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Annie Proulx’s Wyoming Stories: Deconstructing Hegemonic Masculinity in the American West

Year 2019, Issue: 11, 46 - 71, 15.05.2019

Abstract

The myth of the Wild West has inspired men for over a century to follow and live out the example of the long-gone virile cowboy. The romanticized cowboy myth, however, bears a dangerous dark side, since it not only spreads all-American values but also fuels frustration and fear amongst men through its inherent demand for conformity. Annie Proulx has taken up the challenge of denouncing the truth behind the myth of masculinity with her short story collections Wyoming Stories, claiming that the virile cowboy cult is not a natural necessity in the American West but only a construct that has been falsely universalized. Proulx thus presents us an alternative American West, revealing the bleak reality behind the façade of contemporary cowboy devotees.
The following paper will begin with a brief discussion on the importance of masculinity in the western genre, as well as an introduction to the figure of the cowboy to reveal the great impact both, the genre and the figure, had and still have on the American mindset. Moreover, engaging with gender theory, this paper will as well take a closer look at the idea of gender as a construct, which will facilitate the subsequent analysis of the deconstruction of masculinity in two of Proulx’s short stories, i.e. “Brokeback Mountain” and “The Mud Below” from her 1999 short story collection Close Range. Especially the questions of the construction of masculinity, the results of a failing malehood and systems of reassuring ones manhood in the American West will be closely analyzed.

References

  • Aguila, E.V.D. (2014) Being a Man in a Transnational World. Routledge.
  • Arosteguy, K. O. (2010). “It Was All a Hard, Fast Ride That Ended in the Mud”: Deconstructing the Myth of the Cowboy in Annie Proulx's Close Range: Wyoming Stories. Western American Literature, 45(2), 116-36.
  • Bordin, E. (2014). Masculinity & Westerns: Regenerations at the Turn of the Millennium. Verona: Ombre Corte.
  • Butler, J. (1999). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
  • Hine, R. V., & Faragher, J. M. (2007). Frontiers: A Short History of the American West. New Haven: Yale UP.
  • Horrocks, R. (1994) Masculinity in Crisis: Myths, Fantasies, and Realities. New York: St. Martin’s.
  • Johnson, S. L. (1996). “A Memory Sweet to Soldier's”: The Significance of Gender. In Ed. C. A. Milner (Ed.), A New Significance: Re-envisioning the History of the American West. New York: Oxford UP, 255-78.
  • Neel, S. R. (1996). A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West. In C. A. Milner (Ed.), A New Significance: Re-envisioning the History of the American West. New York: Oxford UP, 105-24.
  • Patterson, E. (2008). On Brokeback Mountain: Meditations about Masculinity, Fear, and Love in the Story and the Film. Lanham, MD: Lexington.
  • Proulx, A. (2006) Close Range: Brokeback Mountain and Other Stories. London: Harper Perennial.
  • Robertson, J. O. (1980). American Myth, American Reality. New York: Hill & Wang.
  • Rood, K. L. (2001). Understanding Annie Proulx. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina.
  • Skodbo, T. (2007). Nan Goldin: The Other Side: Photography and Gender Identity. (Dissertation). University of Oslo, Norway.
  • Slotkin, R. (1992). Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America, New York: Harper Perennial.

Annie Proulx’un Wyoming Stories’i: Amerika’nın Batısında Hegemonik Erkekliğin Yapısökümü

Year 2019, Issue: 11, 46 - 71, 15.05.2019

Abstract

Vahşi Batı miti, bir yüzyıldan fazladır, erkeklere kayıp yiğit kovboy örneğini izlemek ve yaşamak için ilham vermektedir. Bu romantikleştirilen kovboy mitinin, karanlık ve tehlikeli bir tarafı da vardır; sadece Amerikan değerlerini yaymaz, tanımına içkin uyum talebi nedeniyle, erkekler arasında hüsran ve korku da yaratır. Annie Proulx, Wyoming Stories hikaye kitabıyla, yiğit kovboy kültünün Amerikan Batı’sının doğal bir gerekliliği olmadığını ve yanlışlıkla evrenselleştirilen bir kurgu olduğunu ortaya koyarak erkeklik mitinin arkasındaki gerçeğin kötü taraflarını açığa vurma çabasını üstlenir. Proulx, çağdaş kovboyluk hayranları gösterisinin arkasındaki kasvetli gerçekliği ortaya çıkararak alternatif bir Amerikan Batı’sı sunar.
Bu makale, western türünde erkekliğin önemi üzerinde bir tartışma ve kovboy figürüne giriş ile başlayarak, hem bu türün hem de figürün Amerikan zihin yapısı üzerinde geçmişten günümüze gelen önemli etkisini gösterecektir. Ek olarak, bu makale, toplumsal cinsiyet teorisi ile bağlantılı olarak, bir kurgu olarak toplumsal cinsiyet fikrine yakından bakacak ve Proulx’un 1999 tarihli kitabı Close Range’deki hikayelerinden ikisinde, “Brokeback Mountain” ve “The Mud Below”’da, erkekliğin yapısökümünün analizini kolaylaştıracaktır. Özellikle erkekliğin kurulumu, güçten düşen erkekliğin sonuçları ve Amerikan Batı’sında erkekliği tesis etmenin sistemleri üzerine olan sorular analiz edilecektir.

References

  • Aguila, E.V.D. (2014) Being a Man in a Transnational World. Routledge.
  • Arosteguy, K. O. (2010). “It Was All a Hard, Fast Ride That Ended in the Mud”: Deconstructing the Myth of the Cowboy in Annie Proulx's Close Range: Wyoming Stories. Western American Literature, 45(2), 116-36.
  • Bordin, E. (2014). Masculinity & Westerns: Regenerations at the Turn of the Millennium. Verona: Ombre Corte.
  • Butler, J. (1999). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
  • Hine, R. V., & Faragher, J. M. (2007). Frontiers: A Short History of the American West. New Haven: Yale UP.
  • Horrocks, R. (1994) Masculinity in Crisis: Myths, Fantasies, and Realities. New York: St. Martin’s.
  • Johnson, S. L. (1996). “A Memory Sweet to Soldier's”: The Significance of Gender. In Ed. C. A. Milner (Ed.), A New Significance: Re-envisioning the History of the American West. New York: Oxford UP, 255-78.
  • Neel, S. R. (1996). A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West. In C. A. Milner (Ed.), A New Significance: Re-envisioning the History of the American West. New York: Oxford UP, 105-24.
  • Patterson, E. (2008). On Brokeback Mountain: Meditations about Masculinity, Fear, and Love in the Story and the Film. Lanham, MD: Lexington.
  • Proulx, A. (2006) Close Range: Brokeback Mountain and Other Stories. London: Harper Perennial.
  • Robertson, J. O. (1980). American Myth, American Reality. New York: Hill & Wang.
  • Rood, K. L. (2001). Understanding Annie Proulx. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina.
  • Skodbo, T. (2007). Nan Goldin: The Other Side: Photography and Gender Identity. (Dissertation). University of Oslo, Norway.
  • Slotkin, R. (1992). Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America, New York: Harper Perennial.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Philosophy, Anthropology, Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

David Klein Martins This is me

Publication Date May 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Martins, D. K. (2019). Annie Proulx’s Wyoming Stories: Deconstructing Hegemonic Masculinity in the American West. Masculinities: A Journal of Identity and Culture(11), 46-71.