Electrochemical Detection of Cadmium and Lead in Rice on Manganese dioxide Reinforced Carboxylated Graphene Oxide Nanofilm

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 96 - 109, 24.12.2018

İlknur Üstündağ Aslı Erkal Zafer Üstündağ , Ali Osman Solak

Abstract

Manganese dioxide decorated carboxylated graphene
oxide (Mn-GO-COOH) attached onto the glassy carbon (GC) electrode to develop a
new method for the simultaneous determination of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺
ions in rice samples. Graphene oxide (GO) was attached on 4-aminophenyl
covalently modified glassy carbon surface via amide reaction. As-prepared modified
material was characterized with XPS, SEM and electrochemical methods. A novel
differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (DPASV) method was developed
for the simultaneous determination of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ on
the GC/Mn-GO-COOH nanoplatform electrode. A linear response was found for the
heavy metals in the range from 5 to 100 mg/L. The limit of detections (LODs) of Cd²⁺ and
Pb²⁺ were 0.04 mg/L and 0.08 mg/L respectively. Manganese dioxide decorated
carboxylated graphene oxide electrode was applied to the detection of Cd²⁺
and Pb²⁺ present in different rice samples by developed
voltammetric method, and the accessed results were found to be in accordance
with that of ICP-OES.

Keywords

: Heavy metals, food analysis, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry

References

• [1] Keawkim, K., et al., Determination of lead and cadmium in rice samples by sequential injection/anodic stripping voltammetry using a bismuth film/crown ether/Nafion modified screen-printed carbon electrode. Food Control, 31, (2013), 14-21.
• [2] Qiao, J., et al., EDTA-assisted leaching of Pb and Cd from contaminated soil. Chemosphere, 167, (2017), 422-428.
• [3] Koduru, J.R. and K.D. Lee, Evaluation of thiosemicarbazone derivative as chelating agent for the simultaneous removal and trace determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in food and water samples. Food Chemistry, 150, (2014), 1-8.
• [4] Çelik, G.K., et al., 3,8-Diaminobenzo[c]Cinnoline Derivatived Graphene Oxide Modified Graphene Oxide Sensor for the Voltammetric Determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+. Electrocatalysis. 7, (2016), 207-214.
• [5] Wu, Y., et al., The effective determination of Cd(ii) and Pb(ii) simultaneously based on an aluminum silicon carbide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite electrode. Analyst, 142, (2017), 2741-2747.
• [6] Guo, Z., et al., Simultaneous determination of trace Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry using a reduced graphene oxide-chitosan/poly-l-lysine nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 190, (2017) 11-22.
• [7] Wei, Y., et al., SnO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for the Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Cadmium(II), Lead(II), Copper(II), and Mercury(II): An Interesting Favorable Mutual Interference. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 116 (2012) 1034-1041.
• [8] Xuan, X., M.F. Hossain, and J.Y. Park, A Fully Integrated and Miniaturized Heavy-metal-detection Sensor Based on Micro-patterned Reduced Graphene Oxide. Sci Rep. 6 (2016) 33125.
• [9] White, R.L., et al., Comparative studies on copper adsorption by graphene oxide and functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 85 (2018), 18-28
• [10] Meng, N., et al., Carboxylated graphene oxide functionalized with β-cyclodextrin—Engineering of a novel nanohybrid drug carrier. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 93 (2016) 117-122.
• [11] Sun, X., et al., Nano-Graphene Oxide for Cellular Imaging and Drug Delivery. Nano Res, 1 (2008), 203-212.
• [12] Yu, L., et al., Graphene oxide and carboxylated graphene oxide: Viable two-dimensional nanolabels for lateral flow immunoassays. Talanta. 165 (2017) 167-175.
• [13] Kalfa, O.M., et al., Analysis of tincal ore waste by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) Technique. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 103, (2007) 424-427.
• [14] Üstündağ, Z., İ. Üstündağ, and Y. Kağan Kadıoğlu, Multi-element analysis of pyrite ores using polarized energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 65, (2007) 809-813.
• [15] Üstündağ, İ., et al., Geochemical compositions of trona samples by PEDXRF and their identification under confocal Raman spectroscopy: Beypazarı-Ankara, Turkey. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 254, (2007), 153-159.
• [16] Paus, P.E., Determination of some heavy metals in sea water by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie. 264, (1973), 118-122.
• [17] Martinez–Lopez, C., M. Sakayanagi, and J.R. Almirall, Elemental analysis of packaging tapes by LA-ICP-MS and LIBS. Forensic Chemistry, 2018.[18] Xia, J., et al., Lead speciation analysis in rice by reversed phase chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 60, (2017), 74-80.
• [19] Silwana, B., et al., Amperometric determination of cadmium, lead, and mercury metal ions using a novel polymer immobilised horseradish peroxidase biosensor system. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 13, (2014), 1501-11.
• [20] Wei, J., et al., Ultrasensitive and Ultraselective Impedimetric Detection of Cr(VI) Using Crown Ethers as High-Affinity Targeting Receptors. Analytical Chemistry, 2015. 87(3): p. 1991-1998.
• [21] Üstündağ, İ., et al., Gold nanoparticle included graphene oxide modified electrode: Picomole detection of metal ions in seawater by stripping voltammetry. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2016. 71(7): p. 685-695.
• [22] Erkal, A., et al., An Electrochemical Application of MnO2 Decorated Graphene Supported Glassy Carbon Ultrasensitive Electrode: Pb2+ and Cd2+ Analysis of Seawater Samples. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2015. 162(4): p. H213-H219.
• [23] Üstündağ, İ. and A. Erkal, Determination of Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid on Digitonin-Doped Coal Tar Pitch Carbonaceous Electrode. Sensors and Materials. 29, (2017), 85-94.
• [24] Yavuz, S., et al., Carbonaceous Materials-12: a Novel Highly Sensitive Graphene Oxide-Based Carbon Electrode: Preparation, Characterization, and Heavy Metal Analysis in Food Samples. Food Analytical Methods. 9, (2016), 322-331.
• [25] Erkal, A., et al., Electrografting and Surface Properties of Some Substituted Nitrophenols on Glassy Carbon Electrode and Simultaneous Pb2+ - Cd2+ Analysis via Assist of Graphene Oxide Terminated Surface. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 161, (2014), H696-H704.
• [26] Ye, Q.-Y., et al., Determination of Trace Cadmium in Rice by Flow Injection On-Line Filterless Precipitation-Dissolution Preconcentration Coupled with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, (2003), 2111-2114.
• [27] Muthoosamy, K., et al., Exceedingly biocompatible and thin-layered reduced graphene oxide nanosheets using an eco-friendly mushroom extract strategy. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 10 (2015), 1505-1519.
• [28] Bocchetta, P., et al., Accurate Assessment of the Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalytic Activity of Mn/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites Based on Rotating Disk Electrode Measurements, Complemented with Multitechnique Structural Characterizations. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 203, (2016), 1-16.
• [29] Priya, T., et al., A novel voltammetric sensor for the simultaneous detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ using graphene oxide/κ-carrageenan/l-cysteine nanocomposite. Carbohydrate Polymers. 182, (2018), 199-206.
• [30] Wang, Z., et al., Electrochemical determination of lead and cadmium in rice by a disposable bismuth/electrochemically reduced graphene/ionic liquid composite modified screen-printed electrode. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 199, (2014), 7-14.
• [31] Vu, H.D., et al., Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ using interpenetrated MWCNT/P1,5-DAN as an enhanced sensing interface. Ionics. 21, (2014), 571-578.
• [32] Buica, G.-O., et al., Voltammetric sensing of lead and cadmium using poly(4-azulen-1-yl-2,6-bis(2-thienyl)pyridine) complexing films. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 693, (2013), 67-72.
• [33] Huang, H., et al., Ultrasensitive and simultaneous detection of heavy metal ions based on three-dimensional graphene-carbon nanotubes hybrid electrode materials. Analytica Chimica Acta. 852,(2014), 45-54.
• [34] Xiao, L., et al., An efficient electrochemical sensor based on three-dimensionally interconnected mesoporous graphene framework for simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Electrochimica Acta. 222, (2016), 1371-1377.