Study on antimony cake as a technogenic raw material for the production of antimony oxides

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 136 - 141, 06.12.2021

Zarlık Maymekov Zhyldyz Tunguchbekova Kubat Kemelov Uran Maymekov Damira Sambaeva

https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.910090

Abstract

In the process of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical production of antimony at the Kadamzhai antimony plant of the Kyrgyz Republic, large-tonnage waste was generated: tailing sand, matte, slag, off-balance ore, cakes, furnace fragments, and electrolytes in salt warehouses. The waste cake is poorly studied; accordingly, the elemental and phase compositions of antimony cake have not been established. In this regard, it was noted that antimony in the cake occurs in the form of calcium antimonate and antimony hydroxide. The content of antimony in the mine tailings cakes is from 3.53 to 4.4%, with a high content of iron (27.5%) and sodium (8.86%). Based on the established elemental and phase compositions, a chemical matrix of antimony cake was compiled. The equilibrium compositions were calculated and the concentration distribution of the main elements of the cake (Fe, Na, Si, Sb) and their compounds in the gas phase was found depending on the temperature of the destruction of the solid phase. It was found that condensed antimony oxides are formed in the range of 1098 - 1348 K. Taking into account the range of temperatures for decomposition of the solid phase, a two-stage smelting of antimony cake is proposed (melting and cupellation). The conversion of antimony cake sulfides from the gas phase into a solution was carried out based on a study of the system: antimony sulfide- manganese (IV) dioxide- sulfuric acid - sodium chloride. The pH value and the redox potential (Eh) of the solution were calculated. It is noted that the sulfur compounds of antimony from the cake are converted to antimony oxychloride with the formation of antimony (III) oxide in an alkaline medium. The use of sodium chloride as a chlorinating agent of antimony sulfur compounds does not lead to the formation of toxic phosgene and hydrogen sulfide; in the solid phase, elemental sulfur is released, which is important for minimizing the technogenic load of pollutants on the environment.

Keywords

Kadamzhai antimony, antimony cake, modeling, complex system, waste, environment

References

• He M.C., Wang X.Q., Wu F.C., Fu Z.Y., “Antimony pollution in China”, Science of the Total Environment, vol. 421-422, (2012), pp. 41-50.
• Wan X.M., Tandy S., Hockmann K., Schulin R., “Changes in Sb speciation with waterlogging of shooting range soils and impacts on plant uptake”, Environmental Pollution, vol. 172, (2013), pp, 53-60.
• Xuejun G., Kunpeng W., Mengchang H., Ziwei L., Hailin Y., Sisi L., “Antimony smelting process generating solid wastes and dust: Characterization and leaching behaviors”, Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 26, (2014), pp. 1549-1556.
• Wilson S. C., Lockwood P. V., Ashley P. M., Tighe M., “The chemistry and behavior of antimony in the soil environment with comparisons to arsenic: A critical review”, Environmental Pollution, vol. 158, (2010), pp. 1169-1181.
• Yang H., He M., Wang X., “Concentration and speciation of antimony and arsenic in soil profiles around the world’s largest antimony metallurgical area in China”, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, vol. 37(1), (2014), pp. 21-33.
• Zhu J., Wu F., Pan X., Guo J., “Removal of Antimony from Antimony Mine Flotation Wastewater by Electrocoagulation With Aluminum Electrodes”, Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 23. (7), (2011), pp. 1066-1071.
• Miao Y., Han F., Pan B., Niu Y., Nie G., Lv L., “Antimony (V) removal from water by hydrated ferric oxides supported by calcite sand and polymeric anion exchanger”, Environmental Sciences, pol. 26, (2014), pp. 307-314.
• Li X., Dou X., Li J., “Antimony(V) removal from water by iron-zirconium bimetal oxide: Performance and mechanism”, Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 24(7), (2012), pp. 1197-1203.
• Qi P.F., Pichler T., “Sequential and simultaneous adsorption of Sb (III) and Sb(V) on ferrihydrite: Implications for oxidation and competition”, Chemosphere, vol. 145, (2016), pp. 55-60.
• Indika H., Meththika V., Jochen B., “Antimony as a global dilemma: Geochemistry, mobility, fate and transport”, Environmental Pollution, vol. 223, (2017), pp. 545-559.
• Wang H.W., Li X.Y., Li W.H., Sun Y.L., “Effects of pH and complexing agents on Sb(V) adsorption onto binessite and ferrihydrite surface”, Environmental Science, vol. 38, (2017), pp. 180-187.
• Bolshakov L.A., Salimzhanova E.V., Yuryev A.I., “Studies on the possibility of reducing the content of non-ferrous metals in mine tailings ferrous cakes”, Ore and metals, 6, (2013), pp. 65 - 68.
• Maymekov Z.K., Sambaeva D.A., Shabdanova E.A., “Ecological aspects of antimony production and some ways to minimize the formation of man-made waste in them”, KNAU Bulletin, vol. 2 (29), (2013), pp. 227-228.
• Solozhenkin P.M., Zinchenko Z.A., “Enrichment of antimony ores”, Nauka, 1985, pp. 180
• Ochurool A.P., Shoeva T.N., The study of the composition and properties of the cake, Collected Works of Tuva State University, 2015, pp. 198-199.
• Kozhonov A.K., Nogayeva K.A., Molmakova M.S., “Review and classification of industrial wastes from ore deposits of the Kyrgyz Republic”, News KSTU. I.Razzakov, vol.3 (39), (2016), pp.259 - 263.
• Akimenko D.O., Pashkevich M.A., “Estimates of the influence of the cake mine tailings on the components of the environment and the possibility of its full processing, as a technogenic deposit of CJSC ZSU”, Mountain science and technology, vol. 8, (2011) pp. 3-8.
• Knyazev A.V., Suleymanov E.V., Fundamentals of X-ray phase analysis. Study guide. Nizhny Novgorod, 2005, pp. 23
• Trusov B.G., Badrak S.A., Turov V.P., Baryshevskaya I.I., “Automated system of thermodynamic data and calculations of equilibrium states”, Mathematical methods of chemical thermodynamics, (1982), pp. 213-219.
• Кarpov I.K., Chudnenko K.V., Kulik D.A., Bychinskii V.A., “The convex programming minimization of five thermodynamic potential other than Gibbs energy in geochemical modeling”, Amer. J. Sci, vol 302, (2002), pp. 281-311.