Dökme Yük Gemilerinde Güç Kalitesi Problemlerinin Simulink ile Modellenmesi

Abstract

Özel yük gemileri olarak tasarlanan dökme yük gemileri, son yirmi yılda yük taşımacılığında en çok önem arz eden gemi tiplerinden bir tanesidir. Tersanelerde ilk defa 1950’li yıllarda görülmeye başlanan dökme yük gemileri, mevcut ticari gemilerin yaklaşık olarak %33’lük kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Taşınan yüklerin, hasarsız olarak planlanan zamanda hedeflenen noktaya taşınması, lojistiğin en önemli unsurları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, gemilerde yükü en güvenli bir şekilde bir noktaya taşımak için gerekli parametrelerden birisi olan elektrik güç kalitesi kavramı ve önemli güç kalite bozuklukları incelenmiştir. Bir yolcu gemisinde güç kalite bozukluklarından harmoniklerin önlenmesine yönelik tesis edilen harmonik filtrelerin patlaması sonucu sistem çökmesiyle (blackout) sonuçlanan kaza sırasında harmonik filtrelerin devre dışı kalma durumu kurgusal olarak bir dökme yük gemisine uyarlanarak, harmonik filtreli ve filtresiz durumlar MATLAB Simulink aracılığı ile simüle edilmiş ve harmonik filtrelerin önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca, filtredeki kondansatörlerin patlaması ve terminallerinin kısa devre olmasıyla yaşanmış olması muhtemel gerilim yükselmesi ve düşmesi olayları üzerinde durulmuştur.

Keywords

• Elektrik güç kalitesi
• dökme yük gemisi
• gemi elektrik sistemleri
• Simulink

Modeling of Electric Power Quality Problems in Bulk Carriers with Simulink

Abstract

The concept of power quality in ship electrical systems has become more important with the widespread use of electronic control systems and electrical drive systems. The low power quality affects the ship's electrical network performance, as well as the efficient use of energy, cruise safety and life safety at sea. In this study, the concept of electrical power quality and important power quality disorders that may arise from problems in the electrical system are examined by considering a passenger ship accident experienced as a method. This accident is modeled through the MATLAB / Simulink program to show how much sinusoidal waves deviate from what they should have been presented as power quality disturbances and it is aimed to emphasize the importance of the concept of electric power quality on ships. During the accident that resulted from the blackout of the harmonic filters installed on the passenger ship to prevent harmonic power disturbance, the disability of the harmonic filters is adapted fictionally to a bulk carrier and the harmonic filtered and unfiltered conditions are analyzed. In addition, the voltage swells and sag events that are likely to have occurred due to the short circuits of the capacitors in the filter have been examined. With this study, the importance of the equipment for ensuring power quality in ship electrical systems has been examined and it has been inferred that possible failures in this equipment may cause ship accidents.

Keywords

• Electric power quality
• Bulk carrier
• Ship electrical system

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