Karşılaştırmalı Perspektiften Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Yabancı / Parya Cellatlar

Year 2017, Issue: 15, 92 - 117, 01.04.2017

Egemen Yılgür

Abstract

Otorite sisteminin kurumlaştığı toplumsal yapılarda cellat son derece yaygın bir toplumsal figür olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hem merkezileşmiş kabile toplumlarında hem de daha kompleks bir örgütlenmeye sahip olan büyük devlet yapılarında cellatların Simmel’in yabancı ve Max Weber’in parya konseptleriyle ele aldıkları toplumsal kesimlerin mensupları arasından seçilmesi sıkça görülen bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda cellatların yabancı/parya sınıflandırması ile ele alınabilecek toplumsal kesimlerden seçilmelerine ilişkin kronikler ve seyyahların anlatılarından derlenmiş örnekler paylaşılmakta, çağdaşı ve selefleri gibi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun da cellat temini pratiklerinde yabancı/parya topluluklara yönelmesini belirleyen dinamikler sosyo-tarihsel arka plan temel alınarak tartışma konusu yapılmaktadır

Keywords

Cellat, Osmanlı, yabancı, parya, peripatetik gruplar, dilsizler, hadımlar

Stranger / Pariah Executioners in the Ottoman Empire from a Comparative Perspective

Abstract

Executioners were common social figures in societies of institutionalized power structures. It was a common practice that many of them were recruited from among the members of social groups which were discussed by Simmel and Weber in the context of the stranger and pariah concepts respectively in both centralized tribal communities and more complex state structures. In this study, the samples, collected from chronicles and narratives of travelers, reflecting the fact that executioners were sometimes recruited from among the groups which can be classified as stranger/pariah are presented and the dynamics determining the Ottoman Empire’s intention, like its predecessors and contemporaries, to employ the stranger/pariah communities as its executioners considering socio-historical background are discussed

Keywords

Executioner, Ottoman, stranger, pariah, peripatetic groups, mutes, eunuchs

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