BibTex RIS Cite

The investigation of relationship between adrenomedullin vascular growth endothelial factor in obese and calorie restricted rats

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 124 - 129, 11.02.2016
https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.31121

Abstract

Objective: Obesity and overweight are the most frequent chronic medical problems, and the increasing prevalence of obesity is a worldwide phenomenon. According to the data of World Health Organization (WHO) obesity affects over 300 million people. This study reports the effects of adrenomedullin (AdM) in obesity, due to its functions as arranging vascular endothelial function, and adjusting adipogenesis.

Material and Methods: Rats were separated into five groups randomly. Tissues were collected when the rats of obesity groups were gained 20% of their weights, and when the rats of calorie restricted groups were lost 20% of their weights. Then, AdM and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured.

Results: We showed that AdM application increased VEGF in all tissues of calorie restriction+AdM group, and the most spectacular effect of AdM injection was the quite elevated VEGF level of white adipose tissue (WAT) in calorie restriction+AdM group, because these individuals need passive fat depots (WAT) more than biologically active fat tissue (brown adipose tissue: BAT). Other remarkable level was in obese+AdM; AdM application lowered VEGF level by diminishing WAT depots. Contrary to this, AdM application increased VEGF levels of BAT in obese+AdM group.

Conclusion: There is a synergy between AdM and VEGF. AdM regulates the vascularization of tissues (WAT or BAT) according to the individual’s requirement. Consequently, AdM may have a protective effect towards obesity, and according to metabolic situation of individual’s adipose tissue, AdM application may provide consumption of energy by increasing vasculature of BAT in obese individuals.

References

  • WHO. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity Geneva June 1997. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998. HO/NUT/NCD/98:1.
  • Comuzzie AG, Williams JT, Martin LJ, Blangero J. Searching for genes underlying normal variation in human adiposity. J Mol Med (Berl). 2001; 79(1):57-70.
  • Haenle MM, Brockmann SO, Kron M, Bertling U, Mason RA, Steinbach G, Boehm BO, Koenig W, Kern P, Piechotowski I, Kratzer W. Overweight, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption in a cross-sectional random sample of German adults. BMC Public Health. 2006; 6:233.
  • Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Cadwell BL, Imperatore G, Williams DE, Flegal KM, Narayan KMV, Williamson DF (2005) Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. JAMA. 2005; 20:1868-1874.
  • Brown CD, Higgins M, Donato KA, Rohde FC, Garrison R, Obarzanek E, Ernst ND, Horan M.Body mass index and the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obesity Research. 2000; 8(9):605-619.
  • Kitamura K, Kangawa K., Kawamoto M, Ichiki Y, Nakamura S, Matsuo H, Eto T (1993) Adrenomedullin: a novel hypotensive peptide isolated from human pheochromocytoma. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications. 1993; 192:553-560.
  • Eto T, Kitamura K, Kato J (1999) Biological and clinical roles of adrenomedullin in circulation control and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 1999; 26:371-380.
  • Kato J, Tsuruda T, Kitamura K, Eto T (2003) Adrenomedullin: a possible autocrine or paracrine hormone in the cardiac ventricles. Hypertension Research. 2003; 26 (Suppl):S113-S119.
  • Kato J, Tsuruda T, Kita T, Kitamura K, Eto T. Adrenomedullin: a protective factor for blood vessels, Arteriosclerosis. Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2005; 25:2480-2487.
  • Shimosawa T, Ogihara T, Matsui H, Asano T, Ando K, Fujita T. Deficiency of adrenomedullin induces insulin resistance by increasing oxidative stress. Hypertension. 2003; 41:1080-1085.
  • Harmancey R, Sernard JM, Rouet P, Pathak A, Smih F. Adrenomedullin inhibits adipogenesis under transcriptional control of insulin. Diabetes. 2007; 56:553-563.
  • Iemura-Inaba C, Nishikimi T, Akimoto K, Yoshihara F, Minamino N, Matsuoka H (2008) Role of adrenomedullin system in lipid metabolism and its signaling mechanism in cultured adipocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R1376-1384.
  • Nambu T, Arai H, Komatsu Y, Yasoda A, Moriyama K, Kanamoto N, Itoh H, Nakao K. Expression of the adrenomedullin gene in adipose tissue. Regulatory Peptides 2005; 132:17-22.
  • Folkman J, D’Amore PA. Blood vessel formation: what is its molecular basis? Cell 1996; 87:1153–1155.
  • Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature. 2000; 407:249–257.
  • Folkman J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nature Medicine. 1995; 1:27–37.
  • Risau W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature. 1997; 286:671–674.
  • Bohem T, Folkman J, Browder T, O’Reilly MS. Antiangiogenic therapy of experimental cancer does not induce acquired drug resistance. Nature. 1997; 390:404–407.
  • Bine´truy-Tournaire R, Demangel C, Malavaud B, Vassy R, Rouyre S, Kraemer M, Plouët J, Derbin C, Perret G, Mazié JC. Identification of a peptide blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- mediated angiogenesis. EMBO Journal. 2000; 19:1525–1533.
  • Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nature Medicine. 2003; 9:653- 660.
  • Cao Y. Angiogenesis modulates adipogenesis and obesity. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2007; 117:2362–2368.
  • Xue Y, Petrovic N, Cao R, Larsson O, Lim S, Chen S, Feldmann HM, Liang Z, Zhu Z, Nedergaard J, Cannon B, Cao Y. Hypoxia-independent angiogenesis in adipose tissues during cold acclimation. Cell Metabolism. 2009; 9:99–109.
  • Cao Y. Adipose tissue angiogenesis as a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic diseases. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2010; 9:107-115.
  • Nuki C, Kawasaki H, Kitamura K, Takenaga M, Kangawa K, Eto T, Wada A. Vasodilator effect of adrenomedullin and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in rat mesenteric vascular beds. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993; 196:245-251.
  • Santiago JA, Garrison E, Purnell WL, Smith RE, Champion HC, Coy DH, Murphy WA, Kadowitz PJ. Comparison of responses to adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin analogs in the mesenteric vascular bed of the cat. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995; 272:115-118.
  • Nossaman BD, Feng CJ, Cheng DY, Dewitt BJ, Coy DH, Murphy WA, Kadowitz PJ. Comparative effects of adrenomedullin, an adrenomedullin analog, and CGRP in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat and rat. Life Sci. 1995; 56:PL63-PL66.
  • Balat A, Cekmen M, Yurekli M, Gulcan H, Kutlu O, Turkoz Y, Yologlu S. Adrenomedullin and nitrite levels in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Pediat Nephr. 2000; 15:1-2:70-73.
  • Owji AA, Smith DM, Coppock HA, Morgan DG, Bhogal R, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. An abundant and specific binding site for the novel vasodilator adrenomedullin in the rat. Endocrinol. 1995; 136:5:2127-2134.
  • Shibasaki I, Nishikimi T, Mochizuki Y, Yamada Y, Yoshitatsu M, Inoue Y, Kuwata T, Ogawa H, Tsuchiya G, Ishimitsu T, Fukuda H. Greater expression of inflammatory cytokines, adrenomedullin, and natriuretic peptide receptor-C in epicardial adipose tissue in coronary artery disease. Reg Pept. 2010; 165:210–217.
  • Ferrara N. VEGF and the quest for tumor angiogenesis factors. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002; 2:795–803.
  • Hoeben A, Landuyt B, Highley MS, Wildiers H, Van Oosterom AT, De Bruijin EA. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis. Pharmacol Rev. 2004; 56:549–580.
  • Guidolin D, Albertin G, Spinazzi R, Sorato E, Mascarin A, Cavallo D, Antonello M, Ribatti D. Adrenomedullin stimulates angiogenic response in cultured human vascular endothelial cells: Involvement of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Peptides. 2008; 29:2013-2023.
  • Evans JJ, Chitcholtan K, Dann JM, Guilford P, Gavin Harris, Lewis LK, Nagase J, Welkamp AAW, Zwerus R, Sykes PH. Adrenomedullin interacts with VEGF in endometrial cancer and has varied modulation in tumours of different grades. Gyn Oncolg. 2012; 125:214–219
  • Asano A, Kimura K, Saito M. Cold-induced mRNA expression of angiogenic factors in rat brown adipose tissue. J Vet Med Sci. 1999; 61:403–409.
  • Kabon B, Nagele A, Reddy D, Eagon C, Fleshman JW, Sessler DI, Kurz A. Obesity decreases perioperative tissue oxygenation. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:274–280.
  • Claffey KP, Wilkison WO, Spiegelman BM. Vascular endothelial growth factor. Regulation by cell differentiation and activated second messenger pathways. J Biol Chem. 1992; 267:16317–16322.
  • Zhang QX, Magovern CJ, Mack CA, Budenbender KT, Ko W, Rosengart TK.Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum: mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis. J Surg Res.1997;67:147–154.
Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 124 - 129, 11.02.2016
https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.31121

Abstract

References

  • WHO. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity Geneva June 1997. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998. HO/NUT/NCD/98:1.
  • Comuzzie AG, Williams JT, Martin LJ, Blangero J. Searching for genes underlying normal variation in human adiposity. J Mol Med (Berl). 2001; 79(1):57-70.
  • Haenle MM, Brockmann SO, Kron M, Bertling U, Mason RA, Steinbach G, Boehm BO, Koenig W, Kern P, Piechotowski I, Kratzer W. Overweight, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption in a cross-sectional random sample of German adults. BMC Public Health. 2006; 6:233.
  • Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Cadwell BL, Imperatore G, Williams DE, Flegal KM, Narayan KMV, Williamson DF (2005) Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. JAMA. 2005; 20:1868-1874.
  • Brown CD, Higgins M, Donato KA, Rohde FC, Garrison R, Obarzanek E, Ernst ND, Horan M.Body mass index and the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obesity Research. 2000; 8(9):605-619.
  • Kitamura K, Kangawa K., Kawamoto M, Ichiki Y, Nakamura S, Matsuo H, Eto T (1993) Adrenomedullin: a novel hypotensive peptide isolated from human pheochromocytoma. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications. 1993; 192:553-560.
  • Eto T, Kitamura K, Kato J (1999) Biological and clinical roles of adrenomedullin in circulation control and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 1999; 26:371-380.
  • Kato J, Tsuruda T, Kitamura K, Eto T (2003) Adrenomedullin: a possible autocrine or paracrine hormone in the cardiac ventricles. Hypertension Research. 2003; 26 (Suppl):S113-S119.
  • Kato J, Tsuruda T, Kita T, Kitamura K, Eto T. Adrenomedullin: a protective factor for blood vessels, Arteriosclerosis. Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2005; 25:2480-2487.
  • Shimosawa T, Ogihara T, Matsui H, Asano T, Ando K, Fujita T. Deficiency of adrenomedullin induces insulin resistance by increasing oxidative stress. Hypertension. 2003; 41:1080-1085.
  • Harmancey R, Sernard JM, Rouet P, Pathak A, Smih F. Adrenomedullin inhibits adipogenesis under transcriptional control of insulin. Diabetes. 2007; 56:553-563.
  • Iemura-Inaba C, Nishikimi T, Akimoto K, Yoshihara F, Minamino N, Matsuoka H (2008) Role of adrenomedullin system in lipid metabolism and its signaling mechanism in cultured adipocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R1376-1384.
  • Nambu T, Arai H, Komatsu Y, Yasoda A, Moriyama K, Kanamoto N, Itoh H, Nakao K. Expression of the adrenomedullin gene in adipose tissue. Regulatory Peptides 2005; 132:17-22.
  • Folkman J, D’Amore PA. Blood vessel formation: what is its molecular basis? Cell 1996; 87:1153–1155.
  • Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature. 2000; 407:249–257.
  • Folkman J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nature Medicine. 1995; 1:27–37.
  • Risau W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature. 1997; 286:671–674.
  • Bohem T, Folkman J, Browder T, O’Reilly MS. Antiangiogenic therapy of experimental cancer does not induce acquired drug resistance. Nature. 1997; 390:404–407.
  • Bine´truy-Tournaire R, Demangel C, Malavaud B, Vassy R, Rouyre S, Kraemer M, Plouët J, Derbin C, Perret G, Mazié JC. Identification of a peptide blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- mediated angiogenesis. EMBO Journal. 2000; 19:1525–1533.
  • Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nature Medicine. 2003; 9:653- 660.
  • Cao Y. Angiogenesis modulates adipogenesis and obesity. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2007; 117:2362–2368.
  • Xue Y, Petrovic N, Cao R, Larsson O, Lim S, Chen S, Feldmann HM, Liang Z, Zhu Z, Nedergaard J, Cannon B, Cao Y. Hypoxia-independent angiogenesis in adipose tissues during cold acclimation. Cell Metabolism. 2009; 9:99–109.
  • Cao Y. Adipose tissue angiogenesis as a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic diseases. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2010; 9:107-115.
  • Nuki C, Kawasaki H, Kitamura K, Takenaga M, Kangawa K, Eto T, Wada A. Vasodilator effect of adrenomedullin and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in rat mesenteric vascular beds. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993; 196:245-251.
  • Santiago JA, Garrison E, Purnell WL, Smith RE, Champion HC, Coy DH, Murphy WA, Kadowitz PJ. Comparison of responses to adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin analogs in the mesenteric vascular bed of the cat. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995; 272:115-118.
  • Nossaman BD, Feng CJ, Cheng DY, Dewitt BJ, Coy DH, Murphy WA, Kadowitz PJ. Comparative effects of adrenomedullin, an adrenomedullin analog, and CGRP in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat and rat. Life Sci. 1995; 56:PL63-PL66.
  • Balat A, Cekmen M, Yurekli M, Gulcan H, Kutlu O, Turkoz Y, Yologlu S. Adrenomedullin and nitrite levels in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Pediat Nephr. 2000; 15:1-2:70-73.
  • Owji AA, Smith DM, Coppock HA, Morgan DG, Bhogal R, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. An abundant and specific binding site for the novel vasodilator adrenomedullin in the rat. Endocrinol. 1995; 136:5:2127-2134.
  • Shibasaki I, Nishikimi T, Mochizuki Y, Yamada Y, Yoshitatsu M, Inoue Y, Kuwata T, Ogawa H, Tsuchiya G, Ishimitsu T, Fukuda H. Greater expression of inflammatory cytokines, adrenomedullin, and natriuretic peptide receptor-C in epicardial adipose tissue in coronary artery disease. Reg Pept. 2010; 165:210–217.
  • Ferrara N. VEGF and the quest for tumor angiogenesis factors. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002; 2:795–803.
  • Hoeben A, Landuyt B, Highley MS, Wildiers H, Van Oosterom AT, De Bruijin EA. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis. Pharmacol Rev. 2004; 56:549–580.
  • Guidolin D, Albertin G, Spinazzi R, Sorato E, Mascarin A, Cavallo D, Antonello M, Ribatti D. Adrenomedullin stimulates angiogenic response in cultured human vascular endothelial cells: Involvement of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Peptides. 2008; 29:2013-2023.
  • Evans JJ, Chitcholtan K, Dann JM, Guilford P, Gavin Harris, Lewis LK, Nagase J, Welkamp AAW, Zwerus R, Sykes PH. Adrenomedullin interacts with VEGF in endometrial cancer and has varied modulation in tumours of different grades. Gyn Oncolg. 2012; 125:214–219
  • Asano A, Kimura K, Saito M. Cold-induced mRNA expression of angiogenic factors in rat brown adipose tissue. J Vet Med Sci. 1999; 61:403–409.
  • Kabon B, Nagele A, Reddy D, Eagon C, Fleshman JW, Sessler DI, Kurz A. Obesity decreases perioperative tissue oxygenation. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:274–280.
  • Claffey KP, Wilkison WO, Spiegelman BM. Vascular endothelial growth factor. Regulation by cell differentiation and activated second messenger pathways. J Biol Chem. 1992; 267:16317–16322.
  • Zhang QX, Magovern CJ, Mack CA, Budenbender KT, Ko W, Rosengart TK.Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum: mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis. J Surg Res.1997;67:147–154.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muhittin Yurekli

Ayse Culum This is me

Publication Date February 11, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yurekli, M., & Culum, A. (2016). The investigation of relationship between adrenomedullin vascular growth endothelial factor in obese and calorie restricted rats. Medical Science and Discovery, 3(3), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.31121
AMA Yurekli M, Culum A. The investigation of relationship between adrenomedullin vascular growth endothelial factor in obese and calorie restricted rats. Med Sci Discov. March 2016;3(3):124-129. doi:10.17546/msd.31121
Chicago Yurekli, Muhittin, and Ayse Culum. “The Investigation of Relationship Between Adrenomedullin Vascular Growth Endothelial Factor in Obese and Calorie Restricted Rats”. Medical Science and Discovery 3, no. 3 (March 2016): 124-29. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.31121.
EndNote Yurekli M, Culum A (March 1, 2016) The investigation of relationship between adrenomedullin vascular growth endothelial factor in obese and calorie restricted rats. Medical Science and Discovery 3 3 124–129.
IEEE M. Yurekli and A. Culum, “The investigation of relationship between adrenomedullin vascular growth endothelial factor in obese and calorie restricted rats”, Med Sci Discov, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 124–129, 2016, doi: 10.17546/msd.31121.
ISNAD Yurekli, Muhittin - Culum, Ayse. “The Investigation of Relationship Between Adrenomedullin Vascular Growth Endothelial Factor in Obese and Calorie Restricted Rats”. Medical Science and Discovery 3/3 (March 2016), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.31121.
JAMA Yurekli M, Culum A. The investigation of relationship between adrenomedullin vascular growth endothelial factor in obese and calorie restricted rats. Med Sci Discov. 2016;3:124–129.
MLA Yurekli, Muhittin and Ayse Culum. “The Investigation of Relationship Between Adrenomedullin Vascular Growth Endothelial Factor in Obese and Calorie Restricted Rats”. Medical Science and Discovery, vol. 3, no. 3, 2016, pp. 124-9, doi:10.17546/msd.31121.
Vancouver Yurekli M, Culum A. The investigation of relationship between adrenomedullin vascular growth endothelial factor in obese and calorie restricted rats. Med Sci Discov. 2016;3(3):124-9.