Arşiv Belgeleri Işığında Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanununa Vatikan’ın Tepkisi

Abstract

In the 19th century, both minorities who were Ottoman subjects and Christians belonging to foreign subjects opened schools all over the Ottoman Empire through missionaries. The aim of foreign states in establishing these schools was not only to spread their own sects. The schools were used as a means of worldly influence with economic-social-cultural dimensions that went far beyond religious dimensions. At the same time, these schools contributed to the formation of an educated middle class of Christian minorities. The missionary schools, especially Catholic schools, were under the patronage of France. France skillfully used these schools to exert influence in the Ottoman geography. With the outbreak of the First World War, it was decided to close down the Catholic schools under the auspices of France, which had the status of an enemy state. However, with the intervention of the Pope, the protection of the schools was transferred to the Vatican. Although missionary schools were subjected to certain rules and regulations at the Lausanne Conference, these schools again posed a problem for the young Republic of Turkey, which was becoming a secularized country. The problem of Catholic missionary schools could only be solved with the mediation of the Vatican within certain criteria

Keywords

• Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu
• Vatikan
• Fransa
• Yabancı Okullar
• Kapitülasyonlar

The Vatican's Reaction to the Tawhid-i Tedrisat Law in the Light of Archival Documents

Abstract

In the 19th century, both minorities who were Ottoman subjects and Christians belonging to foreign subjects opened schools all over the Ottoman Empire through missionaries. The aim of foreign states in establishing these schools was not only to spread their own sects. The schools were used as a means of worldly influence with economic-social-cultural dimensions that went far beyond religious dimensions. At the same time, these schools contributed to the formation of an educated middle class of Christian minorities. The missionary schools, especially Catholic schools, were under the patronage of France. France skillfully used these schools to exert influence in the Ottoman geography. With the outbreak of the First World War, it was decided to close down the Catholic schools under the auspices of France, which had the status of an enemy state. However, with the intervention of the Pope, the protection of the schools was transferred to the Vatican. Although missionary schools were subjected to certain rules and regulations at the Lausanne Conference, these schools again posed a problem for the young Republic of Turkey, which was becoming a secularized country. The problem of Catholic missionary schools could only be solved with the mediation of the Vatican within certain criteria

Keywords

• Law on Unification of Education
• Vatican
• France
• Foreign Schools
• capitulations

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