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COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 15.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.24954/mjecon.2017.0

Abstract

The main aim of this paper is to examine the
impact of competition policies on promoting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
(MSMEs) in the developing countries. The business freedom index and trade
freedom index are used as proxies for competition policies in different
countries whereas data on the growth of SMEs are extracted from World
Enterprise Surveys. Panel data analysis is mainly employed to assess the impact
of competition policies on the evolvement of SMEs in the developing countries.
Results show that competition does not currently support small and medium
enterprises in the developing countries to grow and highlight the need to
formulate more comprehensive competition policies not just laws to support
MSMEs.

References

  • Ahmad, M., Ahmad, E., Kahut, M. B., and Murtaza, G. (2012). New Determination of Factors Affecting the Growth of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business , 4 (6): 513-530.
  • Akugri, M. S., Bagah, D. A., and Wulifan, J. K. (2015). The Contributions of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to Economic Growth: A Cross-Sectional study of Zebilla in the Bawku West District of Northern Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management , 7 (9): 262-274.
  • Ali El Dean, B., and Mohieldin, M. (2001). On the Formulation and Enforcement of Competition Law in Emerging Economies: The Case of Egypt. Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES).
  • Ali, S., Rashid, H., and Khan, M. A. (2014). The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises and Poverty in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Theoretical and Applied Economics , 21 (4(593)): 67-80.
  • Baltagi, B. H., and Wu: X. (1999). Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions with AR(1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory , 15: 814–823.
  • Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Levine, R. (2005). SMEs, Growth, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence. Journal of Economic Growth , 10: 199–229.
  • Creative Associates International. (2014). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Egypt: Entrepreneurship, Business Procedures and Value Chain Analysis. Cairo: Creative Associates International.
  • Don, H., Kemp, R., and Sinderen, J. v. (2008). Measuring the Economic Effects of Competition Law Enforcement. De Economist , 156 (4).
  • Edinburgh Group. (2013). Growing the Global Economy through SMEs. Edinburgh Group.
  • Egyptian Competition Authority. (2007). Annual Report 2006-2007.
  • El Kabbani, R. N., and Kalhoefer, C. (2011). Financing Resources for Egyptian Small and Medium Enterprises. Working Paper No. 28, Working Paper Series, Faculty of Management Technology, German Univeristy in Cairo.
  • El Saady, R. (2011). The Role of SMEs in Mediterranean Economies: The Egyptian Experience. Economy and Territory, Productive Structure and Labour Market: 224-227.
  • ElFar, M. (2014). Enforcement Policy of the Egyptian Competition Law: Vertical Relations. Thomson Reuters (Professional) (5): 209-215.
  • El-Said, H., Al-Said, M., and Zaki, C. (2014). Small and Medium Enterprises Landscape in Egypt: New Facts from a New Dataset. Journal of Business and Economics , 5(2): 142-161.
  • Eze, T. C., and Okpala, C. S. (2015). Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises on the Growth of Nigerian Economy: (1993-2011). International Journal of Development and Emerging Economics , 3 (1): 26-38.
  • Fjose, S., Grünfeld, L. A., and Green, C. (2010). SMEs and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Identifying SME Roles and Obstacles to SME Growth. MENON Business Economics.
  • Fouad, M. A. (2013). Factors Affecting the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Manufacturing Sector of Cairo, Egypt. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5 (2): 157-166.
  • Ghoneim, A. F. (2002). Competition Law and Competition Policy: What Does Egypt Really Need? Economic Research Forum.
  • Godfrey, N. (2008). Why is Competition Important for Growth and Poverty Reduction? Paper Presented at the OECD Global Forum on International Investment, Session 1.3.: Competition policy, 27-28 March 2008.
  • Gomaa, M. M. (2014). Competition and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to MENA Countries. Topics in Middle E astern and African Economies , 16 (2): 182-213.
  • Govori, A. (2013). Analysis of External Factors Affecting the Development of SMEs in Kosovo. MPRA Paper No. 47230.
  • Gujrati, R. (2013). The Role of SME’s in the Economic Development. Masters International Journal of Management Research and Development , 1 (1): 86-97.
  • Harvie, C. (2001). Competition Policy and SMEs in Vietnam. Working Paper 01-10, Department of Economics, University of Wollongong.
  • Harvie, C. (2006). SMEs and Economic Development - Role, Contribution and Policy Issues. Presented at the Young Leaders Training Program for Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific.
  • Harvie, C. (2003). The Contribution of Micro-enterprises to Economic Recovery and Poverty Alleviation in East Asia. Working Paper 03-07, Department of Economics, University of Wollongong.
  • Heritage foundation. (2016). 2016 Index of Economic Freedom: Business Freedom. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/index/business-freedom
  • Heritage Foundation. (2016). 2016 Index of Economic Freedom: Trade Freedom. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/index/trade-freedom
  • Heritage Foundation. (2015). Business Freedom and Trade Freedom. Retrieved from Index of Economic Freedom: http://www.heritage.org/index
  • International Labour Office. (2015). Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Decent and Productive Employment Creation. Geneva: International Labour Office.
  • Katua, N. T. (2014). The Role of SMEs in Employment Creation and Economic Growth in. International Journal of Education and Research , 2 (12): 461-472.
  • Khan, M. W., and Khalique, M. (2014). An Overview of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia and Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Scenario. Business and Management Horizons , 2 (2): 38-49.
  • Koźluk, T. (2009). Promoting Competition to Strengthen Economic Growth in Belgium. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 736, OECD Publishing.
  • Kushnir, K., Mirmulstein, M. L., and Ramalho, R. (2010). Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Around the World: How Many Are There, and What Affects the Count? World Bank/IFC.
  • Lall, S. (2000). Strengthening SMEs for International Competitiveness. Prepared for the Egyptian Centre for Economic Studies Workshop on "What Makes Your Firm Internationally Competitive?", March 6-8, 2000, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Leegwater, A., and Shaw, A. (2008). The Role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Regression Analysis. Washington, DC: USAID.
  • Loewe, M., Al-Ayouty, I., Altpeter, A., Borbein, L., Chantelauze, M., Kern, M., et al. (2013). Which Factors Determine the Upgrading of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)? The Case of Egypt. Bonn: German Development Institute.
  • Nagarajan, G. (2008). Microenterprises in Bangladesh: Contribution to Economic Growth. USAID.
  • Nasr, S., and Pearce, D. (2012). SMEs for Job Creation in the Arab World: SME Access to Financial Services. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Nellist, R. (2007). Why is Competition Important for Growth and Poverty Reduction in Africa? Donor Committee for Enterprise Development, Business Environment Working Group, 5 – 7 November 2007, Accra, Ghana.
  • OECD. (2012). Annual Report on Competition Policy Developments in Egypt-2011. OECD.
  • OECD. (2014). Annual Report on Competition Policy Developments in Egypt-2013-. OECD.
  • OECD. (2013). Competition and Poverty Reduction: Contribution from the United States. OECD. OECD. (2004). Promoting SMES for Development. Paris: OECD.
  • Pardo, M. (2007). Competition Policy and SMEs: Three Issues for Discussion.
  • Quartey: (2001). Regulation, Competition and Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries. Oxford, UK: Centre on Regulation and Competition, Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester.
  • Scopelliti, A. D. (2009). Competition and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis for a Panel of 20 OECD Countries. MPRA Paper 20127, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Tarmidi, L. T. (2005). The Importance of MSEs in Economic Development of Developing APEC Countries. Paper presented at the APEC Study Center Consortium Conference, 22-25 May 2005, Jeju, Korea.
  • Torres-Reyna, O. (2007). Panel Data Analysis Fixed and Random Effects using Stata (v. 4.2).
  • UNCTAD. (2010). The Role of Competition Policy in Promoting Economic Development: The Appropriate Design and Effectiveness of Competition Law and Policy. Sixth United Nations Conference to Review All Aspects of the Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices, Item 6 (a) of the provisional agenda, 8–12 November 2010, Geneva.
  • Vesterdorf: L. (2001). Competition Policy and SMEs: The Case of Denmark. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Federation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.
  • Voigt, S. (2009). The Economic Effects of Competition Policy – Cross-Country Evidence Using Four New Indicators. Journal of Development Studies , 45 (8): 1225-1248.
  • Waldinger, F. (2014). Lecture 2: Panel Data. Advanced Econometric Theory, Lecture Slides, Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
  • White, L. J. (2008). The Role of Competition Policy in the Promotion of Economic Growth. New York University Center for Law and Economics, New York University School of Law.
  • Williams, R. (2016). Panel Data 4: Fixed Effects vs Random Effects Models. Lecture Notes, Last Revised March 29, 2016, University of Notre Dame.
  • World Bank. (2015). Enterprise Surveys. Retrieved from http://www.enterprisesurveys.org
  • World Bank. (2016, October 3). Enterprise Surveys. Retrieved from World Bank: http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/enterprise-surveys
  • Youssef, I. (2014). Small and Medium Enterprises and Access to Finance in Egypt. A Thesis Submitted to the Public Policy and Administration Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Policy and Administration Supervised by: Dr. Jennifer Bremer.
Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 15.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.24954/mjecon.2017.0

Abstract

References

  • Ahmad, M., Ahmad, E., Kahut, M. B., and Murtaza, G. (2012). New Determination of Factors Affecting the Growth of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business , 4 (6): 513-530.
  • Akugri, M. S., Bagah, D. A., and Wulifan, J. K. (2015). The Contributions of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to Economic Growth: A Cross-Sectional study of Zebilla in the Bawku West District of Northern Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management , 7 (9): 262-274.
  • Ali El Dean, B., and Mohieldin, M. (2001). On the Formulation and Enforcement of Competition Law in Emerging Economies: The Case of Egypt. Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES).
  • Ali, S., Rashid, H., and Khan, M. A. (2014). The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises and Poverty in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Theoretical and Applied Economics , 21 (4(593)): 67-80.
  • Baltagi, B. H., and Wu: X. (1999). Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions with AR(1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory , 15: 814–823.
  • Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Levine, R. (2005). SMEs, Growth, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence. Journal of Economic Growth , 10: 199–229.
  • Creative Associates International. (2014). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Egypt: Entrepreneurship, Business Procedures and Value Chain Analysis. Cairo: Creative Associates International.
  • Don, H., Kemp, R., and Sinderen, J. v. (2008). Measuring the Economic Effects of Competition Law Enforcement. De Economist , 156 (4).
  • Edinburgh Group. (2013). Growing the Global Economy through SMEs. Edinburgh Group.
  • Egyptian Competition Authority. (2007). Annual Report 2006-2007.
  • El Kabbani, R. N., and Kalhoefer, C. (2011). Financing Resources for Egyptian Small and Medium Enterprises. Working Paper No. 28, Working Paper Series, Faculty of Management Technology, German Univeristy in Cairo.
  • El Saady, R. (2011). The Role of SMEs in Mediterranean Economies: The Egyptian Experience. Economy and Territory, Productive Structure and Labour Market: 224-227.
  • ElFar, M. (2014). Enforcement Policy of the Egyptian Competition Law: Vertical Relations. Thomson Reuters (Professional) (5): 209-215.
  • El-Said, H., Al-Said, M., and Zaki, C. (2014). Small and Medium Enterprises Landscape in Egypt: New Facts from a New Dataset. Journal of Business and Economics , 5(2): 142-161.
  • Eze, T. C., and Okpala, C. S. (2015). Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises on the Growth of Nigerian Economy: (1993-2011). International Journal of Development and Emerging Economics , 3 (1): 26-38.
  • Fjose, S., Grünfeld, L. A., and Green, C. (2010). SMEs and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Identifying SME Roles and Obstacles to SME Growth. MENON Business Economics.
  • Fouad, M. A. (2013). Factors Affecting the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Manufacturing Sector of Cairo, Egypt. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5 (2): 157-166.
  • Ghoneim, A. F. (2002). Competition Law and Competition Policy: What Does Egypt Really Need? Economic Research Forum.
  • Godfrey, N. (2008). Why is Competition Important for Growth and Poverty Reduction? Paper Presented at the OECD Global Forum on International Investment, Session 1.3.: Competition policy, 27-28 March 2008.
  • Gomaa, M. M. (2014). Competition and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to MENA Countries. Topics in Middle E astern and African Economies , 16 (2): 182-213.
  • Govori, A. (2013). Analysis of External Factors Affecting the Development of SMEs in Kosovo. MPRA Paper No. 47230.
  • Gujrati, R. (2013). The Role of SME’s in the Economic Development. Masters International Journal of Management Research and Development , 1 (1): 86-97.
  • Harvie, C. (2001). Competition Policy and SMEs in Vietnam. Working Paper 01-10, Department of Economics, University of Wollongong.
  • Harvie, C. (2006). SMEs and Economic Development - Role, Contribution and Policy Issues. Presented at the Young Leaders Training Program for Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific.
  • Harvie, C. (2003). The Contribution of Micro-enterprises to Economic Recovery and Poverty Alleviation in East Asia. Working Paper 03-07, Department of Economics, University of Wollongong.
  • Heritage foundation. (2016). 2016 Index of Economic Freedom: Business Freedom. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/index/business-freedom
  • Heritage Foundation. (2016). 2016 Index of Economic Freedom: Trade Freedom. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/index/trade-freedom
  • Heritage Foundation. (2015). Business Freedom and Trade Freedom. Retrieved from Index of Economic Freedom: http://www.heritage.org/index
  • International Labour Office. (2015). Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Decent and Productive Employment Creation. Geneva: International Labour Office.
  • Katua, N. T. (2014). The Role of SMEs in Employment Creation and Economic Growth in. International Journal of Education and Research , 2 (12): 461-472.
  • Khan, M. W., and Khalique, M. (2014). An Overview of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia and Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Scenario. Business and Management Horizons , 2 (2): 38-49.
  • Koźluk, T. (2009). Promoting Competition to Strengthen Economic Growth in Belgium. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 736, OECD Publishing.
  • Kushnir, K., Mirmulstein, M. L., and Ramalho, R. (2010). Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Around the World: How Many Are There, and What Affects the Count? World Bank/IFC.
  • Lall, S. (2000). Strengthening SMEs for International Competitiveness. Prepared for the Egyptian Centre for Economic Studies Workshop on "What Makes Your Firm Internationally Competitive?", March 6-8, 2000, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Leegwater, A., and Shaw, A. (2008). The Role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Regression Analysis. Washington, DC: USAID.
  • Loewe, M., Al-Ayouty, I., Altpeter, A., Borbein, L., Chantelauze, M., Kern, M., et al. (2013). Which Factors Determine the Upgrading of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)? The Case of Egypt. Bonn: German Development Institute.
  • Nagarajan, G. (2008). Microenterprises in Bangladesh: Contribution to Economic Growth. USAID.
  • Nasr, S., and Pearce, D. (2012). SMEs for Job Creation in the Arab World: SME Access to Financial Services. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Nellist, R. (2007). Why is Competition Important for Growth and Poverty Reduction in Africa? Donor Committee for Enterprise Development, Business Environment Working Group, 5 – 7 November 2007, Accra, Ghana.
  • OECD. (2012). Annual Report on Competition Policy Developments in Egypt-2011. OECD.
  • OECD. (2014). Annual Report on Competition Policy Developments in Egypt-2013-. OECD.
  • OECD. (2013). Competition and Poverty Reduction: Contribution from the United States. OECD. OECD. (2004). Promoting SMES for Development. Paris: OECD.
  • Pardo, M. (2007). Competition Policy and SMEs: Three Issues for Discussion.
  • Quartey: (2001). Regulation, Competition and Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries. Oxford, UK: Centre on Regulation and Competition, Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester.
  • Scopelliti, A. D. (2009). Competition and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis for a Panel of 20 OECD Countries. MPRA Paper 20127, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Tarmidi, L. T. (2005). The Importance of MSEs in Economic Development of Developing APEC Countries. Paper presented at the APEC Study Center Consortium Conference, 22-25 May 2005, Jeju, Korea.
  • Torres-Reyna, O. (2007). Panel Data Analysis Fixed and Random Effects using Stata (v. 4.2).
  • UNCTAD. (2010). The Role of Competition Policy in Promoting Economic Development: The Appropriate Design and Effectiveness of Competition Law and Policy. Sixth United Nations Conference to Review All Aspects of the Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices, Item 6 (a) of the provisional agenda, 8–12 November 2010, Geneva.
  • Vesterdorf: L. (2001). Competition Policy and SMEs: The Case of Denmark. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Federation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.
  • Voigt, S. (2009). The Economic Effects of Competition Policy – Cross-Country Evidence Using Four New Indicators. Journal of Development Studies , 45 (8): 1225-1248.
  • Waldinger, F. (2014). Lecture 2: Panel Data. Advanced Econometric Theory, Lecture Slides, Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
  • White, L. J. (2008). The Role of Competition Policy in the Promotion of Economic Growth. New York University Center for Law and Economics, New York University School of Law.
  • Williams, R. (2016). Panel Data 4: Fixed Effects vs Random Effects Models. Lecture Notes, Last Revised March 29, 2016, University of Notre Dame.
  • World Bank. (2015). Enterprise Surveys. Retrieved from http://www.enterprisesurveys.org
  • World Bank. (2016, October 3). Enterprise Surveys. Retrieved from World Bank: http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/enterprise-surveys
  • Youssef, I. (2014). Small and Medium Enterprises and Access to Finance in Egypt. A Thesis Submitted to the Public Policy and Administration Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Policy and Administration Supervised by: Dr. Jennifer Bremer.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Samar Abdelmageed This is me

Publication Date March 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Abdelmageed, S. (2017). COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?. Marmara İktisat Dergisi, 1(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.24954/mjecon.2017.0
AMA Abdelmageed S. COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?. mje. March 2017;1(1):1-19. doi:10.24954/mjecon.2017.0
Chicago Abdelmageed, Samar. “COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?”. Marmara İktisat Dergisi 1, no. 1 (March 2017): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.24954/mjecon.2017.0.
EndNote Abdelmageed S (March 1, 2017) COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?. Marmara İktisat Dergisi 1 1 1–19.
IEEE S. Abdelmageed, “COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?”, mje, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 2017, doi: 10.24954/mjecon.2017.0.
ISNAD Abdelmageed, Samar. “COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?”. Marmara İktisat Dergisi 1/1 (March 2017), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.24954/mjecon.2017.0.
JAMA Abdelmageed S. COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?. mje. 2017;1:1–19.
MLA Abdelmageed, Samar. “COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?”. Marmara İktisat Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1-19, doi:10.24954/mjecon.2017.0.
Vancouver Abdelmageed S. COMPETITION POLICIES AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INCENTIVES OR BARRIERS?. mje. 2017;1(1):1-19.