Social Hope and Determinants of Social Hope in Immigrants or Disadvantaged Groups: A Field Study on Meskhetian Turks

Abstract

Hope; It is used to express positive expectations and is expressed as individuals' self-efficacy and optimism. Social hope refers to individuals' expectations and belief in social dreams and collective visions for the good and meaningful life and future within the society and group to which they belong. Social cohesion, social capital and economic expectations are important factors in increasing the faith and hopes of the social lower classes and especially immigrant individuals for the future. Social capital and social cohesion can act as levers in reducing or eliminating ethnic or class inequalities. The study is important for Turkey, which has immigrants up to 10% of its population, as it tries to determine the relationship between the social hopes of immigrants and other disadvantaged groups and their social capital, social cohesion and economic expectations. Study findings; He found a positive and very high correlation (γ = 0.51; t = 6.30) between “Social Capital (SS)” and “Social Hope (SU)”. Again, there is a positive and very high correlation (γ = 0.86; t = 11.12) between “Social Cohesion (SK)” and “Social Hope (SU)”, and “Economic Expectation (EB)” and “Social Hope ( SU)” in the positive direction and at a very high level (γ = 0.84; t = 12.04). The existence of social hope for immigrants or disadvantaged groups indicates the existence of opportunities and possibilities to achieve visions of better life and success in society.

Keywords

• Social Hope
• Social Capital
• Social Cohesion
• Structural Equality Model
• Meskhetian Turks

Göçmenlerde veya Dezavantajlı Gruplarda Sosyal Umut ve Sosyal Umudun Belirleyicileri: Ahıska Türkleri Üzerine Bir Alan Çalışması

Öz

Umut; olumlu beklentileri ifade etmek için kullanılmakta ve bireylerin öz-yeterlilik ve iyimserlik hali olarak ifade edilmektedir. Sosyal umut, bireylerin ait oldukları toplum ve grup içinde iyi ve anlamlı yaşam ve geleceğe dair sosyal hayaller ve kolektif vizyonlara dair beklentileri ve inancı ifade eder. Sosyal altsınıfların ve özellikle göçmen bireylerin geleceğe olan inanç ve umutlarını artırmada sosyal kaynaşma, sosyal sermaye ve ekonomik beklentiler önemli birer faktör durumundadır. Sosyal sermaye ve sosyal kaynaşma, etnik veya sınıfsal eşitsizliklerin azaltılması veya ortadan kaldırılmasında birer manivela görevi görebilmektedir. Çalışma, göçmenler ve diğer dezavantajlı grupların sosyal umutları ile sosyal sermayeleri, sosyal kaynaşmaları ve ekonomik beklentileri arasında ilişkiyi tespit etmeye çalışması nedeniyle nüfusunun %10’u kadar göçmen barındıran Türkiye açısından önemlidir. Çalışma bulguları; “Sosyal Sermaye (SS)” ile “Sosyal Umut (SU)” arasında pozitif yönde ve çok yüksek düzeyde (γ = 0,51; t = 6,30) ilintinin varlığını tespit etmiştir. Yine, “Sosyal Kaynaşma (SK)” ile “Sosyal Umut (SU)” arasında pozitif yönde ve çok yüksek düzeyde (γ = 0.86; t = 11,12) bir ilinti ve “Ekonomik Beklenti (EB)” ve “Sosyal Umut (SU)” arasında pozitif yönde ve çok yüksek düzeyde (γ = 0,84; t = 12,04) bir ilinti saptamıştır. Göçmenler veya dezavantajlı gruplar için sosyal umudun varlığı, toplum içinde daha iyi yaşam ve başarı vizyonlarına ulaşabilme fırsat ve imkânlarının varlığına işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sosyal Umut
• Sosyal Sermaye
• Sosyal Kaynaşma
• Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli
• Ahıska Türkleri

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