Research Article

A model for COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia coinfection with community- and hospital-acquired infections

Volume: 2 Number: 4 December 30, 2022
Angel G. Cervantes Pérez *, David Adeyemi Oluyori
EN

A model for COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia coinfection with community- and hospital-acquired infections

Abstract

We propose a new epidemic model to study the coinfection dynamics of COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia, which is the first model in the literature used to describe mathematically the interaction of these two diseases while considering two infection ways for pneumonia: community-acquired and hospital-acquired transmission. We show that the existence and local stability of equilibria depend on three different parameters, which are interpreted as the basic reproduction numbers of COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, and bacterial population in the hospital. Numerical simulations are performed to complement our theoretical analysis, and we show that both diseases can persist if the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 is greater than one.

Keywords

Coronavirus, bacterial pneumonia, coinfection

References

  1. Nasir, N., Rehman, F., & Omair, S.F. Risk factors for bacterial infections in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A case-control study. Journal of medical virology, 93(7), 4564-4569, (2021).
  2. Mirzaei, R., Goodarzi, P., Asadi, M., Soltani, A., Aljanabi, H.A.A., Jeda, A.S., ... & Karampoor, S. Bacterial co-infections with SARS-CoV-2. IUBMB life, 72(10), 2097-2111, (2020).
  3. National Health Service, Respiratory tract infections (RTIs), https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/respiratory-tract-infection/ Access date: 19 November 2022.
  4. Hegazy, N.N., Mahrous, O.A., & Salah, M.A. An overview of respiratory tract infections in preschool children in primary healthcare. Menoufia Medical Journal, 31(3), 862, (2018).
  5. Morens, D.M., Taubenberger, J.K., & Fauci, A.S. Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. The Journal of infectious diseases, 198(7), 962-970, (2008).
  6. MacIntyre, C.R., Chughtai, A.A., Barnes, M., Ridda, I., Seale, H., Toms, R., & Heywood, A. The role of pneumonia and secondary bacterial infection in fatal and serious outcomes of pandemic influenza a (H1N1) pdm09. BMC infectious diseases, 18(1), 1-20, (2018).
  7. Kumar, R., Bhattacharya, B., Meena, V., Soneja, M., & Wig, N. COVID-19 and TB co-infection-’Finishing touch”in perfect recipe to’severity’or ‘death’. Journal of Infection, 81(3), e39-e40, (2020).
  8. Lansbury, L., Lim, B., Baskaran, V., & Lim, W.S. Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Journal of Infection, 81(2), 266-275, (2020).
  9. Cox, M.J., Loman, N., Bogaert, D., & O’Grady, J. Co-infections: potentially lethal and unexplored in COVID-19. The Lancet Microbe, 1(1), e11, (2020).
  10. Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., ... & Cao, B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The lancet, 395(10229), 1054-1062, (2020).
APA
Pérez, A. G. C., & Oluyori, D. A. (2022). A model for COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia coinfection with community- and hospital-acquired infections. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation With Applications, 2(4), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.53391/mmnsa.2022.016
AMA
1.Pérez AGC, Oluyori DA. A model for COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia coinfection with community- and hospital-acquired infections. MMNSA. 2022;2(4):197-210. doi:10.53391/mmnsa.2022.016
Chicago
Pérez, Angel G. Cervantes, and David Adeyemi Oluyori. 2022. “A Model for COVID-19 and Bacterial Pneumonia Coinfection With Community- and Hospital-Acquired Infections”. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation With Applications 2 (4): 197-210. https://doi.org/10.53391/mmnsa.2022.016.
EndNote
Pérez AGC, Oluyori DA (December 1, 2022) A model for COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia coinfection with community- and hospital-acquired infections. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications 2 4 197–210.
IEEE
[1]A. G. C. Pérez and D. A. Oluyori, “A model for COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia coinfection with community- and hospital-acquired infections”, MMNSA, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 197–210, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.53391/mmnsa.2022.016.
ISNAD
Pérez, Angel G. Cervantes - Oluyori, David Adeyemi. “A Model for COVID-19 and Bacterial Pneumonia Coinfection With Community- and Hospital-Acquired Infections”. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications 2/4 (December 1, 2022): 197-210. https://doi.org/10.53391/mmnsa.2022.016.
JAMA
1.Pérez AGC, Oluyori DA. A model for COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia coinfection with community- and hospital-acquired infections. MMNSA. 2022;2:197–210.
MLA
Pérez, Angel G. Cervantes, and David Adeyemi Oluyori. “A Model for COVID-19 and Bacterial Pneumonia Coinfection With Community- and Hospital-Acquired Infections”. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation With Applications, vol. 2, no. 4, Dec. 2022, pp. 197-10, doi:10.53391/mmnsa.2022.016.
Vancouver
1.Angel G. Cervantes Pérez, David Adeyemi Oluyori. A model for COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia coinfection with community- and hospital-acquired infections. MMNSA. 2022 Dec. 1;2(4):197-210. doi:10.53391/mmnsa.2022.016

Cited By