dysmenorrhea was 18.35±7.32 (7-35). The total score of the Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale was 41.61±13.04 (14-70). The mean score of Menstrual Attitude Scale was 96.33±8.98 (50-137). The level of knowledge of primary dysmenorrhea increased with age, and those with high level of knowledge were found to have low severity of primary dysmenorrhea. In the study, primary dysmenorrhea severe (VAS> 6) was found to be higher among the patients who applied to the doctor because of the complaints of primary dysmenorrhea, those who used painkiller drugs, those who applied to nonpharmacological methods, those who had symptoms other than pain, the family history of dysmenorrhea, and those who continued to attend the complaints. Conclusion: Primary dysmenorrhea prevalence was found to be high in university students. Dysmenorrhea knowledge level and dysmenorrhea between functional and emotional level of affect in a statistically negative direction; there is a positive relationship with menstrual attitude.

Keywords

• Dysmenorrhea,menstruation,attitude

Bir hemşirelik fakültesi öğrencilerinin primer dismenore sıklığı ve menstrual tutumları

Abstract

Amaç: Araştırma hemşirelik öğrencilerinin primer dismenore sıklığı ve menstrual tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte planlanan araştırmanın örneklemini bir üniversitede okuyan, çalışmaya katılımda gönüllü olan ve düzenli menstruasyon gören 584 kız öğrenci oluşturdu. Veri toplamada Katılımcı Tanıtım Formu, Dismenore Bilgi Formu, Fonksiyonel ve Emosyonel Dismenore Ölçeği, Menstruasyon Tutum Ölçeği ve Vizüel Analog Skalası kullanıldı. Veriler yüzdelik dağılım, ortalama, student t testi, Pearson korelasyon ve tek yönlü ANOVA testleriyle değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Araştırmada dismenore prevelansı %94 bulundu. Dismenore Bilgi Formu’nu doğru cevap puan ortalaması 54.81±14.68 (10-90)’dir. Öğrencilerin Fonksiyonel Dismenore alt boyutundan aldıkları puan ortalaması 23.25±6.88 (7-35)’dir. Emosyonel Dismenore alt boyutundan alınan puan ortalaması 18.35±7.32 (7-35)’dir. Fonksiyonel ve Emosyonel Dismenore Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 41.61±13.04 (14-70)’tür. Öğrencilerin Menstruasyon Tutum Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 96.33±8.98 (50-137)’dir. Primer dismenore bilgi düzeyinin yaşla birlikte arttığı, bilgi düzeyi yüksek olanların primer dismenore şiddetinin düşük olduğu bulundu. Araştırmada primer dismenore şikayeti sebebiyle doktora başvuranlarda, ağrı kesici ilaç kullananlarda, nonfarmakolojik yöntemlere başvuranlarda, ağrı dışında semptom yaşayanlarda, aile öyküsünde dismenore şikayeti olan bireylerin varlığında ve şikayetlerin okula devam etmesini etkileyenlerde primer dismenore şiddeti (VAS>6) yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Üniversite öğrencilerinde primer dismenore sıklığı yüksek bulundu. Dismenore bilgi düzeyi ile dismenoreden fonksiyonel ve emosyonel olarak etkilenme düzeyi arasında istatiksel açıdan negatif yönde; menstrual tutum ile pozitif yönde bir ilişki vardır. 

Keywords

• Dismenore,menstruasyon,tutum

References

1. 1. Chiou MH, Wang HH, Yang YH. Effect of systematic menstrual health education on dysmenorrheic female adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and self-care behavior. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2007;23(4):183-90.
2. 2. Gün Ç. Dismenore etkilenmişlik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi (Doktora tezi), Nurdan Demirci, Yayınlanmamış tezi, İstanbul, 2014.
3. 3. Kim J, Lee H, Kim H, Kim JY, Kim KH. Differences in the tongue features of primary dysmenorrhea patients and controls over a normal menstrual cycle. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017;6435702:9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6435702.
4. 4. Momoeda M, Kondo M, Elliesen J, Yasuda M, Yamamoto S, Harada T. Efficacy and safety of a flexible extended regimen of ethinylestradiol/drospirenone for the treatment of dysmenorrhea: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study. International Journal of Women’s Health. 2017;9: 295–305.
5. 5. Şahin NH. Jinekolojik Ağrı (Pelvik Ağrı). İn: Beji NK Eds:. Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları. 2nd Ed., İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2017: 113-7.
6. 6. Hailemeskel S, Demissie A. Assefa N. Primary dysmenorrhea magnitude, associated risk factors , and its effect on academic performance : Evidence from female university students in Ethiopia. International Journal of Women’s Health. 2016;8:489–96.
7. 7. Li L, Huangfu L, Chai H, He W, Song H, Zou X, Wang, W. Development of a Functional and Emotional Measure of Dysmenorrhea (FEMD) in Chinese university women. Health Care For Women İnternational. 2012; 33(2):97-108. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2011.603863.
8. 8. Brooks-Gunn J, Ruble DN. The menstrual attitude questionnaire. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1980;42(5):503-12.

9. 9. Kulakaç Ö, Öncel S, Fırat MZ, Akcan A. Menstruasyon tutum ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obs. 2008;18(6):347-56.
10. 10. Bijur PE, Silwer W, Gallagher EJ. Reliability of the Visual Analog Scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2001;8(12):1153-7.
11. 11. Righarts A, Osborne L, Connor J. Gillett W. The prevalence and potential determinants of dysmenorrhoea and other pelvic pain in women: A prospective study. BJOG: An İnternational Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2018. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15247.
12. 12. Wong CL. Health-related quality of life among Chinese adolescent girls with Dysmenorrhoea. Reproductive Health. 2018;15(1):80.
13. 13. Wong CL, Ip WY, Lam LW. Self-care strategies among Chinese adolescent girls with Dysmenorrhea: A qualitative study. Pain Management Nursing. 2016; 17(4):262-271.
14. 14. Yücel G, Kendirci M, Gül Ü. Menstrual characteristics and related problems in 9-18 year-old Turkish school girls. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.03.002.
15. 15. Uysal G, Akkaya H, Cagli F, Tutus S, Tayyar AT. A comparison of two different oral contraceptives in patients with severe primary dysmenorrhoea. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2018. 1-5.
16. 16. Wong CL, Ip W. Self-care management of menstrual pain among Chinese adolescents. The Journal of Pain. 2012;13(4):25.
17. 17. Kural M, Noor NN, Pandit D, Joshi T, Patil A. Menstrual characteristics and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in college going girls. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2015;4(3):426-31.
18. 18. Gagua T, Tkeshelashvili B, Gagua D. Primary dysmenorrhea: Prevalence in adolescent population of Tbilisi, Georgia and risk factors. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. 2012;13:162-8.
19. 19. SAGEM Türkiye Kadın Sağlığı Araştırması. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü. 2014. Erişim yeri: http://ekutuphane.sagem.gov.tr/kitaplar/turkiye_kadin_sagligi_arastirmasi.pdf., Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2018.
20. 20. Sugumar R, Krishnaiah V, Channaveera GS, Mruthyunjaya S Comparison of the pattern, efficacy, and tolerability of self-medicated drugs in primary dysmenorrhea: A questionnaire based survey. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2013;45(2):180.
21. 21. Esen İ, Oğuz B, Serin HM. Menstrual characteristics of pubertal girls: A questionnaire-based study in Turkey. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. 2016;8(2):192-6.
22. 22. Alam MU, Luby SP, Halder AK, Islam K, Opel A, Shoab AK, Unicomb L. Menstrual hygiene management among Bangladeshi adolescent schoolgirls and risk factors affecting school absence: Results from a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2017;7(7): e015508.
23. 23. Özdemir F, Tezel A, Nazik E. Adölesanlarda menstrual tutum ile sağlık öz yeterlik algısının belirlenmesi. Kocaeli Tıp Dergisi. 2013;2(3):18-23.
24. 24. Sönmezer E, Yosmaoğlu HB. Dismenoresi olan kadınlarda menstruasyona yönelik tutum ve stres algısı değişiklikleri. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2015;25(2):56-62.
25. 25. Chiu, M.H., Hsieh, H.F., Yang, Y.H., Chen, H.M., Hsu, S.C. ve Wang, H.H. Influencing factors of dysmenorrhoea among hospital nurses: A questionnaire survey in Taiwan. BMJ Open. 2017;7(12):e017615.
26. 26. Gultie T, Hailu D, Workineh Y. Age of menarche and knowledge about menstrual hygiene management among adolescent school girls in Amhara province, Ethiopia. Implication to health care workers & School teachers. 2014;9(9):e108644.
27. 27. Chiu MH, Wang HH, Hsu SC. ve Liu IP. Dysmenorrhoea and self care behaviours among hospital nurses: A questionnaire survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013; 22(21-22):3130-3140.
28. 28. Topuz Ş, Duman NB, Güneş, A. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi birinci sınıftaki kız öğrencilerin genital hijyen uygulamaları. Turkısh Journal of Clınıcs and Laboratory. 2015;6(3): 85-90.
29. 29. Xu Y, Zhao W, Li T, et al. Effects of acupoint-stimulation for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea compared with NSAID’s: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 RCT’s. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017;17(1):436. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1924-8.
30. 30. Liang W, Zhang Y, Huajun LI, et al. Personality and Primary Dysmenorrhea: A study using a five-factor model in Chinese University women. Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2012; 49(2):92-5.