F.T. Marinetti'nin Fütürist Manifestolarında Erkekliği Queerleştirmek, 1909-1919

Abstract

Bu makale İtalyan fütürizminin kavgacı kurucusu Filipo Tommaso Marinetti’ye odaklanmaktadır. Cinsel vatandaşlık hakkındaki önkabulleri sorgulamak amacıyla, toplumsal cinsiyet ve arzu, bedenler ve gösterimler gibi hegemonik konvansiyonları ele alarak erken manifestolarının (1909-1915) queer bir okumasını yapacağım. Amacım, Marinetti’nin yapıtına getirilen geleneksel eleştirileri yerinden oynatmak ve genişletmek; manifestolarının, tutarlı bir şekilde cinsiyetlendirilmiş bir heteroseksüel/homoseksüel ikiliğinin çevresinde sabitlenemeyen bir erotika tarafından karmaşıklaştırıldığını savunmaktır. İlk olarak, Marinetti’nin erkeksileşmiş kadınlığa verdiği destek ve kadınsılaşmış erkeklere yönelttiği ret ile karmaşık bir hale gelen fırsatçı kadın düşmanlığının, toplumsal cinsiyetin cinsiyetlendirilmiş bedenler üzerinden istikrarlı bir şekilde hizalanışının imkansızlığını yansıttığını iddia ediyorum. İkinci iddiam, Marinetti’nin homososyallik ve arzu arasındaki sınırlar konusunda hissettiği kaygıların, tümü hipermaskülinitenin çatışma halindeki savlarına kodlanmış, taşkın ve çoğunlukla şiddete meyyal bir homoerotizm ile örneklendiği ve heteronormatif rahatlama ile vurgulandığı. Bunların, yüzyıl dönümünde, modern cinsel kategorilerin ortaya çıkmaya başladığı ve uyumlu bir erotik rejim içinde sınıflandırmaya kafa tutan bir karşıtlık mantığı içerisinde birleştiği bir dönemde üretilmiş fırsatçı anlatılar olduğunu iddia ediyorum,

Keywords

• F. T. Marinetti; İtalyan Fütürizmi,Queer teorisi,Erkeklikler

Queering Virility in F.T. Marinetti’s Futurist Manifestos, 1909-1919

Abstract

This paper focuses on the bellicose founder of Italian futurism, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. I employ a queer reading ofhisearly manifestos (1909-1915) toquestion presumptions about sexual citizenship by interrogating hegemonic conventions linkinggender and desire, bodies and performances.My goal is to disturb/extend traditional critiques of Marinetti’s work and make the case that his manifestos are complicated by an erotics that tends not to stabilise around consistently gendered heterosexual/homosexual binaries. I suggest first that Marinetti’s opportunistic misogyny, complicated by support for masculinised femininity and disclaim for effeminate men, reflects the impossibility of stable alignments of gender with particular sexed bodies. Second, Marinetti’s anxieties about the borders between homosociability and desire are illustrated by an effusive and often violent homoerotism, punctuated by heteronormative relief, and all encoded within belligerent assertions of hypermasculinity. I make the case that these are opportunistic narratives, produced during a decade at the fin de siècle when what we recognise as modern sexual categories were beginning to emerge and converge in oppositional logic, which defy classification in a coherent erotic regime.

Keywords

• F. T. Marinetti; Italian futurism; queer theory; masculinities

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