Research Article
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IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 30.06.2025

Murat Akpinar , Sayit Ozbey , İsmet Tıkız , Sibel Başakçılardan Kabakcı , Ümit Ünver

https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1637436

Abstract

Energy efficiency is an important focus due to rising fuel costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Although maritime transport is considered as the most environmentally friendly mode of transportation, it contributes significantly to environmental pollution. This study focuses on the Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) to assess the energy efficiency of the Osmangazi-1 high-speed passenger/vehicle ferry. The analysis reveals that there is a direct relationship between the EEOI values and operational parameters such as cargo weight, speed and sailing distance. The data collected between July and August 2013 shows that the average, minimum and maximum EEOI values are 0.001344, 0.000823 and 0.004322 respectively. Operational measures outlined in the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) aim to reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency. The findings emphasize that SEEMP should be implemented to reduce CO2 emissions and promote sustainable maritime practices.

Keywords

SEEMP Ferry Energy Efficiency EEOI IMO

References

  • Acomi, N., & Acomi, O. C. (2014). Improving the Voyage Energy Efficiency by Using EEOI. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 138, 531–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.234
  • Afifa, Arshad, K., Hussain, N., Ashraf, M. H., & Saleem, M. Z. (2024). Air pollution and climate change as grand challenges to sustainability. Science of The Total Environment, 928, 172370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172370
  • Aminzadegan, S., Shahriari, M., Mehranfar, F., & Abramović, B. (2022). Factors affecting the emission of pollutants in different types of transportation: A literature review. Energy Reports, 8, 2508–2529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.161
  • Arslan, O., Solmaz, M. S., & Usluer, H. B. (2022). Determination of the perception of ship management towards environmental pollion caused by routine operations of ships. Aquatic Research, 5(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR22005
  • Ayesu, E. K. (2023). Does shipping cause environmental emissions? Evidence from African countries. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 21, 100873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100873
  • Barreiro, J., Zaragoza, S., & Diaz-Casas, V. (2022). Review of ship energy efficiency. Ocean Engineering, 257(May), 111594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111594
  • Bayırhan, İ., Mersin, K., Tokuşlu, A., & Gazioğlu, C. (2019). Modelling of Ship Originated Exhaust Gas Emissions in the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus). International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 6(3), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.641397
  • Beşikçi, E. B., Solmaz, M. S., & Jurdana, I. (2021). Determining the awareness and knowledge of officers towards ship energy efficiency measures. Pomorstvo, 35(2), 327–340. https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.2.15
  • Buhaug, Ø., Corbett, J., Endresen, Ø., Eyring, V., Faber, J., Hanayama, S., Lee, D., Lindstad, E., Markowska, A. Z., Mjelde, A., Nelissen, D., Nilsen, J., Pålsson, C., Winebrake, J., Wu, W. –., & Yoshida, K. (2009). Second IMO GHG study 2009.
  • Deniz, C., & Durmuşoğlu, Y. (2008). Estimating shipping emissions in the region of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Science of The Total Environment, 390(1), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.033
  • Dewan, M. H., & Godina, R. (2023). Roles and challenges of seafarers for implementation of energy efficiency operational measures onboard ships. Marine Policy, 155, 105746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105746
  • Elena, K. (2012). Measures for Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Ships. Journal of Marine Technology \& Environment, 1, 59–67.
  • Hansen, E. K., Rasmussen, H. B., & Lützen, M. (2020). Making shipping more carbon-friendly? Exploring ship energy efficiency management plans in legislation and practice. Energy Research & Social Science, 65(April 2019), 101459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101459
  • Hüffmeier, J., & Johanson, M. (2021). State-of-the-art methods to improve energy efficiency of ships. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040447
  • IMO. (2013). Annex 9. Resolution MEPC.213(63). Adopted on 2 march 2012. 2012 Guidelines for the development of a ship energy efficiency management plan.
  • Inal, O. B., Charpentier, J.-F., & Deniz, C. (2022). Hybrid power and propulsion systems for ships: Current status and future challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 156, 111965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111965
  • Gao, J., Chi, M., & Hu, Z. (2022). Energy consumption optimization of inland sea ships based on operation data and ensemble learning. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022(1), 9231782.
  • Jägerbrand, A. K., Brutemark, A., Barthel Svedén, J., & Gren, I.-M. (2019). A review on the environmental impacts of shipping on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems. Science of The Total Environment, 695, 133637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133637
  • Jing, Q.-L., Liu, H.-Z., Yu, W.-Q., & He, X. (2022). The Impact of Public Transportation on Carbon Emissions—From the Perspective of Energy Consumption. Sustainability, 14(10), 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106248
  • Kim, S., & Jeon, H. (2022). Comparative Analysis on AC and DC Distribution Systems for Electric Propulsion Ship. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(5), 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050559
  • Leach, F., Kalghatgi, G., Stone, R., & Miles, P. (2020). The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines. Transportation Engineering, 1, 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2020.100005
  • Marin, N., Nikolaj, A., & Petko, P. (2010). Engine Room Simulator ERS4000 Use for Analysis of Energy Efficiency of Integrated Ship Energy System. Journal of Marine Technology \& Environment, 1(3), 205–212.
  • Millet, Y., Fidan, Y., & Öz, S. (2023). Effect of fuel type on maritime transportation’s pollution: An EEOI application. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1087108
  • Musulin, M., Mihanović, L., Balić, K., & Musulin, H. N. (2024). The Impact of Container Ship Trim on Fuel Consumption and Navigation Safety. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(9), 1658. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091658
  • Oloruntobi, O., Mokhtar, K., Gohari, A., Asif, S., & Chuah, L. F. (2023). Sustainable transition towards greener and cleaner seaborne shipping industry: Challenges and opportunities. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 13, 100628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2023.100628
  • Öztürk, E. (2015). Operational Measures For Energy Efficiency In Shipping. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 1(2), 65–72.
  • Prill, K., & Igielski, K. (2018). Calculation of Operational Indicator EEOI for Ships Designed to Other Purpose Than Transport Based on A Research – Training Vessel. New Trends in Production Engineering, 1(1), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0041
  • Riyadi, S., Aryawan, W. D., & Utama, I. K. A. P. (2022). Experimental and computational fluid dynamics investigations into the effect of loading condition on resistance of hard-chine semi planning crew boat. International Journal of Technology, 13(3), 518-532.
  • Sasidhar, K. B., Arkin, G., Gowtham, G., Somasundaram, M., & Vuppaladadiyam, A. K. (2023). Conversion of waste ship-oil sludge into renewable fuel: Assessment of fuel properties and techno-economic viability of supplementing and substituting commercial fuels. Journal of Cleaner Production, 427, 139362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139362
  • Schnurr, R. E. J., & Walker, T. R. (2019). Marine Transportation and Energy Use. In Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09270-8
  • Viana, M., Hammingh, P., Colette, A., Querol, X., Degraeuwe, B., Vlieger, I. de, & van Aardenne, J. (2014). Impact of maritime transport emissions on coastal air quality in Europe. Atmospheric Environment, 90, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.046
  • Wang, K., Yan, X., Yuan, Y., Jiang, X., Lin, X., & Negenborn, R. R. (2018). Dynamic optimization of ship energy efficiency considering time-varying environmental factors. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 62(May), 685–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.04.005
  • Wu, S., Cheng, Y., & Ma, Q. (2011). Discussion on ship energy-saving in low carbon economy. Procedia Engineering, 15, 5259–5262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.974

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 30.06.2025

Murat Akpinar , Sayit Ozbey , İsmet Tıkız , Sibel Başakçılardan Kabakcı , Ümit Ünver

https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1637436

Abstract

References

  • Acomi, N., & Acomi, O. C. (2014). Improving the Voyage Energy Efficiency by Using EEOI. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 138, 531–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.234
  • Afifa, Arshad, K., Hussain, N., Ashraf, M. H., & Saleem, M. Z. (2024). Air pollution and climate change as grand challenges to sustainability. Science of The Total Environment, 928, 172370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172370
  • Aminzadegan, S., Shahriari, M., Mehranfar, F., & Abramović, B. (2022). Factors affecting the emission of pollutants in different types of transportation: A literature review. Energy Reports, 8, 2508–2529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.161
  • Arslan, O., Solmaz, M. S., & Usluer, H. B. (2022). Determination of the perception of ship management towards environmental pollion caused by routine operations of ships. Aquatic Research, 5(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR22005
  • Ayesu, E. K. (2023). Does shipping cause environmental emissions? Evidence from African countries. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 21, 100873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100873
  • Barreiro, J., Zaragoza, S., & Diaz-Casas, V. (2022). Review of ship energy efficiency. Ocean Engineering, 257(May), 111594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111594
  • Bayırhan, İ., Mersin, K., Tokuşlu, A., & Gazioğlu, C. (2019). Modelling of Ship Originated Exhaust Gas Emissions in the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus). International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 6(3), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.641397
  • Beşikçi, E. B., Solmaz, M. S., & Jurdana, I. (2021). Determining the awareness and knowledge of officers towards ship energy efficiency measures. Pomorstvo, 35(2), 327–340. https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.2.15
  • Buhaug, Ø., Corbett, J., Endresen, Ø., Eyring, V., Faber, J., Hanayama, S., Lee, D., Lindstad, E., Markowska, A. Z., Mjelde, A., Nelissen, D., Nilsen, J., Pålsson, C., Winebrake, J., Wu, W. –., & Yoshida, K. (2009). Second IMO GHG study 2009.
  • Deniz, C., & Durmuşoğlu, Y. (2008). Estimating shipping emissions in the region of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Science of The Total Environment, 390(1), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.033
  • Dewan, M. H., & Godina, R. (2023). Roles and challenges of seafarers for implementation of energy efficiency operational measures onboard ships. Marine Policy, 155, 105746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105746
  • Elena, K. (2012). Measures for Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Ships. Journal of Marine Technology \& Environment, 1, 59–67.
  • Hansen, E. K., Rasmussen, H. B., & Lützen, M. (2020). Making shipping more carbon-friendly? Exploring ship energy efficiency management plans in legislation and practice. Energy Research & Social Science, 65(April 2019), 101459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101459
  • Hüffmeier, J., & Johanson, M. (2021). State-of-the-art methods to improve energy efficiency of ships. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040447
  • IMO. (2013). Annex 9. Resolution MEPC.213(63). Adopted on 2 march 2012. 2012 Guidelines for the development of a ship energy efficiency management plan.
  • Inal, O. B., Charpentier, J.-F., & Deniz, C. (2022). Hybrid power and propulsion systems for ships: Current status and future challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 156, 111965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111965
  • Gao, J., Chi, M., & Hu, Z. (2022). Energy consumption optimization of inland sea ships based on operation data and ensemble learning. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022(1), 9231782.
  • Jägerbrand, A. K., Brutemark, A., Barthel Svedén, J., & Gren, I.-M. (2019). A review on the environmental impacts of shipping on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems. Science of The Total Environment, 695, 133637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133637
  • Jing, Q.-L., Liu, H.-Z., Yu, W.-Q., & He, X. (2022). The Impact of Public Transportation on Carbon Emissions—From the Perspective of Energy Consumption. Sustainability, 14(10), 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106248
  • Kim, S., & Jeon, H. (2022). Comparative Analysis on AC and DC Distribution Systems for Electric Propulsion Ship. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(5), 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050559
  • Leach, F., Kalghatgi, G., Stone, R., & Miles, P. (2020). The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines. Transportation Engineering, 1, 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2020.100005
  • Marin, N., Nikolaj, A., & Petko, P. (2010). Engine Room Simulator ERS4000 Use for Analysis of Energy Efficiency of Integrated Ship Energy System. Journal of Marine Technology \& Environment, 1(3), 205–212.
  • Millet, Y., Fidan, Y., & Öz, S. (2023). Effect of fuel type on maritime transportation’s pollution: An EEOI application. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1087108
  • Musulin, M., Mihanović, L., Balić, K., & Musulin, H. N. (2024). The Impact of Container Ship Trim on Fuel Consumption and Navigation Safety. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(9), 1658. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091658
  • Oloruntobi, O., Mokhtar, K., Gohari, A., Asif, S., & Chuah, L. F. (2023). Sustainable transition towards greener and cleaner seaborne shipping industry: Challenges and opportunities. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 13, 100628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2023.100628
  • Öztürk, E. (2015). Operational Measures For Energy Efficiency In Shipping. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 1(2), 65–72.
  • Prill, K., & Igielski, K. (2018). Calculation of Operational Indicator EEOI for Ships Designed to Other Purpose Than Transport Based on A Research – Training Vessel. New Trends in Production Engineering, 1(1), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0041
  • Riyadi, S., Aryawan, W. D., & Utama, I. K. A. P. (2022). Experimental and computational fluid dynamics investigations into the effect of loading condition on resistance of hard-chine semi planning crew boat. International Journal of Technology, 13(3), 518-532.
  • Sasidhar, K. B., Arkin, G., Gowtham, G., Somasundaram, M., & Vuppaladadiyam, A. K. (2023). Conversion of waste ship-oil sludge into renewable fuel: Assessment of fuel properties and techno-economic viability of supplementing and substituting commercial fuels. Journal of Cleaner Production, 427, 139362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139362
  • Schnurr, R. E. J., & Walker, T. R. (2019). Marine Transportation and Energy Use. In Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09270-8
  • Viana, M., Hammingh, P., Colette, A., Querol, X., Degraeuwe, B., Vlieger, I. de, & van Aardenne, J. (2014). Impact of maritime transport emissions on coastal air quality in Europe. Atmospheric Environment, 90, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.046
  • Wang, K., Yan, X., Yuan, Y., Jiang, X., Lin, X., & Negenborn, R. R. (2018). Dynamic optimization of ship energy efficiency considering time-varying environmental factors. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 62(May), 685–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.04.005
  • Wu, S., Cheng, Y., & Ma, Q. (2011). Discussion on ship energy-saving in low carbon economy. Procedia Engineering, 15, 5259–5262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.974
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Marine Technology, Maritime Transportation Engineering, Ship Energy Efficiency
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Akpinar 0000-0002-6350-5060

Sayit Ozbey 0000-0002-9782-6997

İsmet Tıkız 0000-0003-4477-799X

Sibel Başakçılardan Kabakcı 0000-0001-9717-5111

Ümit Ünver 0000-0002-6968-6181

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date February 11, 2025
Acceptance Date May 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akpinar, M., Ozbey, S., Tıkız, İ., … Başakçılardan Kabakcı, S. (2025). IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty, 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1637436
AMA Akpinar M, Ozbey S, Tıkız İ, Başakçılardan Kabakcı S, Ünver Ü. IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY. MEUJMAF. June 2025;7(1):1-8. doi:10.47512/meujmaf.1637436
Chicago Akpinar, Murat, Sayit Ozbey, İsmet Tıkız, Sibel Başakçılardan Kabakcı, and Ümit Ünver. “IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY”. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty 7, no. 1 (June 2025): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1637436.
EndNote Akpinar M, Ozbey S, Tıkız İ, Başakçılardan Kabakcı S, Ünver Ü (June 1, 2025) IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty 7 1 1–8.
IEEE M. Akpinar, S. Ozbey, İ. Tıkız, S. Başakçılardan Kabakcı, and Ü. Ünver, “IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY”, MEUJMAF, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2025, doi: 10.47512/meujmaf.1637436.
ISNAD Akpinar, Murat et al. “IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY”. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty 7/1 (June2025), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.47512/meujmaf.1637436.
JAMA Akpinar M, Ozbey S, Tıkız İ, Başakçılardan Kabakcı S, Ünver Ü. IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY. MEUJMAF. 2025;7:1–8.
MLA Akpinar, Murat et al. “IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY”. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty, vol. 7, no. 1, 2025, pp. 1-8, doi:10.47512/meujmaf.1637436.
Vancouver Akpinar M, Ozbey S, Tıkız İ, Başakçılardan Kabakcı S, Ünver Ü. IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEEMP) ON A FERRY. MEUJMAF. 2025;7(1):1-8.
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