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THE ACCOUNT OF SAEWULF’S PILGRIMAGE, 1102-1103: AN ACCOUNT DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF THE KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM (ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATE)

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 1 - 74, 31.12.2021

Abdurrahman Onur Çalışır

Abstract

The account of Saewulf is one of the early examples of works that are both travel account and pilgrimage guide, which has seen a significant increase in Europe with the Crusades. The text, which begins with the author's departure from Italy and ends in Turkey during the return journey, consists of three main parts. The first part includes Saewulf's journey from Monopoli to Jaffa. The second part includes his visits to religious sites in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The third part includes his return journey from Jaffa to Marmaraereğlisi. In this article, the identity of Saewulf, the routes he followed, the effects of the geographical factors in the Mediterranean on his voyage, the author’s point of view to the "others" and the structure of his account is analyzed. In addition, the importance of his narrative as a historical source is emphasized, and the account is translated into Turkish.

Keywords

Saewulf Pigrimage Account the Crusades the Kingdom of Jerusalem

References

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  • Anna Komnena, Alexiad, çev. Bilge Umar, (İstanbul: İnkılâp Kitabevi, 1996).
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  • Fraipont, J. ed., “Beda Venerabilis De Locis Sanctis”, Itineraria et Alia Geographica, Corpus Christianorum Series Latina CLXXV, (Turnhout: Brepols, 1965), 247-280.
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  • Altan Ebru, “Templier ve Hospitalier Şövalye Tarikatlarının Kuruluşu”, Belleten LXVI/245, 2002:87-94.
  • Anabolu, Doç. Dr. Mükerrem, “Alinda (Karpuzlu)”, Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi, Sayı: XIV, Yıl: 1965, 1967:87-102.
  • Andrea, Alfred J. ve Paul I. Rachlin, “Holy War, Holy Relics, Holy Theft: The Anonymous of Soissons’s De terra Iherosolimitana: An Analysis, Edition, and Translation”, Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 18/1, 1992:147-175.
  • Bale, Anthony ve Sebastian Sobecki, Medieval English Travel: A Critical Anthology, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).
  • Barber, Malcolm, the Crusader States, (New Haven ve Londra: Yale University Press, 2012).
  • Barber Malcolm, Yeni Şövalyelik: Tapınak Tarikatının Tarihi, çev. Berna Ülner, (İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi, Şubat 2006).
  • Belke, Klaus, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 13/1: Bithynien und Hellespont, (Viyana: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2020).
  • Boas, Adrian J., Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape, and Art in the Holy City under Frankish Rule, (Londra: Routledge, 2001).
  • Bockisch, Gabriele vd., “Temple and Altars for Greek and Carian Gods: New Evidence for Religious Life in Alinda During the Late Classical and Hellenistic Period”, Varia Anatolica XXVIII, ed. Olivier Henry, (İstanbul: Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes ve Georges Demézil, 2013), 129-162.
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  • Çelik, Prof. Dr. Aydın, Fâtımîler Devleti Tarihi (909-1171), (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2018).
  • D’Albon, Marquis, Cartulaire Général L’Ordre du Temple 1119?-1150, (Paris: 1913).
  • D’Avezac, M., Relation des Voyages de Saewulf, (Paris: 1839).
  • D’Avezac, M., “Relation des Voyages de Saewulf”, Recueil de Voyages et de Mémoires, Cilt: 4, (Paris: La Societe de Géographie, 1839), 817-854.
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  • Huygens, R. B. C., Peregrinationes Tres: Saewulf, Iohannes Wirziburgensis, Theodericus, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis CXXXIX, (Turnhout: Brepols, 1994).
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  • Jacoby, David, “Ports of Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Eleventh-Fourteenth Century: Jaffa, Acre, Alexandria”, the Holy Portolano: The Sacred Geography of Navigation in the Middle Ages, ed. Michele Bacci ve Martin Rohde, (Berlin, Münih ve Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2014), 51-71.
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SAEWULF’UN HAC SEYAHATNAMESİ, 1102-1103: KUDÜS KRALLIĞI’NIN İLK YILLARINA DAİR BİR ANLATI (Analiz, Çeviri ve Yeni Edisyon)

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 1 - 74, 31.12.2021

Abdurrahman Onur Çalışır

Abstract

Saewulf’un anlatısı, Haçlı seferleriyle birlikte Avrupa’da sayısında kayda değer bir artış gözlemlenen hem seyahatname hem de hac rehberi hüviyetindeki eserlerin ilk örneklerinden birisidir. Yazarın İtalya’dan yola çıkışıyla başlayıp geri dönüş yolundayken Türkiye’de sonlanan metin, üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölüm Saewulf’un Monopoli’den Yafa’ya seyahatini; ikinci bölüm Kudüs Krallığı’ndaki dinî mekânlara gerçekleştirdiği ziyaretleri; üçüncü bölüm Yafa’dan Marmaraereğlisi’ne kadar olan dönüş yolculuğunu içermektedir. Bu makalede Saewulf’un kimliği, izlediği güzergâhlar, Akdeniz’deki coğrafî etmenlerin deniz yolculuğuna etkileri, ‘öteki’lere bakış açısı ve anlatısının yapısı analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca seyahatnamenin tarihî bir kaynak olarak önemi üzerinde durulmuş ve Türkçe çevirisi yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Saewulf Hac Seyahatnamesi Haçlı Seferleri Kudüs Krallığı

References

  • Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, MS 111. / MS Vat. Reg. lat. 572. /MS Vat. Reg. lat. 641.
  • Albert of Aachen, Historia Ierosolimitana, ed. ve çev. Susan B. Edgington, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2007).
  • An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades: Memoirs of Usāmah Ibn-Munqidh (Kıtāb al-Iʿtıbār), çev. Philip K. Hitti, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1929).
  • Anna Komnena, Alexiad, çev. Bilge Umar, (İstanbul: İnkılâp Kitabevi, 1996).
  • Ayan, Ergin haz., Willermus Tyrensis’in Haçlı Kroniği: Başlangıçtan Kudüs’ün Zaptına Kadar (I-VIII. Kitaplar), (İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, Nisan 2016).
  • Ebû Abdullah Muhammed İbn Battûta Tancî, İbn Battûta Seyahatnâmesi, Cilt: I, çev. A. Sait Aykut, (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, Nisan 2004).
  • Ebü’l-Fidâ Coğrafyası (Takvimü’l-Büldan), ter. & haz. Ramazan Şeşen, (İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınevi, Eylül 2017).
  • Fraipont, J. ed., “Beda Venerabilis De Locis Sanctis”, Itineraria et Alia Geographica, Corpus Christianorum Series Latina CLXXV, (Turnhout: Brepols, 1965), 247-280.
  • Fulcheri Carnotensis Historia Hierosolymitana (1095-1127), yay. Heinrich Hagenmeyer, (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung 1913).
  • Fulcherius Carnotensis, Kudüs Seferi (Kutsal Toprakları Kurtarmak), çev. İlcan Bihter Barlas, (İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, Haziran 2009).
  • Geoffrey Malaterra, the Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of His Brother Duke Robert Guiscard, çev. Kenneth Baxter Wolf, (Ann Arbor: the University of Michigan Press, 2005).
  • İbn Havkal, 10. Asırda İslâm Coğrafyası, çev. Ramazan Şeşen, (İstanbul: Yeditepe Yayınevi, Eylül 2017).
  • İbn Hurdazbih, Yollar ve Ülkeler Kitabı, çev. Murat Ağarı, (İstanbul: Kitabevi Yayınları, 2008).
  • Mag. Thietmari Peregrinatio, ed. Dr. J. C. M. Laurent, (Hamburg: 1857).
  • Nâsır-ı Hüsrev, Sefername, çev. Prof. Dr. A. Naci Tokmak, (İstanbul: Demavend Yayınları, Ocak 2020).
  • Ortaçağ’da İki Yahudi Seyyahın (Tudela’lı Benjamin ve Ratisbon’lu Petachia) İslâm Dünyası Gözlemleri, çev. Nuh Arslantaş, (İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları, Ocak 2009).
  • Pero Tafur Seyahatnamesi, çev. Hakan Kılıç, (İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, Kasım 2016).
  • Pliny: Natural History, Cilt: II, ed. H. Rackham, the Loeb Classical Library, (Londra: Harvard University Press, 1961).
  • Saewulf (1102, 1103 A.D.), çev. Brownlow, Rev. Canon, (Londra: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, 1892).
  • Stephani Byzantii Ethnica, Cilt: I, haz. ve çev. Margarethe Billerbeck, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006).
  • The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī: An English Translation, Cilt:1, ed. Matthew S. Gordon vd., (Leiden ve Boston: Brill, 2017).
  • Tre Pellegrinaggi in Terrasanta: Saewulf, Giovanni di Würzburg, Teodorico, çev. Silverio Franzoni ve Elisa Lonati, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2020).
  • Vasf Rıhletü’l-Hacc Seyvulf: Li-Beytü’l-Makdis ve’l-Erâzi’l-Makdise m. 1102-1103, terc. D. Said Abdullah el-Bişavi, (Amman: Darü’ş-Şuruk, 1977).
  • Willelmi Tyrensis Chronicon, ed. R. B. C. Huygens, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis LXIII, (Turnhout: Brepols, 1986).
  • William of Malmesbury (Willelmi Malmesbiriensis), Monachi de Gestis Pontificum Anglorum Libri Quinque, ed. N. E. S. A. Hamilton, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
  • William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, Cilt: 1, çev. Emily Atwater Babcock ve A. C. Krey, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1943).
  • Agius, Dionisius A., Classic Ships of Islam: From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean, (Leiden: Brill, 2008).
  • Altan Ebru, “Templier ve Hospitalier Şövalye Tarikatlarının Kuruluşu”, Belleten LXVI/245, 2002:87-94.
  • Anabolu, Doç. Dr. Mükerrem, “Alinda (Karpuzlu)”, Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi, Sayı: XIV, Yıl: 1965, 1967:87-102.
  • Andrea, Alfred J. ve Paul I. Rachlin, “Holy War, Holy Relics, Holy Theft: The Anonymous of Soissons’s De terra Iherosolimitana: An Analysis, Edition, and Translation”, Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 18/1, 1992:147-175.
  • Bale, Anthony ve Sebastian Sobecki, Medieval English Travel: A Critical Anthology, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).
  • Barber, Malcolm, the Crusader States, (New Haven ve Londra: Yale University Press, 2012).
  • Barber Malcolm, Yeni Şövalyelik: Tapınak Tarikatının Tarihi, çev. Berna Ülner, (İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi, Şubat 2006).
  • Belke, Klaus, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 13/1: Bithynien und Hellespont, (Viyana: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2020).
  • Boas, Adrian J., Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape, and Art in the Holy City under Frankish Rule, (Londra: Routledge, 2001).
  • Bockisch, Gabriele vd., “Temple and Altars for Greek and Carian Gods: New Evidence for Religious Life in Alinda During the Late Classical and Hellenistic Period”, Varia Anatolica XXVIII, ed. Olivier Henry, (İstanbul: Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes ve Georges Demézil, 2013), 129-162.
  • Cross, F. L., the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
  • Çelik, Prof. Dr. Aydın, Fâtımîler Devleti Tarihi (909-1171), (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2018).
  • D’Albon, Marquis, Cartulaire Général L’Ordre du Temple 1119?-1150, (Paris: 1913).
  • D’Avezac, M., Relation des Voyages de Saewulf, (Paris: 1839).
  • D’Avezac, M., “Relation des Voyages de Saewulf”, Recueil de Voyages et de Mémoires, Cilt: 4, (Paris: La Societe de Géographie, 1839), 817-854.
  • D’Avezac, M., “Relation des Voyages de Saewulf”, Relations des Voyages de Guillaume de Rubruk: Bernard le Sage et Saewulf, yay. Francisque Michel ve Thomas Wright, (Paris: La Société de Géographie, 1839), 237-274.
  • Duggan, T. M. P., “From Mid-October to the End of March – Voyaging in the Medieval Mediterranean”, CEDRUS: Akdeniz Uygarlıkları Araştırmaları Dergisi III, 2015:277-310.
  • Elliott, J. K., the Apocryphal New Testament, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005).
  • Farmer, David Hugh, the Oxford Dictionary of Saints, (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2003).
  • Garnett, Margaret Elizabeth, “the Longer-for Place”: Saewulf and Twelfth-Century Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Lisans Tezi, (Virginia: College of William and Mary, Nisan 2000).
  • Hale, Nathan, the History of Modern Greece, With A View of the Geography, Antiquities, and Present Condition of That Country, (Boston: 1827).
  • Huygens, R. B. C., Peregrinationes Tres: Saewulf, Iohannes Wirziburgensis, Theodericus, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis CXXXIX, (Turnhout: Brepols, 1994).
  • İlgürel, Mücteba, “Çaka Bey”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Cilt: 8, (İstanbul: Diyanet Vakfı Yayınevi, 1993), 186-188.
  • Jacoby, David, “Ports of Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Eleventh-Fourteenth Century: Jaffa, Acre, Alexandria”, the Holy Portolano: The Sacred Geography of Navigation in the Middle Ages, ed. Michele Bacci ve Martin Rohde, (Berlin, Münih ve Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2014), 51-71.
  • James, Montague Rhodes, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Corpus Christi College Cambridge, Cilt: I, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1912).
  • John, Simon, Godfrey of Bouillon: Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Ruler of Latin Jerusalem, c. 1060-1100, (Londra ve New York: Routledge, 2018).
  • Kaldellis, Anthony, Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium, (Cambridge: the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2019).
  • Koder, Johannes ve Friedrich Hild, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 1: Hellas und Thessalia, (Viyana: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1976).
  • Külzer, Andreas, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 12: Ostthrakien (Europe), (Viyana: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008).
  • Loades, Mike, the Longbow, (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2013).
  • Makris, George, “Ships”, the Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh to the Fifteenth Century, Cilt:3, ed. Angeliki E. Laiou, (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002), 91-100.
  • Murray, Alan V. ve Helen Nicholson, “(Latin) Kingdom of Jerusalem”, the Crusades: An Encyclopedia, Cilt: II, ed. Alan V. Murray, (California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), 662-672.
  • Newett, M. Margaret, Canon Pietro Casola’s Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Year 1494, (Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1907).
  • Nicolle, David, Crusader Castles in the Holy Land 1097-1192, (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2004).
  • Niermeyer, J. F., Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, (Leiden: Brill, 1976).
  • Ostrogorsky, Georg, Bizans Devleti Tarihi, çev. Prof. Dr. Fikret Işıltan, (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2011).
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Abdurrahman Onur Çalışır

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

Chicago Çalışır, Abdurrahman Onur. “SAEWULF’UN HAC SEYAHATNAMESİ, 1102-1103: KUDÜS KRALLIĞI’NIN İLK YILLARINA DAİR BİR ANLATI (Analiz, Çeviri Ve Yeni Edisyon)”. MESOS Disiplinlerarası Ortaçağ Çalışmaları Dergisi 3, no. 3 (December 2021): 1-74.
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