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URBAN GARDENING: AN EVALUATION FROM A SUSTAINABLE CITY PERSPECTIVE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 42, 279 - 298, 29.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.56524/msydergi.1453615

Öz

Urban gardening practices are preferred due to their contributions such as providing sustainable food supply, contributing to urban aesthetics, making green infrastructure resilient, strengthening social ties, reducing carbon footprint, improving quality of life and encouraging citizen participation. In addition to city administrators, citizens also contribute to these practices, sometimes individually and sometimes collectively. Throughout the study, practices referred to as community gardening, guerrilla gardening and do-it-yourself gardening are presented under the umbrella concept of urban gardening. The aim of the study is to make evaluations in the context of sustainable urban policies by analysing urban gardening practices comprehensively on the theoretical and practical axis.

Kaynakça

  • Ackerman, Kubi, Conard, Michael, Culligan, Patricia, Plunz, Richard, Sutto, Maria-Paola ve Whittinghill, Leigh (2014), “Sustainable Food Systems for Future Cities: The Potential of Urban Agriculture”, The Economic and Social Review, 45 (2), s. 189-206.
  • Aktepe, Münir (1958), “18. Asrın İlk Yarısında İstanbul’un Nüfus Meselelerine Dair Bazı Vesikalar,” İstanbul Üniversitesi Tarih Dergisi, 9 (3), s. 1-30.
  • Andersson, Erik., Barthel, Stephan, ve Ahrné, Karin (2007), “Measuring Social–Ecological Dynamics Behind the Generation of Ecosystem Services”, Ecological Applications, 17 (5), s. 1267-1278.
  • Armstrong, Donna (2000), “A Survey of Community Gardens in Upstate New York: Implications for Health Promotion and Community Development.” Health & Place, 6(4), s. 319-327.
  • Atkinson, Jennifer (2007), “Seeds of Change: The New Place of Gardens in Contemporary Utopia”, Utopian Studies, 18 (2), s. 237-260.
  • Avrupa Konseyi, (2000), “Avrupa Konseyi Peyzaj Sözleşmesi”, https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=176, (20.01.2024).
  • Aykan, Bayhan ve Başyurt, İpek (2019), “Yeşil Alan’dan Geleneğe: Somut/Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Dikotomisi, Kültürel Peyzaj ve Yedikule Bostancılığını Dünya Mirası Olarak Korumak”, Planlama, 29 (3), s. 271-287.
  • Barthel, Stephan ve Isendahl, Christian (2013), “Urban Gardens, Agriculture, and Water Management: Sources of Resilience for Long-Term Food Security in Cities”, Ecological economics, 86, s. 224-234.
  • Barthel, Stephan, Parker, John, Folke, Carl ve Colding, Johan (2014), “Urban gardens: Pockets of Social-Ecological Memory”. Greening in the red zone: Disaster, resilience and community greening, s. 145-158.
  • Becker, Stefanie ve von der Wall, Gregor (2018), “Tracing Regime Influence on Urban Community Gardening: How Resource Dependence Causes Barriers to Garden Longer Term Sustainability”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 35, s. 82-90.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler (1992), “Agenda 21: United Nations Conference on Environment & Development”, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/outcomedocuments/agenda21, (12.01.2024).
  • Birleşmiş Milletler (2016), Paris Agreement, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/frameworks/parisagreement, (12.01.2024).
  • Birleşmiş Milletler (2024), “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları”, https://sdgs.un.org/, (02.02.2024).
  • Camps-Calvet, Marta, Langemeyer, Johannes, Calvet-Mir, Laura, Gómez-Baggethun, Erik ve March, Hug (2015), “Sowing Resilience and Contestation in Times of Crises: The Case of Urban Gardening Movements in Barcelona”, Partecipazione e conflitto, 8 (2), s. 417-442.
  • Camps-Calvet, Marta, Langemeyer, Johannes, Calvet-Mir, Laura ve Gómez-Baggethun, Erik (2016), “Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Gardens in Barcelona, Spain: Insights for Policy and Planning”, Environmental Science & Policy, 62, s. 14-23.
  • Cangelosi, Elisabetta (2015), “Reshaping Spaces and Relations: Urban Gardening in a Time of Crisis”, Partecipazione e conflitto, 8(2), s. 392-416.
  • Cérézuelle, Daniel (2003), “Les Jardins Familiaux, Lieux D'initiation à la Civilité”, Communications, 74(1), 65-83. Crouch, David ve Ward, Colin. (1988), The Allotment: Its Landscape and Culture, (Nottingham: Five Leaves Publications).
  • Crouch, David ve Wiltshire, Richard (2012), Designs on the Plot: The Future for Allotments in Urban Landscapes, Continuous productive urban landscapes, (Routledge): 124-131).
  • Çankaya Belediyesi, (2015), “Çankaya Mahalle Bostanı”, https://www.cankaya.bel.tr/news/1950/Cankayanin-Kent-Bostani-Acildi/ (05.01.2024).
  • Dennis, Matthew ve James, Phillip (2016), “Site-Specific Factors in the Production of Local Urban Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Community-Managed Green Space”, Ecosystem Services, 17, s. 208-216.
  • Donaldson, John. (2009), “Botanic Gardens Science for Conservation and Global Change”, Trends in plant science, 14 (11), s. 608-613.
  • Douglas, Gordon (2016), “The Formalities of Informal Improvement: Technical and Scholarly Knowledge At Work in Do-It-Yourself Urban Design”, Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 9 (2), s. 117-134.
  • Draper, Carrie ve Freedman, Darcy (2010), “Review and Analysis of The Benefits, Purposes, and Motivations Associated with Community Gardening in The United States”, Journal of Community Practice, 18 (4), s. 458-492.
  • Durusoy, Elifnaz ve Cihanger, Duygu (2016), “Historic Landscape vs. Urban Commodity?: The Case of Yedikule Urban Gardens”, İstanbul. Megaron, 11 (1).
  • Ernwein, Marion (2014), “Framing Urban Gardening and Agriculture: On Space, Scale and the Public”, Geoforum, 56, s. 77-86.
  • FAO (2007), “Profitability and Sustainability of Urban and Per-urban Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)”, Roma, İtalya, 108.
  • Firth, Chris, Maye, Damian ve Pearson, David (2011), “Developing “Community” in Community Gardens”, Local Environment, 16 (6), s. 555-568.
  • Federici, Silvia (2010), “Feminism and the Politic of the Commons” in Hughes Craig, Peach Stevie and Van Meter Kevin (ed.) Uses of a World Wind, Movement, Movements, and Contemporary Radical Currents in the United States, (Oakland: AK Press)
  • Freeman, Claria, Dickinson, Katharine, Porter, Stefan ve Van Heezik, Yolanda (2012), “My Garden is An Expression of Me”: Exploring Householders' Relationships with their Gardens, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32 (2), s. 135-143.
  • Holland, Liegh (2004), “Diversity and Connections in Community Gardens: A Contribution to Local Sustainability”, Local environment, 9 (3), s. 285-305.
  • Home, Robert ve Vieli, Lorena (2020), “Psychosocial Outcomes as Motivations for Urban Gardening: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Swiss and Chilean Gardeners”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 52, 126703.
  • Gough, Meghan ve Accordino, John (2013), “Public Gardens as Sustainable Community Development Partners: Motivations, Perceived Benefits, and Challenges”, Urban Affairs Review, 49 (6), s. 851-887.
  • Groening, Gert (1996), “American Community Gardening Association”, Politics of Community Gardening in Germany (1996), s. 1-17.
  • Groening, Gert (2005), “The World of Small Urban Gardens”, Chronica Horticulturae, 45(2), s. 22-25.
  • Gustedt, Evelyn (2016), “Reflexions on Urban Gardening in Germany”, Challenges in Sustainability, 4 (1), s. 63-70.
  • Ishak, Norziha, Abdullah, Rosazlin, Rosli, Noor Sharina Mohd, Majid, Hazreenbdul, Halim, Nur Sa’adah Abdul ve Ariffin, Halim and Fazilah (2022), “Challenges of Urban Garden Initiatives for Food Security in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia”, Quaestiones Geographicae, 41(4), 57-72.
  • Kadıköy Belediyesi (2024), “Kadıköy Bostanları”, https://bostan.kadikoy.bel.tr/, (06.01.2024).
  • Kanbak, Ayşegül (2016), “İstanbul Yedikule Bostanları: Bir Yerinden Üretim Pratiği”, Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 6 (1), s. 166-180.
  • Kaya, İlgi Atay ve Görgün, Esra Kut (2021), “Kent Bahçeciliğinin Olanakları ve Olanaksızlıkları”, İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Akdeniz Akademisi. Yeniden Akdeniz Bülteni Ekoloji Sayısı, 2, s. 37- 43.
  • Keshavarz, Nazila, Bell, Simon, Zilans, Andis, Hursthouse, Andrew., Voigt, Annette, Hobbelink, Ans, ... ve Gogová, Zuzana (2016), “A history of urban gardens in Europe.” In Urban allotment gardens in Europe (pp. 8-32). Routledge. Kim, Brent, Poulsen, Melissa, Margulies, Jared, Dix, Katie, Palmer, Anne ve Nachman, Keeve (2014), Urban Community Gardeners' Knowledge and Perceptions of Soil Contaminant Risks. PloS one, 9 (2), e87913.
  • Koçan, Nurhan ve Balık, Gökhan (2021), “Landscape Design Project of Historical Yedikule Gardens (İstanbul)”, Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11 (2), s. 496-506.
  • Krasny, Marrianne ve Tidball, Keite (2017). “Community Gardens as Contexts for Science, Stewardship, and Civic Action Learning”. Urban horticulture: ecology, landscape, and agriculture, 267.
  • Lanier, Jacqueline, Schumacher, Julie ve Calvert, Kerri (2015). “Cultivating Community Collaboration and Community Health Through Community Gardens”. Journal of Community Practice, 23 (3-4), s. 492-507.
  • Langemeyer, Johannes, Camps-Calvet, Marta, Calvet-Mir, Laura, Barthel, Stephan ve Gómez-Baggethun, Erik (2018), “Stewardship of Urban Ecosystem Services: Understanding the Value(s) of Urban Gardens in Barcelona”. Landscape and Urban Planning, 170, 79-89.
  • Lawson, Laura (2004). “The Planner in the Garden: A Historical View into the Relationship Between Planning and Community Gardens”. Journal of Planning History, 3(2), 151-176.
  • Lawson, Laura (2005), “City Bountiful: A Century of Community Gardening in America.” Univ of California Press. Lindemann-Matthies, Petra ve Brieger, Hendric (2016), “Does Urban Gardening Increase Aesthetic Quality of Urban Areas? A Case Study from Germany”. Urban forestry & urban greening, 17, 33-41.
  • Lovell, Sarah Taylor (2010), “Multifunctional Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Land Use Planning in the United States”. Sustainability, 2(8), 2499-2522.
  • Manso, Maria ve Castro-Gomes, João (2015), “Green Wall Systems: A Review of Their Characteristics.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 863-871.
  • Mckay, George (2011), Radical Gardening: Politics, Idealism & Rebellion in the Garden. Frances Lincoln, London.
  • Mintz, Gregory ve McManus, Phil (2014), “Seeds for Change? Attaining the Benefits of Community Gardens Through Council Policies in Sydney, Australia”. Australian Geographer, 45(4), 541-558.
  • Montefrio, Marvin Joseph (2020), “Interrogating the “Productive” Home Gardener in a Time of Pandemic Lockdown in the Philippines”. Food and foodways, 28(3), 216-225.
  • Mougeot, Luc (2000), “Urban agriculture: Definition, Presence, Potentials and Risks, and Policy Challenges”. Cities feeding people series; rept. 31.
  • Murtagh, Niamh ve Frost, Rachael (2023), “Motivations for Urban Front Gardening: A Quantitative Analysis”. Landscape and Urban Planning, 238, 104835.
  • Neo, Harvey ve Chua, Cyion (2017), Beyond İnclusion and Exclusion: Community Gardens as Spaces of Responsibility. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107(3), 666-681.
  • Nilüfer Belediyesi (2024), “Küçük Ölçekli Kent Bostanları”, https://www.nilufer.bel.tr/kategoriler/tesisler/tarim-uretim-mekanlari/kent-bostanlariLDJHP, (06.01.2024).
  • Okvat, Heather ve Zautra, Alex (2011), “Community Gardening: A Parsimonious Path to Individual, Community, and Environmental Resilience”, American journal of community psychology, 47, s. 374-387.
  • Postane Bahçe (2024), “Postane Bahçe”, https://postane.co/mekanlar/bahce, (11.01.2024).
  • Reynolds, Richard (2014), On Guerrilla Gardening: A Handbook for Gardening Without Boundaries, (Bloomsbury Publishing).
  • Ribeiro, Alexandro, Madureira, Livia ve Carvalho, Raquel (2023), “Evidence on How Urban Gardens Help Citizens and Cities to Enhance Sustainable Development. Review and Bibliometric Analysis”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 236, 104766.
  • Rostami, Rahaleh, Lamit, Hasanuddin, Khoshnava, Seyed Meysam, Rostami, Rasoul ve Fitry Rosley, Muhammed Solehin (2015), “Sustainable Cities and the Contribution of Historical Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Historical Persian Gardens”, Sustainability, 7 (10), s. 13290-13316.
  • Russo, Alessio., Escobedo, Francisco, Cirella, Giuseppe ve Zerbe, Stefan (2017), “Edible Green Infrastructure: an Approach and Review Of Provisioning Ecosystem Services and Disservices in Urban Environments”, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 242, s. 53-66.
  • Schram-Bijkerk, Dieneke, Otte, Piet, Dirven, Liesbet ve Breure, Anton (2018), “Indicators to Support Healthy Urban Gardening in Urban Management.” Science of the Total Environment, 621, s. 863-871.
  • Schram-Bijkerk, Dieneke., Dirven van Breemen, Liesbet ve Otte, Piet (2013). “Key Factors for Climate Change Adaptation: Successful Green Infrastructure Policies in European Cities”, RIVM letter report 270001006/2013, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.
  • Sharman, Lucy (2010), The Future of Urban Community Gardens: Issues, Barriers and Solutions for Councils and Community, Community Garden Conference (p. 41).

KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 42, 279 - 298, 29.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.56524/msydergi.1453615

Öz

Kent Bahçeciliği uygulamaları; sürdürülebilir gıda tedariki sağlamak, kent estetiğine katkı sunmak, yeşil altyapıyı dirençli hale getirmek, sosyal bağları güçlendirmek, karbon ayak izini azaltmak, yaşam kalitesini yükseltmek ve vatandaş katılımını teşvik etmek gibi katkılarından dolayı tercih edilmektedir. Bu uygulamalara, kent yöneticilerinin yanında vatandaşlar da bazen bireysel bazen de kolektif olarak katılım sağlayarak katkılar sunmaktadır. Çalışma genelinde topluluk bahçeciliği, gerilla bahçecilik ve kendin yap bahçeciliği olarak anılan uygulamalar kent bahçeciliği şemsiye kavramı altında sunulmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, kent bahçeciliği uygulamalarını teorik ve pratik eksende kapsamlı olarak irdeleyerek sürdürülebilir kent politikaları bağlamında değerlendirmeler yapmaktır.

Etik Beyan

Çalışma için etik beyan gerekli değildir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma için hiçbir dış finansman alınmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ackerman, Kubi, Conard, Michael, Culligan, Patricia, Plunz, Richard, Sutto, Maria-Paola ve Whittinghill, Leigh (2014), “Sustainable Food Systems for Future Cities: The Potential of Urban Agriculture”, The Economic and Social Review, 45 (2), s. 189-206.
  • Aktepe, Münir (1958), “18. Asrın İlk Yarısında İstanbul’un Nüfus Meselelerine Dair Bazı Vesikalar,” İstanbul Üniversitesi Tarih Dergisi, 9 (3), s. 1-30.
  • Andersson, Erik., Barthel, Stephan, ve Ahrné, Karin (2007), “Measuring Social–Ecological Dynamics Behind the Generation of Ecosystem Services”, Ecological Applications, 17 (5), s. 1267-1278.
  • Armstrong, Donna (2000), “A Survey of Community Gardens in Upstate New York: Implications for Health Promotion and Community Development.” Health & Place, 6(4), s. 319-327.
  • Atkinson, Jennifer (2007), “Seeds of Change: The New Place of Gardens in Contemporary Utopia”, Utopian Studies, 18 (2), s. 237-260.
  • Avrupa Konseyi, (2000), “Avrupa Konseyi Peyzaj Sözleşmesi”, https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=176, (20.01.2024).
  • Aykan, Bayhan ve Başyurt, İpek (2019), “Yeşil Alan’dan Geleneğe: Somut/Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Dikotomisi, Kültürel Peyzaj ve Yedikule Bostancılığını Dünya Mirası Olarak Korumak”, Planlama, 29 (3), s. 271-287.
  • Barthel, Stephan ve Isendahl, Christian (2013), “Urban Gardens, Agriculture, and Water Management: Sources of Resilience for Long-Term Food Security in Cities”, Ecological economics, 86, s. 224-234.
  • Barthel, Stephan, Parker, John, Folke, Carl ve Colding, Johan (2014), “Urban gardens: Pockets of Social-Ecological Memory”. Greening in the red zone: Disaster, resilience and community greening, s. 145-158.
  • Becker, Stefanie ve von der Wall, Gregor (2018), “Tracing Regime Influence on Urban Community Gardening: How Resource Dependence Causes Barriers to Garden Longer Term Sustainability”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 35, s. 82-90.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler (1992), “Agenda 21: United Nations Conference on Environment & Development”, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/outcomedocuments/agenda21, (12.01.2024).
  • Birleşmiş Milletler (2016), Paris Agreement, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/frameworks/parisagreement, (12.01.2024).
  • Birleşmiş Milletler (2024), “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları”, https://sdgs.un.org/, (02.02.2024).
  • Camps-Calvet, Marta, Langemeyer, Johannes, Calvet-Mir, Laura, Gómez-Baggethun, Erik ve March, Hug (2015), “Sowing Resilience and Contestation in Times of Crises: The Case of Urban Gardening Movements in Barcelona”, Partecipazione e conflitto, 8 (2), s. 417-442.
  • Camps-Calvet, Marta, Langemeyer, Johannes, Calvet-Mir, Laura ve Gómez-Baggethun, Erik (2016), “Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Gardens in Barcelona, Spain: Insights for Policy and Planning”, Environmental Science & Policy, 62, s. 14-23.
  • Cangelosi, Elisabetta (2015), “Reshaping Spaces and Relations: Urban Gardening in a Time of Crisis”, Partecipazione e conflitto, 8(2), s. 392-416.
  • Cérézuelle, Daniel (2003), “Les Jardins Familiaux, Lieux D'initiation à la Civilité”, Communications, 74(1), 65-83. Crouch, David ve Ward, Colin. (1988), The Allotment: Its Landscape and Culture, (Nottingham: Five Leaves Publications).
  • Crouch, David ve Wiltshire, Richard (2012), Designs on the Plot: The Future for Allotments in Urban Landscapes, Continuous productive urban landscapes, (Routledge): 124-131).
  • Çankaya Belediyesi, (2015), “Çankaya Mahalle Bostanı”, https://www.cankaya.bel.tr/news/1950/Cankayanin-Kent-Bostani-Acildi/ (05.01.2024).
  • Dennis, Matthew ve James, Phillip (2016), “Site-Specific Factors in the Production of Local Urban Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Community-Managed Green Space”, Ecosystem Services, 17, s. 208-216.
  • Donaldson, John. (2009), “Botanic Gardens Science for Conservation and Global Change”, Trends in plant science, 14 (11), s. 608-613.
  • Douglas, Gordon (2016), “The Formalities of Informal Improvement: Technical and Scholarly Knowledge At Work in Do-It-Yourself Urban Design”, Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 9 (2), s. 117-134.
  • Draper, Carrie ve Freedman, Darcy (2010), “Review and Analysis of The Benefits, Purposes, and Motivations Associated with Community Gardening in The United States”, Journal of Community Practice, 18 (4), s. 458-492.
  • Durusoy, Elifnaz ve Cihanger, Duygu (2016), “Historic Landscape vs. Urban Commodity?: The Case of Yedikule Urban Gardens”, İstanbul. Megaron, 11 (1).
  • Ernwein, Marion (2014), “Framing Urban Gardening and Agriculture: On Space, Scale and the Public”, Geoforum, 56, s. 77-86.
  • FAO (2007), “Profitability and Sustainability of Urban and Per-urban Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)”, Roma, İtalya, 108.
  • Firth, Chris, Maye, Damian ve Pearson, David (2011), “Developing “Community” in Community Gardens”, Local Environment, 16 (6), s. 555-568.
  • Federici, Silvia (2010), “Feminism and the Politic of the Commons” in Hughes Craig, Peach Stevie and Van Meter Kevin (ed.) Uses of a World Wind, Movement, Movements, and Contemporary Radical Currents in the United States, (Oakland: AK Press)
  • Freeman, Claria, Dickinson, Katharine, Porter, Stefan ve Van Heezik, Yolanda (2012), “My Garden is An Expression of Me”: Exploring Householders' Relationships with their Gardens, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32 (2), s. 135-143.
  • Holland, Liegh (2004), “Diversity and Connections in Community Gardens: A Contribution to Local Sustainability”, Local environment, 9 (3), s. 285-305.
  • Home, Robert ve Vieli, Lorena (2020), “Psychosocial Outcomes as Motivations for Urban Gardening: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Swiss and Chilean Gardeners”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 52, 126703.
  • Gough, Meghan ve Accordino, John (2013), “Public Gardens as Sustainable Community Development Partners: Motivations, Perceived Benefits, and Challenges”, Urban Affairs Review, 49 (6), s. 851-887.
  • Groening, Gert (1996), “American Community Gardening Association”, Politics of Community Gardening in Germany (1996), s. 1-17.
  • Groening, Gert (2005), “The World of Small Urban Gardens”, Chronica Horticulturae, 45(2), s. 22-25.
  • Gustedt, Evelyn (2016), “Reflexions on Urban Gardening in Germany”, Challenges in Sustainability, 4 (1), s. 63-70.
  • Ishak, Norziha, Abdullah, Rosazlin, Rosli, Noor Sharina Mohd, Majid, Hazreenbdul, Halim, Nur Sa’adah Abdul ve Ariffin, Halim and Fazilah (2022), “Challenges of Urban Garden Initiatives for Food Security in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia”, Quaestiones Geographicae, 41(4), 57-72.
  • Kadıköy Belediyesi (2024), “Kadıköy Bostanları”, https://bostan.kadikoy.bel.tr/, (06.01.2024).
  • Kanbak, Ayşegül (2016), “İstanbul Yedikule Bostanları: Bir Yerinden Üretim Pratiği”, Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 6 (1), s. 166-180.
  • Kaya, İlgi Atay ve Görgün, Esra Kut (2021), “Kent Bahçeciliğinin Olanakları ve Olanaksızlıkları”, İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Akdeniz Akademisi. Yeniden Akdeniz Bülteni Ekoloji Sayısı, 2, s. 37- 43.
  • Keshavarz, Nazila, Bell, Simon, Zilans, Andis, Hursthouse, Andrew., Voigt, Annette, Hobbelink, Ans, ... ve Gogová, Zuzana (2016), “A history of urban gardens in Europe.” In Urban allotment gardens in Europe (pp. 8-32). Routledge. Kim, Brent, Poulsen, Melissa, Margulies, Jared, Dix, Katie, Palmer, Anne ve Nachman, Keeve (2014), Urban Community Gardeners' Knowledge and Perceptions of Soil Contaminant Risks. PloS one, 9 (2), e87913.
  • Koçan, Nurhan ve Balık, Gökhan (2021), “Landscape Design Project of Historical Yedikule Gardens (İstanbul)”, Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11 (2), s. 496-506.
  • Krasny, Marrianne ve Tidball, Keite (2017). “Community Gardens as Contexts for Science, Stewardship, and Civic Action Learning”. Urban horticulture: ecology, landscape, and agriculture, 267.
  • Lanier, Jacqueline, Schumacher, Julie ve Calvert, Kerri (2015). “Cultivating Community Collaboration and Community Health Through Community Gardens”. Journal of Community Practice, 23 (3-4), s. 492-507.
  • Langemeyer, Johannes, Camps-Calvet, Marta, Calvet-Mir, Laura, Barthel, Stephan ve Gómez-Baggethun, Erik (2018), “Stewardship of Urban Ecosystem Services: Understanding the Value(s) of Urban Gardens in Barcelona”. Landscape and Urban Planning, 170, 79-89.
  • Lawson, Laura (2004). “The Planner in the Garden: A Historical View into the Relationship Between Planning and Community Gardens”. Journal of Planning History, 3(2), 151-176.
  • Lawson, Laura (2005), “City Bountiful: A Century of Community Gardening in America.” Univ of California Press. Lindemann-Matthies, Petra ve Brieger, Hendric (2016), “Does Urban Gardening Increase Aesthetic Quality of Urban Areas? A Case Study from Germany”. Urban forestry & urban greening, 17, 33-41.
  • Lovell, Sarah Taylor (2010), “Multifunctional Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Land Use Planning in the United States”. Sustainability, 2(8), 2499-2522.
  • Manso, Maria ve Castro-Gomes, João (2015), “Green Wall Systems: A Review of Their Characteristics.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 863-871.
  • Mckay, George (2011), Radical Gardening: Politics, Idealism & Rebellion in the Garden. Frances Lincoln, London.
  • Mintz, Gregory ve McManus, Phil (2014), “Seeds for Change? Attaining the Benefits of Community Gardens Through Council Policies in Sydney, Australia”. Australian Geographer, 45(4), 541-558.
  • Montefrio, Marvin Joseph (2020), “Interrogating the “Productive” Home Gardener in a Time of Pandemic Lockdown in the Philippines”. Food and foodways, 28(3), 216-225.
  • Mougeot, Luc (2000), “Urban agriculture: Definition, Presence, Potentials and Risks, and Policy Challenges”. Cities feeding people series; rept. 31.
  • Murtagh, Niamh ve Frost, Rachael (2023), “Motivations for Urban Front Gardening: A Quantitative Analysis”. Landscape and Urban Planning, 238, 104835.
  • Neo, Harvey ve Chua, Cyion (2017), Beyond İnclusion and Exclusion: Community Gardens as Spaces of Responsibility. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107(3), 666-681.
  • Nilüfer Belediyesi (2024), “Küçük Ölçekli Kent Bostanları”, https://www.nilufer.bel.tr/kategoriler/tesisler/tarim-uretim-mekanlari/kent-bostanlariLDJHP, (06.01.2024).
  • Okvat, Heather ve Zautra, Alex (2011), “Community Gardening: A Parsimonious Path to Individual, Community, and Environmental Resilience”, American journal of community psychology, 47, s. 374-387.
  • Postane Bahçe (2024), “Postane Bahçe”, https://postane.co/mekanlar/bahce, (11.01.2024).
  • Reynolds, Richard (2014), On Guerrilla Gardening: A Handbook for Gardening Without Boundaries, (Bloomsbury Publishing).
  • Ribeiro, Alexandro, Madureira, Livia ve Carvalho, Raquel (2023), “Evidence on How Urban Gardens Help Citizens and Cities to Enhance Sustainable Development. Review and Bibliometric Analysis”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 236, 104766.
  • Rostami, Rahaleh, Lamit, Hasanuddin, Khoshnava, Seyed Meysam, Rostami, Rasoul ve Fitry Rosley, Muhammed Solehin (2015), “Sustainable Cities and the Contribution of Historical Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Historical Persian Gardens”, Sustainability, 7 (10), s. 13290-13316.
  • Russo, Alessio., Escobedo, Francisco, Cirella, Giuseppe ve Zerbe, Stefan (2017), “Edible Green Infrastructure: an Approach and Review Of Provisioning Ecosystem Services and Disservices in Urban Environments”, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 242, s. 53-66.
  • Schram-Bijkerk, Dieneke, Otte, Piet, Dirven, Liesbet ve Breure, Anton (2018), “Indicators to Support Healthy Urban Gardening in Urban Management.” Science of the Total Environment, 621, s. 863-871.
  • Schram-Bijkerk, Dieneke., Dirven van Breemen, Liesbet ve Otte, Piet (2013). “Key Factors for Climate Change Adaptation: Successful Green Infrastructure Policies in European Cities”, RIVM letter report 270001006/2013, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.
  • Sharman, Lucy (2010), The Future of Urban Community Gardens: Issues, Barriers and Solutions for Councils and Community, Community Garden Conference (p. 41).
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Abidin Kemeç 0000-0001-9395-4118

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 42

Kaynak Göster

APA Kemeç, A. (2024). KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim, 19(42), 279-298. https://doi.org/10.56524/msydergi.1453615
AMA Kemeç A. KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim. Haziran 2024;19(42):279-298. doi:10.56524/msydergi.1453615
Chicago Kemeç, Abidin. “KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME”. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim 19, sy. 42 (Haziran 2024): 279-98. https://doi.org/10.56524/msydergi.1453615.
EndNote Kemeç A (01 Haziran 2024) KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim 19 42 279–298.
IEEE A. Kemeç, “KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME”, Memleket Siyaset Yönetim, c. 19, sy. 42, ss. 279–298, 2024, doi: 10.56524/msydergi.1453615.
ISNAD Kemeç, Abidin. “KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME”. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim 19/42 (Haziran 2024), 279-298. https://doi.org/10.56524/msydergi.1453615.
JAMA Kemeç A. KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim. 2024;19:279–298.
MLA Kemeç, Abidin. “KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME”. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim, c. 19, sy. 42, 2024, ss. 279-98, doi:10.56524/msydergi.1453615.
Vancouver Kemeç A. KENT BAHÇECİLİĞİ: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENT PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME. Memleket Siyaset Yönetim. 2024;19(42):279-98.