Sağlık Çalışanlarında Mobbing ve Zorbalık: Cerrahi Bilimler Örneği

Yıl 2024, , 50 - 74, 30.04.2024

Celal Gökhan Osmanoğlu Fatih Orhan

https://doi.org/10.59007/meyadakademi.1458130

Öz

Bu çalışma, iş yerinde karşılaşılan zorbalık, taciz ve ayrımcılık gibi yaygın sorunları akademik bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Özellikle cerrahi ortamlarda sıkça karşılaşılan bu sorunların derinlemesine incelenmesiyle birlikte, bu tür olumsuz davranışların yaygınlığı ve ciddiyeti üzerinde durulmaktadır. Zorbalığın fiziksel saldırganlıkla, mobbingin ise küçük düşürücü davranışlarla karakterize edildiği vurgulanarak, bu iki kavram arasındaki fark açıklığa kavuşturulmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu tür olumsuz davranışların çalışanların zihinsel ve fiziksel sağlığı, iş tatmini ve genel iş yeri atmosferi üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Araştırma, özellikle kadın cerrahlar ve stajyerler arasında yaygın olan ciddi cinsiyet ayrımcılığı ve cinsel taciz sorununa da vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu tür ayrımcı ve saldırgan davranışların iş yerindeki eşitsizlikleri pekiştirdiğine işaret edilmektedir. Bu zararlı uygulamalarla mücadele etmek için, politika güçlendirmesi, eğitim programları ve hiyerarşik yeniden yapılandırma gibi kapsamlı stratejiler önerilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, hazırlanan bu araştırma cerrahi bilimlerde görev yapan tüm çalışanların refahı ve hasta bakımı için sağlıklı ve destekleyici bir çalışma ortamının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için sağlık kurumları ve profesyonellerinin ortak sorumluluk üstlenmeleri gerektiği belirtilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık Çalışanları, Mobbing, Bullying, Cerrahi Bilimler

MOBBING AND BULLYING IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS: THE CASE OF SURGICAL SCIENCES

Öz

This study examines common workplace issues such as bullying, harassment, and discrimination from an academic perspective. Particularly focusing on the thorough investigation of these issues often encountered in surgical environments, the prevalence and severity of such negative behaviors are highlighted. Emphasizing the distinction between bullying characterized by physical aggression and mobbing characterized by demeaning behaviors, clarity is provided on the difference between these two concepts. Furthermore, the study addresses the adverse effects of such negative behaviors on the mental and physical health of employees, job satisfaction, and overall workplace atmosphere. It specifically underscores the serious gender discrimination and sexual harassment issues prevalent among female surgeons and trainees. It is pointed out that such discriminatory and aggressive behaviors reinforce inequalities in the workplace. To combat these harmful practices, comprehensive strategies such as policy empowerment, educational programs, and hierarchical restructuring are recommended. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of a healthy and supportive work environment for the well-being of all personnel in the surgical sciences and for patient care. It is suggested that healthcare institutions and professionals share a joint responsibility in achieving this goal.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health Workers, Mobbing, Bullying, Surgical Sciences

Kaynakça

• 1. Yeşilada T. Mobbing. InDark Sides of Organizational Life 2023; pp. (20-35). Routledge.
• 2. Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Workplace bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff. Occupational and Environmental medicine. 2000;57(10):656-60. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.57.10.656
• 3. Brewer G, Holt B, Malik S. Workplace bullying in risk and safety professionals. Journal of safety research. 2018;64:129-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.015
• 4. Einarsen S, Hoel H, Notelaers G. Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work & stress. 2009;23(1):24-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673
• 5. Rayner C, Hoel H. A summary review of literature relating to workplace bullying. Journal of community & applied social psychology. 1997;7(3):181-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199706)7:3<181::AID-CASP416>3.0.CO;2-Y
• 6. Ling M, Young CJ, Shepherd HL, Mak C, Saw RP. Workplace bullying in surgery. World journal of surgery. 2016;40:2560-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-016-3642-7
• 7. Launer J. Bullying in the health service. Postgraduate medical journal. 2013;89(1051):307-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-131983
• 8. Carter M, Thompson N, Crampton P, Morrow G, Burford B, Gray C, Illing J. Workplace bullying in the UK NHS: a questionnaire and interview study on prevalence, impact and barriers to reporting. BMJ open. 2013;3(6): e002628. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002628
• 9. Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Vartia M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Workplace bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2003;60(10):779-83. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.10.779
• 10. Albuainain HM, Alqurashi MM, Alsadery HA, Alghamdi TA, Alghamdi AA, Alghamdi RA, Albaqami TA, Alghamdi SM. Workplace bullying in surgical environments in Saudi Arabia: A multiregional cross-sectional study. Journal of family and community medicine. 2022;29(2):125-31. DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_392_21
• 11. Nielsen MB, Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S. The impact of methodological moderators on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A meta‐analysis. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology. 2010;83(4):955-79. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X481256
• 12. Niedhammer I, Pineau E, Bertrais S. Study of the variation of the 12-month prevalence of exposure to workplace bullying across national French working population subgroups. International archives of occupational and environmental health. 2023;96(2):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-022-01916-x
• 13. Prevost C, Hunt E. Bullying and mobbing in academe: a literature. European Scientific Journal. 2018;14(8):15. Doi: 10.19044/esj. 2018.v14n8p1
• 14. Martin JT, Asimakopoulos D, Hornung AL, Toro SJ, Le Maitre CL, Chahine NO, Fields AJ, Gawri R, Giers MB, Smith LJ, Tang SY. Bullying, harassment, and discrimination of musculoskeletal researchers and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: an international study. European spine journal. 2023;32(6):1861-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023-07684-7
• 15. Munro CE, Phillips AW. Bullying in the workplace. Surgery (Oxford). 2020;38(10):653-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2020.07.012
• 16. Pei KY, Hafler J, Alseidi A, Slade MD, Klingensmith M, Cochran A. National assessment of workplace bullying among academic surgeons in the US. JAMA surgery. 2020;155(6):524-6. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0263
• 17. Jones JW, McCullough LB. Ethics of unprofessional behavior that disrupts: crossing the line. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(2):433-435. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2006.11.043
• 18. Jones JW, McCullough LB, Richman BW. Ethics and professionalism: do we need yet another surgeons’ charter? J Vasc Surg. 2006;44(4):903-906. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2006.07.028
• 19. Schlick CJ, Ellis RJ, Etkin CD, Greenberg CC, Greenberg JA, Turner PL, Buyske J, Hoyt DB, Nasca TJ, Bilimoria KY, Hu YY. Experiences of gender discrimination and sexual harassment among residents in general surgery programs across the US. JAMA surgery. 2021;156(10):942-52. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2021.3195
• 20. Einarsen S, Hoel H, Notelaers G. Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work & stress. 2009;23(1):24-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673
• 21. Jakobsson J, Axelsson M, Örmon K. The face of workplace violence: experiences of healthcare professionals in surgical hospital wards. Nursing research and practice. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1854387
• 22. Crebbin W, Campbell G, Hillis DA, Watters DA. Prevalence of bullying, discrimination and sexual harassment in surgery in A ustralasia. ANZ journal of surgery. 2015;85(12):905-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.13363
• 23. Akar NY, Anafarta N, Sarvan F. Causes, dimensions and organizational consequences of mobbing: An empirical study. Ege Academic Review. 2011;11(1):179-91.
• 24. Çobanoğlu Ş. Mobbing: İşyerinde duygusal saldırı ve mücadele yöntemleri. Timaş Yayınları; 2005.
• 25. Brodsky CM. The harassed worker. MA. 1976:180-190
• 26. Görgülü N, Beydağ KD, Şensoy F, Kıyak M. The effects of mobbing (bullying) on health employes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 152:503-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.196
• 27. Huang Y, Chua TC, Saw RP, Young CJ. Discrimination, bullying and harassment in surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World journal of surgery. 2018; 42:3867-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-018-4716-5
• 28. Manotas EM. Mobbing in organizations: analysis of particular cases in a higher education institution. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015; 191:1607-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.470
• 29. Chomczyński P. Mobbing from the standpoint of symbolic interactionism. Qualitative Sociology Review. 2020;16(4):52-62.
• 30. Metzger AM, Petit A, Sieber S. Mentoring as a way to change a culture of academic bullying and mobbing in the humanities. Higher education for the future. 2015;2(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631115584119
• 31. Duffy M. Preventing workplace mobbing and bullying with effective organizational consultation, policies, and legislation. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. 2009;61(3):242. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016578
• 32. Bonciu CĂ, Căprărescu GH. From stress to mobbing. Challenges of the Knowledge Society. Economics. 2012;1(1):1425-37.
• 33. Arnejčič B. Mobbing in company: Levels and typology. Organizacija. 2016;49(4):240-50. DOI: 10.1515/orga-2016-0021
• 34. Ferris PA. The role of the consulting psychologist in the prevention, detection, and correction of bullying and mobbing in the workplace. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. 2009;61(3):169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016783
• 35. Duffy M, Sperry L. Mobbing: Causes, consequences, and solutions. Oxford University Press; 2011 May 15.
• 36. Acar P, Kıyak M, Sine B. The relationship between organizational culture and mobbing: an application on construction companies. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health. 2014;29(4):281-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2014.956929
• 37. Cubela Adoric V, Kvartuc T. Effects of mobbing on justice beliefs and adjustment. European psychologist. 2007;12(4):261-71. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.4.261
• 38. Ekici D, Mert T. The effect of mobbing on organizational culture and organizational justice perception of nurses. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences. 2017;7(2):210-7.