F.T. Marinetti'nin Fütürist Manifestolarında Erkekliği Queerleştirmek, 1909-1919

Year 2017, Issue: 7, 46 - 70, 15.02.2017

Janet Lee

Abstract

Bu makale İtalyan fütürizminin
kavgacı kurucusu Filipo Tommaso Marinetti’ye odaklanmaktadır. Cinsel
vatandaşlık hakkındaki önkabulleri sorgulamak amacıyla, toplumsal cinsiyet ve
arzu, bedenler ve gösterimler gibi hegemonik konvansiyonları ele alarak erken
manifestolarının (1909-1915) queer bir okumasını yapacağım. Amacım,
Marinetti’nin yapıtına getirilen geleneksel eleştirileri yerinden oynatmak ve
genişletmek; manifestolarının, tutarlı bir şekilde cinsiyetlendirilmiş bir
heteroseksüel/homoseksüel ikiliğinin çevresinde sabitlenemeyen bir erotika
tarafından karmaşıklaştırıldığını savunmaktır. İlk olarak, Marinetti’nin
erkeksileşmiş kadınlığa verdiği destek ve kadınsılaşmış erkeklere yönelttiği
ret ile karmaşık bir hale gelen fırsatçı kadın düşmanlığının, toplumsal
cinsiyetin cinsiyetlendirilmiş bedenler üzerinden istikrarlı bir şekilde
hizalanışının imkansızlığını yansıttığını iddia ediyorum. İkinci iddiam,
Marinetti’nin homososyallik ve arzu arasındaki sınırlar konusunda hissettiği
kaygıların, tümü hipermaskülinitenin çatışma halindeki savlarına kodlanmış,
taşkın ve çoğunlukla şiddete meyyal bir homoerotizm ile örneklendiği ve
heteronormatif rahatlama ile vurgulandığı. Bunların, yüzyıl dönümünde, modern
cinsel kategorilerin ortaya çıkmaya başladığı ve uyumlu bir erotik rejim içinde
sınıflandırmaya kafa tutan bir karşıtlık mantığı içerisinde birleştiği bir
dönemde üretilmiş fırsatçı anlatılar olduğunu iddia ediyorum,

Keywords

F. T. Marinetti; İtalyan Fütürizmi, Queer teorisi, Erkeklikler

Queering Virility in F.T. Marinetti’s Futurist Manifestos, 1909-1919

Abstract

This paper focuses on the bellicose founder of Italian futurism,
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. I employ a queer reading ofhisearly manifestos
(1909-1915) toquestion presumptions about sexual citizenship by interrogating hegemonic
conventions linkinggender and desire, bodies and performances.My goal is to
disturb/extend traditional critiques of Marinetti’s work and make the case that
his manifestos are complicated by an erotics that tends not to stabilise around
consistently gendered heterosexual/homosexual binaries. I suggest first that
Marinetti’s opportunistic misogyny, complicated by support for masculinised
femininity and disclaim for effeminate men, reflects the impossibility of
stable alignments of gender with particular sexed bodies. Second, Marinetti’s
anxieties about the borders between homosociability and desire are illustrated
by an effusive and often violent homoerotism, punctuated by heteronormative
relief, and all encoded within belligerent assertions of hypermasculinity. I
make the case that these are opportunistic narratives, produced during a decade
at the fin de siècle when what we
recognise as modern sexual categories were beginning to emerge and converge in
oppositional logic, which defy classification in a coherent erotic regime.

Keywords

F. T. Marinetti; Italian futurism; queer theory; masculinities

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