İnsan Hakları Hükümet Dışı Kuruluşlarının Uluslararası Hukuki Niteliği

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 2, 97 - 128, 27.12.2022

Muhammed Said Bilal

Öz

Küresel, bölgesel ve ulusal koruma mekanizmaları vasıtasıyla insan haklarının korunması günümüzde uluslar-üstü bir hüviyet kazanmıştır. Uluslararası örgütler, uzmanlık kuruluşları, bölgesel örgütler, devletler ve uluslararası hükümet dışı kuruluşlar insan hakları koruma mekanizmalarının en önemli aktörleridir. Hükümet dışı kuruluşların uluslararası hukuktaki rolleri genellikle önemli ancak gayri resmi olarak kabul edilir. Uluslararası hükümet dışı kuruluşların insan hakları koruma mekanizmalarındaki rolü anayasa hukuku bağlamında özgün ve ilgi çekici bir konudur. Zira insan haklarının korunmasında devleti merkeze alan anayasa hukukunun normatif yaklaşımı içerisinde insan haklarının korunmasında HDK’lerin etkinliğinin araştırılması anayasa hukuku sahasına yeni çalışma alanları kazandırabilme potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, insan hakları alanında faaliyet gösteren hükümet dışı kuruluşların uluslararası hukuk niteliğini ele almak suretiyle HDK’lerin uluslararası hukuk kişiliğini ve uluslararası hukuktaki hak ve yükümlülüklerini konu almaktadır. HDK’lere uluslararası hukuki kişilik bahşeden bir uluslararası sert hukuk belgesi bulunmamakla birlikte, bazı hukukçular HDK’lerin teamül kurallarından ve ikincil hukuk kurallarından kaynaklana nev-i şahsına münhasır bir uluslararası kişiliğe sahip olduğunu kabul etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası Hükümet Dışı Kuruluşlar, Uluslararası Hukuki Kişilik, İnsan Hakları, Hukuki Nitelik, Hak ve Yükümlülük

Kaynakça

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