“Kızıl Ordu Söyleminde ve Öznelliğinde Militarist Erkeklikler, 1942-1943”

Year 2015, Issue: 3, 189 - 212, 01.02.2015

Steven Jug

Abstract

Bu makale askerî erkekliklerin, 1942-1943 yıllarında Kızıl Ordu içindeki gelişimini incelemektedir. İncelenen bu zaman dilimi, savaşın başlangıcındaki kriz durumu ile tam bir ulusal savaş seferberliğine geçişin yan yana geldiği kritik bir dönemdir. Retorik, kimlik ve deneyim bu geçiş sürecinde, topyekûn savaşın gerçeklerine henüz uyum sağlayabilmiş değildir. Bu makale, sıradan askerlerin mektupları ile Sovyet medyasında yer alan haberleri ve yorumları karşılaştırarak, askerlerin ve resmi yetkililerin bağlı oldukları erkeklik normları arasında savaş boyunca süren etkileşimin, askerî erkekliklerin gelişimini şekillendirdiğini savunmaktadır. Makalenin odak noktası, bireylerin savaş sırasında benlik algılarının değişmesiyle birlikte, geride bıraktıkları aileleri, cephe deneyimleri ve resmi söylem arasındaki ilişkileri idare etmelerini sağlayacak bir eril öznelliği hangi şekillerde geliştirdikleridir. Savaş zamanı Stalinciliği’nin görünürde boğucu atmosferi çerçevesinde erkek öznelliklerini incelemek, politik ve askeri otoriteye doğrudan meydan okumanın yerini almış olan, iktidarı meşru sayarak onunla çekişme sürecinde erkekliğin oynadığı önemli rolü ortaya koyar. Stalincilik bağlamında erkekliği bu şekilde incelemek ayrıca, odak noktasına erkeklik söylemlerinin üretimlerinin yanı sıra, alımlanmaları ve uyarlanmalarının da yerleştirilmesinin teorik ve metodolojik kıymetini bir kez daha göstermektedir

Keywords

Rus tarihi, erkeklik, öznellik, söylem, Kızıl Ordu, İkinci Dünya Savaş

“Militarizing Masculinities in Red Army discourse and subjectivity, 1942-1943”

Abstract

This article examines the development of soldierly masculinities in the Red Army in 1942-1943. The period served as a critical juncture between initial crisis and fully mobilized national war effort, in which rhetoric, identity, and experience had yet to adapt to the reality of total war. By comparing individual soldiers’ writings and Soviet media sources, this article argues that the interaction of soldierly and official masculine norms that shaped their evolution over the course of the war. The article focuses on how individuals developed a masculine subjectivity that responded to links with home, frontline experiences, and official discourse as their senses of self evolved in wartime. Studying masculine subjectivity in the seemingly stifling context of Stalinism at war reveals the important role masculinity played in the legitimating and contesting of power that replaced direct challenges to political or military authority. Such a study of masculinity in the Stalinist context likewise affirms the larger theoretical and methodological value of focusing on the reception and adaptation of masculine discourses alongside their production

Keywords

Russian history, masculinity, subjectivity, discourse, Red Army, World War II

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