Weed Control by Electromagnetic Radiation

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 29 - 36, 20.01.2016

Yasin Kitiş , Osman Çavuşoğlu

Öz

In recent years, the increasing environmental and health problems as a result of intensive pesticide use, the importance of the alternative methods for chemical control in agriculture are also
increased. Since all over the world the most widely used pesticide group constituted of herbicides, the value of alternative weed control managements is increased one more fold. One of
these alternative applications is using the electromagnetic waves for weed control. While some of these applications are put into practice in both field crops, fruit and vineyard and also nonagriculture areas, some of them are still in the research phase. Electromagnetic waves which are subject of the research and practice in weed control are investigated in six groups. Separated by wave size and frequency of these rays are as follow: UHF, microwave, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma and laser. Knowledge about the studies, mode of actions, applications in practice and obtained results about this topic that on continued researches has been reviewed in this article and it is aimed to be source for researchers and future studies that are also new for our country

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternative management, laser, microwave, UHF, weeds

Elektromanyetik Işınlarla Yabancı Ot Kontrolü

Öz

Yoğun pestisit kullanımının bir sonucu olarak son yıllarda artan çevre ve sağlık sorunlarıyla birlikte, tarımda kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif yöntemlerin de önemi artmıştır. Tüm dünyada en
fazla kullanılan pestisit grubunu herbisitlerin oluşturması, yabancı otlara karşı alınacak alternatif önlemlerin değerini bir kat daha artırmaktadır. Bu alternatif uygulamalardan biri de elektromanyetik ışınların yabancı ot mücadelesi amacıyla kullanılmasıdır. Gerek tarla tarımında, gerekse tarımsal üretimin önemli bir bileşeni olan meyvecilik ve bağ alanlarında ve gerekse tarım dışı alanlarda bu uygulamalardan bir bölümü pratiğe aktarılmışken, bir bölümü henüz araştırma safhasındadır. Yabancı ot kontrolünde araştırma ve uygulamaya konu olan elektromanyetik ışınlar altı grupta incelenmektedir. Dalga boyu ve frekanslarıyla birbirinden ayrılan bu ışınlar; UHF, mikrodalga, kızılötesi, morötesi, gama ve lazer ışınlarıdır. Üzerinde araştırmaların devam ettiği bu konu hakkında yapılan çalışmalar, etki mekanizmaları, sahadaki uygulamalar ve elde edilen sonuçlara ait bilgiler derlenerek, ülkemiz için de yeni olan bu konuda yapılacak çalışmalara ve araştırıcılara kaynak olması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternatif mücadele, lazer, mikrodalga, UHF, yabancı ot

Kaynakça

• Andreasen C, Hansen L, Streibig JC, 1999. The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on The Fresh Weight of Some Weeds and Crops. Weed Technology, 13(3): 554-560.
• Anonim, 2015a. The Electromagnetic Spectrum, The Physics Hypertextbook. Erişim tarihi: 13.10.2015. http://www.hypertextbook.com.
• Anonim, 2015b. World of Lasers. Erişim tarihi: 19.10.2015. http://www.worldoflasers.com/
• Ascard J, 1998. Comparison of Flaming and Infrared Radiation Techniques For Thermal Weed Control. Weed Research, 38: 69-76.
• Bowen HJM, Smith SR, 1959. Effect of Gamma-Radiation on Weeds. Nature, 183: 907.
• Brodie G, Pasma L, Bennett H, Harris G, Woodworth J, 2007a. Evaluation of Microwave Soil Pasteurization For Controlling Germination of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Seeds, Plant Protection Quarterly, 22: 150–154.
• Brodie G, 2007. Simultaneous Heat and Moisture Diffusion During Microwave Heating of Moist Wood. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 23(2): 179–187.
• Brodie G, Hamilton S, Woodworth J, 2007b. An Assessment of Microwave Soil Pasteurization For Killing Seeds and Weeds. Plant Protection Quarterly, 22(4): 143-149.
• Brodie G, Botta C, Woodworth J, 2007c. Preliminary Investigation Into Microwave Soil Pasteurization Using Wheat As a Test Species. Plant Protection Quarterly, 22(2): 72-75.
• Brodie G, Ryan C, Lancaster C, 2012. Microwave Technologies as Part of an IntegratedWeed Management Strategy: A Review. International Journal of Agronomy, 2012: 1-14.
• Brodie G, Hollins E, 2015. The Effect of Microwave Treatment on Ryegrass and Wild Radish Plants and Seeds. Global Journal of Agricultural Innovation, Research & Development, 2: 16-24.
• Cen YP, Bornman JF, 1993. The Effect of Exposure To Enhanced UV-B Radiation On The Penetration Of Monochromatic and Polychromatic UV-B Radiation In Leaves of Brassica napus. Physiologia Plantarum, 87(3): 249-255.
• Çavuşoğlu O, Kitiş YE, 2014. Robotlarla Yabancı Ot Kontrolü. Agrotime, 12: 78-79.
• Ghantous KM, Sandler HA, 2015. Hand-held Flame Cultivators For Spot Treatment Control of Soft Rush (Juncus effusus). Weed Technology, 29(1): 121-127.
• Güler Ç, Çobanoğlu Z, 1994. Elektromanyetik Radyasyon. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Gen. Müd. Yay. No: 32, 28 s., Ankara.
• Güncan A, 2013. Yabancı Otlar ve Mücadele Prensipleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 313 s., Konya.
• Heap IM, 1997. The Occurence of Herbicide-resistant Weeds Worldwide. Pesticide Science, 51: 235-243.
• Hockberger PE, 2002. A History of Ultraviolet Photobiology for Humans, Animals and Microorganisms. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 76(6): 561–579.
• Klooster JJ, 1983. Weed Control by Heat – An Interesting Alternative. Landbouwmechanisatie, 34(8): 787-789.
• Köksal F, Köseoğlu R, 2010. Spektroskopi ve Lazerlere Giriş. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 302 pp, Ankara.
• Ludig M, Cardei P, Muraru V, Mihailov N, 2014. Ways to Optimize The Electromagnetic Waves Applications in Agriculture and Food Industry. INMATEH-Agricultural Engineering, 42(1): 75-82.
• Lynch DK, Livingston W, 2001. Color and Light in Nature (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press. p. 231.
• Marx C, Barcikowski S, Hustedt M, Haferkamp H, Rath T, 2012. Design and Application of a Weed Damage Model For Laser-based Weed Control. Biosystems Engineering, 13(2): 148-157.
• Mathiassen SK, Bak T, Christensen S, Kudsk P, 2006. The Effect of Laser Treatment as a Weed Control Method. Biosystems Engineering 95 (4): 497–505
• Menges RM, Wayland JR, 1974. UHF Electromagnetic Energy For Weed Control In Vegetables. Weed Science, 22(6): 584-590.
• Milashchenko NZ, Izakov FY, Ionin PF, Matveev BA, Taratorin AS, 1980. The Possibility of Weed Control By The Use of an Ultra-high Frequency (UHF) Electromagnetic Field. Aktual’nye voprosy bor’by sornymi rasteniyami, 270-272.
• Osepchuk JM, 1984. A History of Microwave Heating Applications. Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 32(9): 1200-1224.
• Parish S, 1989a. Weed Control – Testing The Effects of Infrared Radiation. Agricultural Engineer, 44(2): 53-55.
• Parish S, 1989b. Investigations Into Thermal Techniques For Weed Control. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on Agricultural Engineering, 2151-2156.
• Pozar DM, 2012. Microwave Engineering. 4th Edition. Hamilton Printing, Wiley Inc. 732 pp, ABD.
• Rask AM, Kristoffersen, P., 2007. A Review of Non-chemical Weed Control on Hard Surfaces. Weed Research, 47: 370–380.
• Rice RP, Putnam AR, 1977. Some Factors Which Influence The Toxicity of UHF Energy To Weed Seeds. Weed Science, 25(2): 179-183.
• Silfvast WT, 2004. Lazer Fundementals. Cambiridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridege, UK.
• Sartorato I, Zanin G, Baldoin C, De Zanche C, 2006. Observations On The Potential of Microwaves For Weed Control. Weed Research, 46, 1-9.
• Sorrentino R, Bianchi G, 2010. Microwave and RF Engineering. Wiley Publising, 912pp, UK.
• Stark WS, Tan KEWP, 2008. Ultraviolet Light: Photosensitivity and Other Effects On The Visual System. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 36(3): 371-380.
• Strizhachenko LI, 1983. Electromagnetic Radiation for Weed Control. Kartofel’i Ovoshchi, 5: 38-39.
• Şahin H, 2014. Effects of Microwaves on the Germination of Weed Seeds. J. of Biosystems Eng. 39(4): 304-309.
• Tiryaki O, Canhilal R, Horuz S, 2010. Tarım İlaçları Kullanımı ve Riskleri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26(2): 154-169
• Upadhyaya MK, Blackshaw R, 2007. Non-chemical Weed Management: Principles, Concepts and Technology. CAB International, 211 pp, UK.
• Wayland J, Merkle M, Davis F, Menges RM, Robinson R, 1975. Control of Weeds With UHF Electromagnetic Fields. Weed Research, 15(1):1-5.