Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review

Faiz Ni'matul Haq; Nuray Soydemir Çiftçi

Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Plastic pollution and heavy metal contamination represent critical threats to marine ecosystems globally, yet their combined occurrence and interaction remain poorly understood. Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic nation, experiences severe contamination in its coastal waters from both pollutant classes, but no systematic synthesis has examined their co-occurrence and ecological implications. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the spatial distribution, interaction mechanisms, and ecological consequences of microplastic and heavy metal co-contamination in Indonesian coastal ecosystems. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Keywords included microplastic, heavy metal, marine pollution, Indonesia, and bioindicator. Data were extracted on contaminant concentrations, polymer types, metal species, and bioaccumulation patterns. Highest microplastic concentrations occurred in Jakarta Bay (1,800–18,000 particles/m³ in water; 45,066 particles/kg in sediment), while the Citarum River showed up to 130,000 particles/L near discharge points. Heavy metals including Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn exceeded marine quality standards in urban-industrial zones. These findings demonstrate that microplastic-heavy metal co-contamination creates emergent ecological risks exceeding additive predictions, threatening marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Integrated monitoring using bioindicator species and coordinated management frameworks are urgently required.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ecotoxicology

Journal Section

Review Article

Authors

Faiz Ni'matul Haq ^*
0009-0001-7989-6051
Türkiye

Nuray Soydemir Çiftçi
0000-0002-2925-2023
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

October 30, 2026

Publication Date

October 31, 2026

Submission Date

September 11, 2026

Acceptance Date

October 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 1 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA56GZ78AG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ni’matul Haq, F., & Soydemir Çiftçi, N. (2026). Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review. Marine Science and Environmental Research, 1(1), 47-61. https://izlik.org/JA56GZ78AG

AMA

1.Ni’matul Haq F, Soydemir Çiftçi N. Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review. Mar. Sci. Environ. Res. 2026;1(1):47-61. https://izlik.org/JA56GZ78AG

Chicago

Ni’matul Haq, Faiz, and Nuray Soydemir Çiftçi. 2026. “Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review”. Marine Science and Environmental Research 1 (1): 47-61. https://izlik.org/JA56GZ78AG.

EndNote

Ni’matul Haq F, Soydemir Çiftçi N (October 1, 2026) Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review. Marine Science and Environmental Research 1 1 47–61.

IEEE

[1]F. Ni’matul Haq and N. Soydemir Çiftçi, “Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review”, Mar. Sci. Environ. Res., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 47–61, Oct. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA56GZ78AG

ISNAD

Ni’matul Haq, Faiz - Soydemir Çiftçi, Nuray. “Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review”. Marine Science and Environmental Research 1/1 (October 1, 2026): 47-61. https://izlik.org/JA56GZ78AG.

JAMA

1.Ni’matul Haq F, Soydemir Çiftçi N. Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review. Mar. Sci. Environ. Res. 2026;1:47–61.

MLA

Ni’matul Haq, Faiz, and Nuray Soydemir Çiftçi. “Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review”. Marine Science and Environmental Research, vol. 1, no. 1, Oct. 2026, pp. 47-61, https://izlik.org/JA56GZ78AG.

Vancouver

1.Faiz Ni’matul Haq, Nuray Soydemir Çiftçi. Microplastic-Heavy Metal Co-Contamination in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems: A Systematic Review. Mar. Sci. Environ. Res. [Internet]. 2026 Oct. 1;1(1):47-61. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA56GZ78AG