Öz-saygı ve Öz-yeterliliğin Prososyal Hizmet Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Mutluluğun Düzenleyici Rolü: Beyaz Yakalı Çalışanlar Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Bu çalışmada öz-sayı ve öz-yeterliliğin prososyal hizmet davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde mutluluğun düzenleyici rolü incelenmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında bireylerim kendilerine yönelik öz eleştiri ve kendi yeteneklerine yönelik olan inancının topluma fayda sağlamaya yönelik güdüleriyle birleşerek işgörenlerin çalışma arkadaşlarına karşı yardımcı olmaya yönelik davranışlarını şekillendireceği, işgörenlerin mutluluk duygusunun bu süreçte anlamlı rol üstleneceği varsayılmıştır. Araştırma amacı kapsamında Çanakkale ilinde yer alan büyük ölçekli işletmelerde çalışmakta olan 108 beyaz yakalı çalışandan anket tekniği ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere uç değer analizi, normallik testi, açıklayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi yapılmış yapısal eşitlik modeliyle hipotezler test edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda anlamlı bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, öz-saygı ve öz-yeterliliğin prososyal hizmet davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde mutluluğun düzenleyici rol üstlendiği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Öz-saygı
• öz-yeterlilik
• prososyal hizmet davranışı
• mutluluk

The Moderating Role of Happiness in the Effect of Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy on Prosocial Service Behavior: A Study on White-Collar Employees

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and happiness on employees' prosocial service behavior. The study hypothesized that individuals who have high self-esteem, self-efficacy, and a motivation to benefit society are more likely to help their colleagues. Additionally, the study assumed that the level of happiness of employees would moderate the relationship between self-esteem, self-efficacy, and prosocial behavior. Data was collected from 108 white-collar employees working in large-scale enterprises in Çanakkale province through a survey method. The data was analyzed using extreme value analysis, normality test, explanatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis. The results of the study indicate that happiness plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between self-esteem, self-efficacy, and prosocial service behavior.

Keywords

• Self-esteem
• self-efficacy
• prosocial service behavior
• happiness

References

1. Ackfeldt, A. L., & Wong, V. (2006). The Antecedents of Prosocial Service Behaviours: an Empirical Investigation. The Service Industries Journal, 26(7), 727-745.
2. Aknin, L. B., Broesch, T., Hamlin, J. K., & Van de Vondervoort, J. W. (2015). Prosocial Behavior Leads To Happiness in A Small-Scale Rural Society. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(4), 1-28.
3. Bettencourt, L. A., & Brown, S. W. (1997). Contact Employees: Relationships Among Workplace Fairness, Job Satisfaction and Prosocial Service Behaviors. Journal of Retailing, 73(1), 39-61.
4. Brailovskaia, J. & Margraf, J. (2020). How to Measure Self-esteem with One Item? Validation of the German Single-item Self-esteem Scale (G-SISE), Current Psychology, 39(6), 2192-2202.
5. Brief, A. P., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1986). Prosocial Organizational Behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 710-725.
6. Cast, A. D. & Burke, P. J. (2002). A Theory of Self-esteem. Social Forces, 80(3), 1041-1068.
7. Cheng, J. C. ve Chen, C. Y. (2017). “Job Resourcefulness, Work Engagement and Prosocial Service Behaviors in The Hospitality Industry”. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(10), 2668-2687.
8. Davis, A. N., Carlo, G., Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., Lorenzo-Blanco, E. I., ... & Soto, D. (2016). The Longitudinal Associations Between Discrimination, Depressive Symptoms, and Prosocial Behaviors in US Latino/A Recent İmmigrant Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 457-470.

9. Diener, E. (Ed.). (2009). Assessing Well-being: (The Evolving Concept of SubjectiveWell-Being: The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness) The Collected Works of Ed Diener (Vol. 37). Social Indicators Research Series: Springer Netherlands.
10. Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most People are Happy. Psychological Science, 7(3), 181-185.
11. Diener, E., Kesebir, P., & Tov, W. (2009). Happiness. Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior, 147-160.
12. DiMaria, C. H., Peroni, C., & Sarracino, F. (2020). Happiness Matters: Productivity Gains From Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(1), 139-160.
13. Dogan, T., Totan, T. & Sapmaz, F. (2013). The Role of Self-esteem, Psychological Well-being, Emotional Self-efficacy, and Affect Balance on Happiness: A Path Model, European Scientific Journal, 9(20), 31-42.
14. Dunfield, K. A. (2014). A Construct Divided: Prosocial Behavior as Helping, Sharing, and Comforting Subtypes. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 958.
15. Easterlin, R. A. (2003). Explaining Happiness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(19), 11176-11183.
16. Eren, D., Burke, R. J., Astakhova, M., Koyuncu, M., & Kaygısız, N. C. (2014). Service Rewards and Prosocial Service Behaviours Among Employees in Four and Five Star Hotels in Cappadocia. Anatolia, 25(3), 341-351.
17. Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384-412.
18. Francis, L. J., & Lester, D. (1997). Religion, Personality and Happiness. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 12(1), 81-86.
19. Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2000). Maximising Happiness?. German Economic Review, 1(2), 145-167.
20. Goldsmith, R. E. (1986). Dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Journal of social Behavior and Personality, 1(2), 253-264.
21. Gosselin, J. T., & Maddux, J. E. (2003). Self-efficacy. Handbook of Self and Identity, M.R. Leary, J.P. Tangney (Ed.), The Guılford Press: New York London, 218-238.
22. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. (2013). “Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance”. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12.
23. Heale, R. and Twycross, A. (2015). “Validity and reliability in quantitative studies”. Evidence Based Nursing, 18(3), 66-67.
24. Heslin, P. A. (1999). Boosting Empowerment by Developing Self‐Efficacy, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 37(1), 52-64.
25. Heslin, P. A. & Klehe, U. C. (2006). Self-efficacy. Encyclopedia Of Industrial/Organizational Psychology, SG Rogelberg (Ed.), 2, 705-708.
26. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A Compact Scale For The Measurement of Psychological Well-Being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 1073-1082.
27. Jin, Y., Cheng, L., Li, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021). Role Stress and Prosocial Service Behavior of Hotel Employees: A Moderated Mediation Model of Job Satisfaction and Social Support. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-15.
28. Jung, H. S., Hwang, Y. H., & Yoon, H. H. (2023). Impact of Hotel Employees’ Psychological Well-Being on Job Satisfaction and Pro-Social Service Behavior: Moderating Effect of Work–Life Balance. Sustainability, 15(15), 1-16.
29. Kim, H. ve Qu, H. (2020). “The Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Obligation to Link Employees’ Social Exchange Relationships and Prosocial Behavior”. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(2), 644-664.
30. Kim, Y., & Jang, S. J. (2019). Nurses' Organizational Communication Satisfaction, Emotional Labor, and Prosocial Service Behavior: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 21(2), 223-230.
31. Leary, M. R. & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The Nature and Function of Self-esteem: Sociometer Theory, In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 1-62.
32. Lee, Y. K., Nam, J. H., Park, D. H. ve Lee, K. A. (2006). “What Factors Influence Customer‐Oriented Prosocial Behavior of Customer‐Contact Employees?”. Journal of Services Marketing, 20(4), 251-264.
33. Luszczynska, A., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). The General Self-Efficacy Scale: Multicultural Validation Studies. The Journal of Psychology, 139(5), 439-457.
34. Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C. & DiMatteo, M. R. (2006). What are the Differences Between Happiness and Self-esteem, Social Indicators Research, 78, 363-404.
35. Montcalm, D. M. (1999). Applying Bandura's Theory Of Self-Efficacy to The Teaching of Research. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 19(1-2), 93-107.
36. Moynihan, D. P., DeLeire, T., & Enami, K. (2015). A Life Worth Living: Evidence on The Relationship Between Prosocial Values and Happiness. The American review of public administration, 45(3), 311-326.
37. Ng, Y. K. (1996). Happiness Surveys: Some Comparability Issues and an Exploratory Survey Based on Just Perceivable Increments. Social Indicators Research, 38, 1-27.
38. Orth, U. & Robins, R. W. (2014). The Development of Self-Esteem, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 381-387.
39. Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J. & Schimel, J. (2004). Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review, Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 435-468.
40. Richardson, C. G., Ratner, P. A. & Zumbo, B. D. (2009). Further Support for Multidimensionality within the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Current Psychology, 28, 98-114.
41. Rinner, M. T., Haller, E., Meyer, A. H., & Gloster, A. T. (2022). Is Giving Receiving? The Influence of Autonomy on The Association Between Prosocial Behavior and Well-Being. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 24, 120-125.
42. Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., Schoenbach, C. & Rosenberg, F. (1995). Global Self-esteem and Specific Self-esteem: Different Concepts, Different Outcomes, American Sociological Review, 141-156.
43. Schunk, D. H. & Pajares, F. (2002). The Development of Academic Self-Efficacy. Development of Achievement Motivation, 15-31.
44. Schunk, D. H., & Pajares, F. (2009). Self-efficacy Theory. Handbook of Motivation at School, K.R. Wentzel, A. Wigfield (Ed.), Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: New York, London, 35, 54.
45. Schwarzer, R. & Luszczynska, A. (2008). Self efficacy. Handbook of Positive Psychology Assessment, W. Ruch, A.B. Bakker, L. Tay, F. Gander (Ed.) 207-217.
46. Snippe, E., Jeronimus, B. F., aan het Rot, M., Bos, E. H., de Jonge, P., & Wichers, M. (2018). The Reciprocity of Prosocial Behavior and Positive Affect in Daily Life. Journal of Personality, 86(2), 139-146.
47. Turkdogan, T. (2017). Exploring the Antecedents of Happiness: Reconceptualization of Human Needs with Glasser's Choice Theory. In Quality of life and quality of working life. Ed. (Boas, Alice Vilas) IntechOpen.
48. Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). “Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46, 74-85.
49. Zeigler-Hill, V. (Ed.). (2013). Self-esteem (Vol. 1), Psychology Press.
50. Zulkosky, K. (2009, April). Self‐efficacy: a concept analysis. In Nursing forum (Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 93-102). Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Inc.