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The challenge of ‘protest’ masculinities: how Arab riots have changed the representation of North-African masculinities in the public space

Year 2016, Issue: 6, 30 - 54, 22.08.2017

Abstract

In the last decades, the
rare analysis on Maghreb masculinities have usually linked them with violence,
social exclusion and terrorism
, preventing the full understanding of
changing processes on-going in the area, reflected also by changings in
masculinities’ models.
This article reports
some preliminary reflections of a study in progress on masculinities in the
contemporary Maghreb, focusing on the emergence of ‘protest’ masculinities in
the public space after the so-called Arab Spring, through the analysis of the
representation
of masculinities in the Tunisian post-revolutionary street-painting.The
aim of the paper is to theoretically discuss the challenges that ‘protest’
masculinities pose to the concept of masculinity in North Africa and to analyse
the way in which 'emerging' protest masculinities represent themselves in the
public space, through artistic narratives. Fluid protest masculinities,
represented through arts, are, indeed, a clear sign of the extreme variability
of gender subjectivities and the impermanence of models of masculinity,
characterizing contemporary North Africa, in opposition to the dominant
national and international narratives about its inherent immobility.

References

  • Adibi H. (2006). Sociology of Masculinity in the Middle East. Proceedings Social change in the 21st Century Conference, Carseldine Campus, Queensland University of Technology.
  • Amar, P. (2011). Middle East Masculinity Studies: Discourse of “Men in Crisis”. Industries of Gender in Revolution. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies,7, 3, 36-70.
  • Amour, A. (1997). Constitution et Religion dans les Etats Musulmans. Conscience et Liberté, 54, 55-69. Bayat, A. (2013). Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Connell, R. (1995). Masculinities. Berkley: University of California Press.
  • Connell, R. and Messerchmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender and Society, 19, 829- 859.
  • Corrao, F.M. (ed by). (2011). Le rivoluzioni arabe. La transizione Mediterranea, Milano: Mondadori.
  • Dialmy, A. (2004). Masculinity in Morocco. What about Masculinity, Al-Raida, Lebanese American University, 23, 104-105. Ghoussoub, M. and Sinclair-Webb, E. (ed. by). (2000). Imagined Masculinities. Male Identity and Culture in the Modern Middle East. London: Saqi Books.
  • Geoffrey, S. (2011). Islamic piety and masculinity. Cont Islam, 5.
  • Guardi, J. and Vanzan, A. (2012). Che genere di islam. Omosessuali, queer e transessualità tra shari’a e nuove interpretazioni. Milano: Ediesse.
  • Inhorn, M. C. (2012). The New Arab Man. Emergent Masculinities, Technologies and Islam in the Middle East. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1988). Bargaining with Patriarchy. Gender and Society, 2, 274-290.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2010). Misfraiming Men, The Politics of Contemporary Masculinities. New Jersey: Rutdgers University Press.
  • Korody, N. (2011). The Revolutionary Art: Street Art Before and After the Tunisian Revolution. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection, Paper 1134.
  • Kugle, S. and Hunt, S. (2012). Masculinity, Homosexuality and the Defence of Islam: A Case Study of Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s Media Fatwa’. Religion and Gender, 2, 254- 279.
  • Loomba, A. (2001). Colonialismo/Post-colonialismo, Roma: Meltemi.
  • Moghadam, V. M. (1992). Development and Patriarchy: the Middle East and North Africa in economic and demographic transition. UNU/ WIDER Conference on Trajectories of Patriarchy and Development Helsinki, 6-7 July.
  • Mouiche, I. (2008). L’État moderne africain et le patriarcat public. In Uchendu, E. (ed by), Masculinities in contemporary Africa (pp. 133-163). Dakar: Codersia.
  • Murray, S. O. and Roscoe, W. (ed. by). (1997). Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature. New York: New York University Press.
  • Nagel, J. (1998). Masculinity and nationalism: gender and sexuality in the making of nations. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 21, 2, 242-269.
  • Obermeyer, C. M. (2000). Sexuality in Morocco: Changing context and contested domain. Culture, Health & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care, n. 2, 3, 239-254.
  • Ouzgane, L. (ed. by). (2006). Islamic Masculinities. Londra: Zed Books.
  • Pieroni, O. (2002). Pene d'amore. Alla ricerca del pene perduto. Maschi, ambiente e società. Soveria Mannelli: Rubettino.
  • Sharabi, H. (1988). Neopatriarchy: A Theory of Distorted Change in the Arab World. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sebastiani, C. (2014). Una città, una rivoluzione: Tunisi e la riconquista dello spazio pubblico, Cosenza: Pellegrini.
  • Siebert, R. (2012). Voci e Silenzi Post-coloniali. Frantz Fanon, Assia Djebar e noi. Roma: Carocci.
  • Solera, G. (2013). Riscatto Mediterraneo. Voci e Luoghi di dignità e resistenza. Portogruaro: Nuova Dimensione,.
  • Ventura, A. (2014). Le Rivoluzioni Prevedibili. Per una Analisi Storica delle “Primavere Arabe”. In D’Ignazio, G., Fiorita, N., Gambino, S., Raniolo, F., Ventura, A. (ed. by), Transizioni e Democrazia nei Paesi del Mediterraneo e del Vicino Oriente (pp. 333-344). Cosenza: Edizioni Periferia.
  • Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hall, S. (2006). Il soggetto e la differenza. Per un’archeologia degli studi culturali e post-coloniali. Roma: Meltemi.

‘Protest’ erkekliklerin meydan okuması: Arap ayaklanmalarının kamusal alanda Kuzey Afrikalı erkekliklerin temsilini nasıl değiştirdiği

Year 2016, Issue: 6, 30 - 54, 22.08.2017

Abstract

Son birkaç on yılda, Mağrip erkekliklerine
ilişkin yapılan ender analizler onları genellikle şiddet, sosyal dışlanma ve
terörizm ile ilişkilendirerek bölgedeki değişen süreçlerin tam olarak
anlaşılmasını engellerken, aynı zamanda erkeklik modellerindeki değişimleri de
yansıttı. Bu makale, Arap Baharı sonrasında kamusal alanda 'protest'
erkekliklerin ortaya çıkışına odaklanarak, Tunus'taki post-devrimci sokak
resimlerindeki erkekliklerin temsilinin analizi yoluyla çağdaş Mağrip’teki
erkekliklere yönelik bir araştırmanın bazı ön yansımalarını sunmaktadır.
Yazının amacı, ‘protest’ erkekliklerin Kuzey Afrika'daki erkeklik kavramına
getirdiği meydan okumaları teorik olarak tartışmak ve bu protest erkekliklerin
"ortaya çıkarken” kendilerini kamusal alanda nasıl temsil ettiklerini sanatsal
anlatılar aracılığıyla analiz etmektir. Gerçekten de sanat yoluyla temsil
edilen bu sabit olmayan protest erkeklikler, cinsiyet öznelliklerinin aşırı
değişkenliğinin ve egemen ulusal ve uluslararası anlatılar hakkındaki doğal
sabitliğe zıt olarak çağdaş Kuzey Afrika'yı karakterize eden erkeklik
modellerinin geçiciliğinin açık bir işaretidir.

References

  • Adibi H. (2006). Sociology of Masculinity in the Middle East. Proceedings Social change in the 21st Century Conference, Carseldine Campus, Queensland University of Technology.
  • Amar, P. (2011). Middle East Masculinity Studies: Discourse of “Men in Crisis”. Industries of Gender in Revolution. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies,7, 3, 36-70.
  • Amour, A. (1997). Constitution et Religion dans les Etats Musulmans. Conscience et Liberté, 54, 55-69. Bayat, A. (2013). Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Connell, R. (1995). Masculinities. Berkley: University of California Press.
  • Connell, R. and Messerchmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender and Society, 19, 829- 859.
  • Corrao, F.M. (ed by). (2011). Le rivoluzioni arabe. La transizione Mediterranea, Milano: Mondadori.
  • Dialmy, A. (2004). Masculinity in Morocco. What about Masculinity, Al-Raida, Lebanese American University, 23, 104-105. Ghoussoub, M. and Sinclair-Webb, E. (ed. by). (2000). Imagined Masculinities. Male Identity and Culture in the Modern Middle East. London: Saqi Books.
  • Geoffrey, S. (2011). Islamic piety and masculinity. Cont Islam, 5.
  • Guardi, J. and Vanzan, A. (2012). Che genere di islam. Omosessuali, queer e transessualità tra shari’a e nuove interpretazioni. Milano: Ediesse.
  • Inhorn, M. C. (2012). The New Arab Man. Emergent Masculinities, Technologies and Islam in the Middle East. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1988). Bargaining with Patriarchy. Gender and Society, 2, 274-290.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2010). Misfraiming Men, The Politics of Contemporary Masculinities. New Jersey: Rutdgers University Press.
  • Korody, N. (2011). The Revolutionary Art: Street Art Before and After the Tunisian Revolution. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection, Paper 1134.
  • Kugle, S. and Hunt, S. (2012). Masculinity, Homosexuality and the Defence of Islam: A Case Study of Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s Media Fatwa’. Religion and Gender, 2, 254- 279.
  • Loomba, A. (2001). Colonialismo/Post-colonialismo, Roma: Meltemi.
  • Moghadam, V. M. (1992). Development and Patriarchy: the Middle East and North Africa in economic and demographic transition. UNU/ WIDER Conference on Trajectories of Patriarchy and Development Helsinki, 6-7 July.
  • Mouiche, I. (2008). L’État moderne africain et le patriarcat public. In Uchendu, E. (ed by), Masculinities in contemporary Africa (pp. 133-163). Dakar: Codersia.
  • Murray, S. O. and Roscoe, W. (ed. by). (1997). Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature. New York: New York University Press.
  • Nagel, J. (1998). Masculinity and nationalism: gender and sexuality in the making of nations. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 21, 2, 242-269.
  • Obermeyer, C. M. (2000). Sexuality in Morocco: Changing context and contested domain. Culture, Health & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care, n. 2, 3, 239-254.
  • Ouzgane, L. (ed. by). (2006). Islamic Masculinities. Londra: Zed Books.
  • Pieroni, O. (2002). Pene d'amore. Alla ricerca del pene perduto. Maschi, ambiente e società. Soveria Mannelli: Rubettino.
  • Sharabi, H. (1988). Neopatriarchy: A Theory of Distorted Change in the Arab World. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sebastiani, C. (2014). Una città, una rivoluzione: Tunisi e la riconquista dello spazio pubblico, Cosenza: Pellegrini.
  • Siebert, R. (2012). Voci e Silenzi Post-coloniali. Frantz Fanon, Assia Djebar e noi. Roma: Carocci.
  • Solera, G. (2013). Riscatto Mediterraneo. Voci e Luoghi di dignità e resistenza. Portogruaro: Nuova Dimensione,.
  • Ventura, A. (2014). Le Rivoluzioni Prevedibili. Per una Analisi Storica delle “Primavere Arabe”. In D’Ignazio, G., Fiorita, N., Gambino, S., Raniolo, F., Ventura, A. (ed. by), Transizioni e Democrazia nei Paesi del Mediterraneo e del Vicino Oriente (pp. 333-344). Cosenza: Edizioni Periferia.
  • Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hall, S. (2006). Il soggetto e la differenza. Per un’archeologia degli studi culturali e post-coloniali. Roma: Meltemi.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Political Science, Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Valentina Fedele This is me

Publication Date August 22, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2016 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Fedele, V. (2017). The challenge of ‘protest’ masculinities: how Arab riots have changed the representation of North-African masculinities in the public space. Masculinities: A Journal of Identity and Culture(6), 30-54.