Bilgisayar kullananlarda mesleki kas-iskelet yakınmaları ve ergonomi

Year 2011, Volume: 11 Issue: 41, 45 - 52, 01.08.2011

Asuman Doğan Bilgehan Tekindal Güvenç Baran Neşe Özgirgin

Abstract

Özet Teknoloji ve iletişim sistemlerinin gelişmesi ile bilgisayarlar yaşamımızda daha fazla yer almış, hem işte, hem de evde bilgisayarlar başında giderek daha uzun saatler geçirilmeye başlanmıştır. Saatler boyunca sabit pozisyonda bilgisayar ile çalışanlarda üst ekstremite boyun ve sırt yakınmalarının oranlarının arttığı da gözlenmiştir. Çalışma süreleri, ara verme, kötü postür, tekrarlayan hareketler, çalışma araçlarının ergonomik olmaması, kişisel ve psikososyal faktörler kas iskelet yakınmaları ile ilişkili midir? Bilgisayar kullananlarda sık görülen kas iskelet yakınmaları doğru çalışma duruşlarının öğretilmesi, ergonomi eğitimleri, dinlenme aralarında kolayca yapılabilecek egzersizler ve işyeri ortamının ergonomik düzenlenmesi gibi basit yöntemlerle önlenebilir mi? Bu derlemede amaç; bilgisayar kullananlarda MKİY sıklığı ve risk faktörlerini literatür çerçevesinde tartışmak ve bu risk faktörlerinden korunmak için, çalışma ortamı, araçları, çalışma postürü ve aralarda yapılacak egzersizler hakkında bilgileri gözden geçirmektir. Anahtar Sözcükler: bilgisayar kullananlar, mesleki kas-iskeletrahatsızlıkları, ergonomi. Abstract Computers have started to occupy a greater place in our lives with the development of technology and communication systems. Increasingly, longer hours are spent sitting at the computer at both work and home. Sitting in a fixed position for hours, not giving any break, bad posture, repeating motions and work appliances which are not ergonomical, added up with individual factors such as age and sex and psychosocial and work-related problems, result in increasing rates of musculoskeletal complaints in computer users. As a result, decrease in efficiency, increase in absenteeism and health expenditures have revealed the necessity for ergonomical applications aimed at decreasing risk factors. It is possible to prevent or decrease the musculoskeletal complaints frequently observed in computer users with simple methods such as teaching correct working positions, ergonomic trainings, exercises that can be easily done during rest breaks and ergonomical arrangement of the workplace. In this review, the aim is to discuss under the framework of the literature the frequency of occupational musculoskeletal complaints OMSC in computer users and the risk factors and to reviewthe available information on work appliances, work posture, their ergonomical features for protection from these risk factors. Key Words: Computer users, work-related musculo-skeletal complaints, ergonomics.

Keywords

bilgisayar kullananlar, mesleki kas- iskelet rahatsızlıkları, ergonomi

References

• Wahlström J.Ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders and computer work. Occup Med. 2005; 55: 168–176.
• US Department of labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Workplace Injuries and Illness in 1999, USDL 00-357 http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/osh/os/osnr0011.pdf erişim tarihi 22.7.2011
• Wahlström J., Ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders and computer work. Occup Med 2005;55(3):168–76.
• E. Özcan, S. Esmaeılzade, N. Bölükbaş. Bilgisayar kullananlarda mesleki kas iskelet hastalıklarından korunma ve ergonomi. Nobel Med 2007;3(1): 12-17.
• Woods V. Musculoskeletal disorders and visual strain in intensive data processing workers. Occup Med. 2005 ; : 121–127.
• Marcus M, Gerr F, Monteilh C, Ortiz DJ, Gentry E, Cohen S, Edwards A, Ensor C, Kleinbaum D.A prospective study of computer users: II.Postural risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders. Am J Ind Med; 2002; 41: 236–249.
• TÜİK, Girişimlerde Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı Araştırması 2010 Sayı 195, www.tuik.gov.tr: Erişim tarihi 24.07.2011
• Baran G, Doğan A, Akdur R . The Musculoske letal System Complaints of Office-Workers in a Vehicle Production Factory Hum Factors Ergon Manuf. 2011; (5):474–483
• İskender Gün, Ali Özer, Eylem Ekinci, Ahmet Öztürk. Lassen C.F, Mikkelsen S, Kryger A.I, Brandt L.P.A, Overgaard E, et al Elbow and Wrist/hand Symptoms Among 6,943 computer operators: A 1 year folow-up Study (The NUDATA Study) Am J Ind Med ;46:521-533. Hagberg M, Vılheimsson R, Tornovist E W and Toomingas A Incidence of self-reported reduced productiivty owing to musculoskeletal symptoms: association with workplace and individual factors among computer users Ergonomics 2007; 50(11): 1834.
• Werner RA, Franzblau A, Gell N, Ulın SS, Armstrong TJ. A longitudinal study of industrial and clerical workers: predictors of upper extremity tendonitis. J Occup Rehabil, 2005;15: 37–46.
• Treaster DE, Burr D. Gender differences in prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomics. 2004; 47: 495-526.
• Tornqvist EW, Hagberg M, Hagman M, Risberg EH, Toomingas A. The influence of working conditions and individual factors on the incidence of neck and upper limb symptoms among professional computer users. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009 ; (6):689-702.
• Bongers PM, Ijmker S, Van den Heuvel S, Blatter BM. Epidemiology of work related neck and upper limb problems: psychosocial and personal risk factors (part I) and effective interventions from a bio behavioural perspective (part II). J Occup Rehabil. 2006; (3):279-302.
• Macfarlane GJ, Pallewatte N, Paudyal P, Blyth FM, Coggon D, Crombez G, Linton S, Leino-Arjas P, Silman AJ, Smeets RJ,van der Windt D. Evaluation of work-related psychosocial factors and regional musculoskeletal pain: results from a EULAR Task Force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68(6): 885-91.
• Hannan LM, Monteilh CP, Gerr F, Kleinbaum DG, Marcus M. Job strain and risk of musculoskeletal symptoms among a prospective cohort of occupational computer users. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2005; (5):375-86.
• Nag PK, Pal S, Nag A, Vyas H. Influence of arm and wrist support on forearm and back muscle activity in computer keyboard operation. Appl Ergon. 2009 Mar;40(2):286-91. Epub 2008 May 27.
• Çağatay G: Sağlık Boyutuyla Ergonomi Hekim ve Mühendisler İçin. Ankara. Gerr F, Monteilh CP, Marcus M. Keyboard use and musculoskeletal outcomes among computer users. J Occup Rehabil. 2006 ;16(3):265-77.
• Eltayeb S, Staal B, Kennes J, Lambers P HG et al. Prevalence of complaints of arm, neck and shoulder among computer office workers and psychometric evaluation of a risk factor questionnaire BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007; 8 (68):1-11
• Shikdar AA, Al-Kindi MA. Office ergonomics: deficiencies in computer workstation design. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2007;13(2):215-23.
• Pascarelli F, Kella J. Soft-tissue inquries related to use of the computer keyboard. J. Occupp. Med., :35(5):522-32. Verhagen AP, Karels CC, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Burdorf LL, Feleus A, Dahaghin SS, de Vet HC, Koes BW. WITHDRAWN: Ergonomic and physiotherapeutic interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8;(3):CD003471.
• Brewer S, Van Eerd D, Amick BC 3rd, Irvin E, Daum KM, Gerr F, Moore JS, Cullen K, Rempel D.Workplace interventions to prevent musculoskeletal and visual symptoms and disorders among computer users: a systematic review. J Occup Rehabil. 2006 ;16(3):325
• Mekhora K, Liston CB, Nanthavanij S, et al. The effect of ergonomic intervention on dis comfort in computer users with tension neck syndrome. Int J Ind Ergon 2000;26:367-379.
• Ketola R, Toivonen R, Hakanken M. Effects of ergonomic intervention in work with video display units. Scand J Work Environ Heath 2002; 28; 18-24.
• Sen R O, Özcan E, Karan A, Ketenci A. Musculoskeletal System Disease in Computer Users: Effectiveness of Training and Exercise Program . J Back Musculoskletal Rehabil 2004: 17; 9-13 .
• Bernaards CM, Ariëns GA, Simons M, Knol DL, Hildebrandt VH. Improving work style behavior in computer workers with neck and upper limb symptoms.J Occup Rehabil. 2008 ;18(1):87-101.
• Bernaards CM, Bosmans JE, Hildebrandt VH, Van Tulder MW, Heymans MW.The cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle physical activity intervention in addition to a work style intervention on recovery from neck and upper limb symptoms and pain reduction in computer workers. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(4):265-72.
• Speklé EM, Hoozemans MJ, Blatter BM, Heinrich J, van der Beek AJ, Knol DL, Bongers PM, van Dieën JH. Effectiveness of a questionnaire based intervention programme on the prevalence of arm, shoulder and neck symptoms, risk factors and sick leave in computer workers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in an occupational setting. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010; 27: 11:99.
• Emel Özcan. İşe Bağlı Kas İskelet Hastalıklarında Rehabilitasyon ve Ergonomi In M Beyazova, YG Kutsal (Eds) Fiziksel Tıp ve Tıbbi Rehabilitasyon Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri Ankara, 2011 p 3189-3198.
• Ayanoğlu C. İş yerinde ergonomi ve stress. İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Dergisi 2007; 34 : 29-36
• Erkan N. Ergonomi. Verimlilik, sağlık ve güvenlik için insan faktörü mühenisliği. Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi Yayınları No:373.,Mert Matbaası, 2000 Ankara.
• Başbozkurt M, Yıldız C. “Campbell”s Operative Orthopaedics”, İstanbul, Güneş Kitapevleri, 2010 s.69
• Başbozkurt M, Yıldız C. “Campbell”s Operative Orthopaedics”, Güneş Kitap Evi, İstanbul 2010 ss.69- 146.l