Tehdit Edilmiş Erkeklikler: Ruanda Kırsalındaki Erkeklerin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Deneyimleri

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kırsalda yaşayan Ruanda erkeklerinin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği kanun ve siyasalarını gündelik hayatlarında nasıl deneyimlediklerini analiz etmektedir. Geleneksel Ruanda toplumunun, erkek egemeliği ve kadının ikincil konumda oluşu ile neticelenmiş ataerkil bir sosyal yapısı vardır. 1994 Tutsi soykırımından sonra uygulamaya konulmuş olan yeni anayasa, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin önemini tanırken kadının korunmasını kanun kapsamına alan özel yasal koşulları da içeriyordu. Erkeklerin Ruanda’da değişen güç dinamikleri ile olan deneyimlerini Kamonyi bölgesinde yapılmış olan odak grup tartışmalarından hareketle analiz ettim. Erkeklerin bu bağlamda anlattıkları iki temel hikaye ortaya çıktı: ailenin mülkiyetini arttırdığı için kadının veraset hakkını elde etmesini ve erkeğin ailenin temel geçim merkezi olma yükünü hafiflettiği için kadının yeni iş imkanlarına kavuşmuş olmasını takdir ediyorlar. Buna rağmen, yeni çıkarılan kanunlarda erkeğin çıkarlarının göz ardı edildiğini ve bunun da aile ve toplum içinde sorunlara yol açabileceğini de düşünüyorlar. Erkekliklerini yeniden konumlama süreci bugün yeni ev içi anlaşmazlıkları üretme tehlikesini de beraberinde getiriyor

Keywords

• Ruanda, Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği, Erkeklik, Erkek

Threatened Masculinities: Men’s Experiences of Gender Equality in Rural Rwanda

Abstract

This article analyses how rural Rwandan men experience gender equality laws and policies in their everyday lives. Traditional Rwandan society had a patriarchal social structure that resulted in men’s dominance and women’s subordination. A new constitution, adopted after the 1994 Tutsi genocide, recognizes the importance of gender equality and includes specific legal provisions to ensure women’s equal protection under the law. Working from focus group discussions in Kamonyi District, I explore men’s experiences of shifting power relations in Rwanda. Men have two main stories to tell in this regard: they appreciate the right of inheritance that women have acquired, as it increases the family assets, and new employment opportunities for women that offer men relief from the burden of providing for the family. Yet they also believe that men’s interests have been neglected in new laws, leading to problems in the family and community. The process of repositioning their masculinities today produces new forms of household conflict

Keywords

• Rwanda, Gender equality, Masculinity, Men

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