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Geç Antik Dönem Çalışmalarında Tarihsel Sorgulamanın Geçerli Bir Kategorisi Olarak Erkekliği Çevreleyen Tartışmalar

Year 2014, Issue: 1, 77 - 91, 05.08.2016

Abstract

Bu makale, geç Antik dönemi anlamaya çalışan hem sosyal bilimlerden hem de daha geleneksel disiplinlerden araştırmacılar için geçerli bir kategori olarak "erkekliği" çevreleyen bazı tartışmaları ve bu tartışmaların gelişimini inceler. makale özünde erkekliğe dair sorgulamaların nasıl politik bir amaca hizmet ettiğini ortaya sermektedir. bazı araştırmacılar, eşcinsellik gibi bir konuyu, Antik Yunan ve Roma gibi uygarlıkların nasıl da çağımız uygarlıklarından daha büyük bir hoşgörüye sahip olduğunu göstermek amacı ile didik didik ederler. Bu tavır, niçin geç Antik dönem erkekliğine dair bir çok çalışmanın erkekleri temelde cinsel varlıkları olarak ele aldığını açıkları bu durum aynı zamanda, bazı akademisyenlerin toplumsal tarihi, geçerli bir tarihsel araç olarak kabul etmedeki isteksizliğini de açıklar. Şayet toplumsal tarihi eleştirenler, cinsellikle ilgili modern saplantımızın geçmişe yönelik görüşümüzü "gölgelemesine" izin vermenin tehlikelerine işaret ederken haklı iseler, günümüz modern batılı kültürleri ile kıyaslandığında birçok antik kültürün insan merkezli doğasını işaret etmek de aynı derecede hayatidir. Giderek artan düzeyde cinsiyet eşitliğinin olduğu bir dünyada yaşamak antik Romayı anlamamıza engel olabilir. Aslına bakılırsa, Roma toplumu içinde erkeklik ideolojilerinin oynadığı merkezi rolü anlamadan Roma tarihini anlamak mümkün değildir

References

  • Behr, John. Asceticism and Anthropology in Irenaeus and Clement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.
  • Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Ear to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Print
  • Brown, Peter. The Body and Society: Men Women and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. Print.
  • —.The World of Late Antiquity AD 150-750. London: Thames and Hudson, 1971. Print.
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  • Butler, Judith. “Bodies That Matter,” Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. Print. Connell, R. W. Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Print.
  • Conway, Colleen. Behold the Man: Jesus and Greco-Roman Masculinities. Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press, 2008. Print.
  • Cooper, Kate. The Virgin and the Bride: Idealised Womanhood in Late Antiquity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996. Print.
  • Edwards, Catherine. The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Print.
  • Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: The Use of Pleasure. Trans. Robert Hurley. Vol. 2. New York: Vintage, 1985. Print.
  • —. The History of Sexuality: The Care of Self. Trans. Robert Hurley. Vol. 3. New York: Vintage, 1988. Print.
  • Foxhall, Lin and John Salmon. When Men were Men: Masculinity, Power and Identity in the Classical Tradition. London: Routledge, 1998. Print.
  • Gleason, Maude. Making Men: Sophists and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Print.
  • Goffart, Walter. Barbarians and Romans: A.D. 418 - 584; the Techniques of Accommodation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.
  • Heather, Peter. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Hobbs, Angela. Plato and the Hero: Manliness and the Impersonal Good. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print.
  • Jordan, Mark. The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
  • Kaldellis, Anthony. Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History, and Philosophy at the End of Antiquity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. Print
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  • —. The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity. Chicago: The Univeristy of Chicago Press, 2001. Print.
  • Langlands, Rebecca. Sexual Morality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Mazzo Karras, Ruth. From Boys to Men: Formations of Masculinity in Late Medieval Europe. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. Print.
  • McDonnell, Myles. Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Montserrat, Dominic. “Reading Gender in the Roman World.” Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity, and Power in the Roman World. eds. Janet Huskinson. London: Routledge, 2000. Print
  • O’Brian, Bruce. "R.W. Southern, John Boswell and the Sexuality Of Anselm." Kuefler, Mathew. The Boswell Thesis: Essays on Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. 167-178. Print.
  • O'Donnell, James. Bryn Mawr Classical Review. July 2005. Internet. 10 may 2007.
  • Partner, Nancey. Speculum 68 (1993): "No Sex, No Gender." Speculum (1993): 419-443.
  • Pohl, Walter. "Gender and Ethnicity in the Early Middle Ages." Leslie Brubaker and Julia Smith. Gender in the Early Medieval World: East and West, 300-900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 23- 43. Print.
  • Rabieh, Linda. Plato and the Virtue of Courage. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Rosen, Ralph and Ineke Sluiter, eds. Andreia: Studies in Manliness and Courage in Classical Antiquity. Boston: Brill, 2003. Print.
  • Ruse, Michael. Homosexuality: A Philosophical Inquiry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Print. Searle, John. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free press, 1997.Print.
  • Smith, Julia. "Introduction: Gendering the Early Medieval World." Smith, Leslie Brubaker and Julia. Gender in the Early Meival World: East and West, 300-900. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004. 1-22. Print.
  • Stewart, Michael E. "The Soldier's Life: Martial Virtues and Hegemonic Masculinity in the Early Byzantine Empire." Diss. Queensland U, 2012. Print.
  • Treadgold, Warren. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997. Print.
  • Ward-Perkins, Bryan. The Fall of the Roman Empire and the End of Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Williams, Craig. Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Print.

Some Disputes Surrounding Masculinity as a Legitimate Category of Historical Inquiry in the Study of Late Antiquity

Year 2014, Issue: 1, 77 - 91, 05.08.2016

Abstract

This paper examines the growth and some of the disputes surrounding “masculinity” as a legitimate category for both social and more traditional scholars seeking to understand Late Antiquity. It shows how investigations of masculinity often serve a political purpose. Some researchers delve into a topic such as “homosexuality” as a way of revealing how particular societies such as ancient Greece and Rome had greater tolerance towards same-partner sex than their modern counterparts. This agenda helps to explain why many studies on Late Antique masculinity focus on men as sexual beings. It might also account for the reluctance by some academics to accept social history as a legitimate historical tool. If critics of social history have been correct in pointing out the dangers of letting our modern obsession with sexuality “cloud” our view of the past, it is just as vital to point out the androcentric nature of many ancient cultures in comparison to many modern western cultures. Indeed, living in a world of increasing gender equality can hinder our understanding of the ancient Romans. Indeed, one cannot understand the Roman past without understanding the central role that ideologies of masculinity played in this society

References

  • Behr, John. Asceticism and Anthropology in Irenaeus and Clement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.
  • Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Ear to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Print
  • Brown, Peter. The Body and Society: Men Women and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. Print.
  • —.The World of Late Antiquity AD 150-750. London: Thames and Hudson, 1971. Print.
  • Burrus, Virginia. “Begotten, Not Made”: Conceiving Manhood in Late Antiquity. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Print.
  • Butler, Judith. “Bodies That Matter,” Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. Print. Connell, R. W. Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Print.
  • Conway, Colleen. Behold the Man: Jesus and Greco-Roman Masculinities. Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press, 2008. Print.
  • Cooper, Kate. The Virgin and the Bride: Idealised Womanhood in Late Antiquity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996. Print.
  • Edwards, Catherine. The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Print.
  • Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: The Use of Pleasure. Trans. Robert Hurley. Vol. 2. New York: Vintage, 1985. Print.
  • —. The History of Sexuality: The Care of Self. Trans. Robert Hurley. Vol. 3. New York: Vintage, 1988. Print.
  • Foxhall, Lin and John Salmon. When Men were Men: Masculinity, Power and Identity in the Classical Tradition. London: Routledge, 1998. Print.
  • Gleason, Maude. Making Men: Sophists and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Print.
  • Goffart, Walter. Barbarians and Romans: A.D. 418 - 584; the Techniques of Accommodation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.
  • Heather, Peter. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Hobbs, Angela. Plato and the Hero: Manliness and the Impersonal Good. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print.
  • Jordan, Mark. The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
  • Kaldellis, Anthony. Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History, and Philosophy at the End of Antiquity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. Print
  • Kuefler, Mathew. "The Boswell Thesis." Kuefler, Mathew. The Boswell Thesis: Essays on Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2006. 1-31. Print.
  • —. The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity. Chicago: The Univeristy of Chicago Press, 2001. Print.
  • Langlands, Rebecca. Sexual Morality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Mazzo Karras, Ruth. From Boys to Men: Formations of Masculinity in Late Medieval Europe. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. Print.
  • McDonnell, Myles. Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Montserrat, Dominic. “Reading Gender in the Roman World.” Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity, and Power in the Roman World. eds. Janet Huskinson. London: Routledge, 2000. Print
  • O’Brian, Bruce. "R.W. Southern, John Boswell and the Sexuality Of Anselm." Kuefler, Mathew. The Boswell Thesis: Essays on Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. 167-178. Print.
  • O'Donnell, James. Bryn Mawr Classical Review. July 2005. Internet. 10 may 2007.
  • Partner, Nancey. Speculum 68 (1993): "No Sex, No Gender." Speculum (1993): 419-443.
  • Pohl, Walter. "Gender and Ethnicity in the Early Middle Ages." Leslie Brubaker and Julia Smith. Gender in the Early Medieval World: East and West, 300-900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 23- 43. Print.
  • Rabieh, Linda. Plato and the Virtue of Courage. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Rosen, Ralph and Ineke Sluiter, eds. Andreia: Studies in Manliness and Courage in Classical Antiquity. Boston: Brill, 2003. Print.
  • Ruse, Michael. Homosexuality: A Philosophical Inquiry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Print. Searle, John. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free press, 1997.Print.
  • Smith, Julia. "Introduction: Gendering the Early Medieval World." Smith, Leslie Brubaker and Julia. Gender in the Early Meival World: East and West, 300-900. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004. 1-22. Print.
  • Stewart, Michael E. "The Soldier's Life: Martial Virtues and Hegemonic Masculinity in the Early Byzantine Empire." Diss. Queensland U, 2012. Print.
  • Treadgold, Warren. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997. Print.
  • Ward-Perkins, Bryan. The Fall of the Roman Empire and the End of Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Williams, Craig. Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Print.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA56VV84ND
Journal Section Articles
Publication Date August 5, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2014 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Some Disputes Surrounding Masculinity as a Legitimate Category of Historical Inquiry in the Study of Late Antiquity. (2016). Masculinities: A Journal of Identity and Culture(1), 77-91.