Study to Improve the Digitalization of the Spanish Port System Through an Affinity Diagram

Abstract

Automation, digitalization, technologies that allow interoperability, transparency, decentralization and customer experience define the context of application of the concept 'Ports 4.0' to the logistics-port sector. In the Spanish Port System this is the objective in the near future, already almost present. That is why this study deals with this issue through the Affinity Diagram. This is a method of categorization in which participants classify various concepts into different categories in order to answer a given question. In this case the question is how can the digitalization of the Spanish port system be improved? The main conclusion obtained is that technology alone is not useful to achieve Smart Ports/Ports 4.0. It is necessary that the technology is used in an integrated, open and joint way by all the agents of the port community

Keywords

• Affinity diagram
• Digitalization
• Port 4.0
• Smart ports

Bir yakınlık diyagramı ile İspanyol liman sisteminin dijitalleşmesini geliştirmek için bir çalışma

Abstract

Otomasyon, dijitalleşme, birlikte çalışabilirlik, şeffaflık, ademi merkeziyet ve müşteri deneyimi sağlayan teknolojiler, lojistik-liman sektörüne 'Ports 4.0' kavramının uygulama bağlamını tanımlar. İspanyol Liman Sistemi'nde bu yakın gelecekte hedef, zaten neredeyse mevcut. Bu nedenle bu çalışma Affinity Diyagramı aracılığıyla bu sorunu ele alabıdır. Bu, katılımcıların belirli bir soruyu yanıtlamak için çeşitli kavramları farklı kategorilere ayırdığı bir kategorileştirme yöntemidir. Bu durumda soru Nasıl İspanyol liman sisteminin dijitalleşme geliştirilebilir? Elde edilen ana sonuç, teknolojinin tek başına Smart Ports/Ports 4.0'a ulaşmak için yararlı olmadığıdır. Bu teknolojiliman toplumunun tüm ajanları tarafından entegre, açık ve ortak bir şekilde kullanılması gereklidir

Keywords

• Yakınlık diyagramı
• Dijitalleştirme
• Bağlantı noktası 4.0
• Akıllı bağlantı noktaları

References

1. Acciaro, M., Renken, K., & El Khadiri, N. (2020). Technological Change and Logistics Development in European Ports. In European Port Cities in Transition, 73-88). Springer, Cham.
2. Ahokas, J., Kiiski, T., Malmsten, J. and Ojala, L. M. (2017). Cybersecurity in ports: a conceptual approach. In Digitalization in Supply Chain Management and Logistics: Smart and Digital Solutions for an Industry 4.0 Environment. Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), 23, 343-359. Berlin: epubli GmbH.
3. Arguedas, V. F., Pallotta, G. and Vespe, M. (2017). Maritime Traffic Networks: From historical positioning data to unsuper-vised maritime traffic monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19(3), 722-732.
4. Bierwirth, C., Kirschstein, T. and Sackmann, D. (2019). Logistics Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Lecture Notes in Logistics).
5. Bilal, M., Kumar, A., Cianca, E. and Lindgren, P. (2018). Improving Port Operations through the Application of Robotics and Automation within the Framework of Shipping 4.0. In International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications.
6. Birtchnell, T. (2016). The missing mobility: friction and freedom in the movement and digitization of cargo. Applied Mobilities, 1(1), 85-101.
7. Brouer, B. D., Karsten, C. V. and Pisinger, D. (2016). Big data optimization in maritime logistics. In Big data optimization: Recent developments and challenges, 319-344. Springer, Cham.
8. Cervantes, J. G., Jerez, A. R., Fierro, Á., Ocaña, P., & Rivero, A. (2013). Plataforma tecnológica para la mejora de la sostenibilidad, la medición y la relación con el entorno en territorios. Escenarios: empresa y territorio, 2(2), 17-36.

9. Cimino MG, Palumbo F, Vaglini G, Ferro E, Celandroni N, La Rosa D. (2016). Evaluating the impact of smart technologies on harbor's logistics via BPMN modeling and simulation. Information Technology Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-016-0266-4.
10. Cómo se digitalizan los puertos?; (2017),Retreived from https://cronicaglobal.elespanol.com/business/digitalizacion-puertos_73383_102.html.
11. Davarzani, H., Fahimnia, B., Bell, M. and Sarkis, J. (2016). Greening ports and maritime logistics: A review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 48, 473-487.
12. Deloitte Port Services. (2017). Smart ports point of view. Retreived from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/nl/Documents/energy-resources/deloitte-nl-er-port-services-smart-ports.pdf.
13. Ducruet, C. (2016). Port regions and globalization. In Ports in Proximity (pp. 67-80). Routledge
14. Durán, C. A., Córdova, F. M. and Palominos, F. (2019). A conceptual model for a cyber-social-technological-cognitive smart medium-size port. Procedia Computer Science, 162, 94-101.
15. Fruth, M. and Teuteberg, F. (2017). Digitization in maritime logistics—What is there and what is missing?. Cogent Business and Management, 4(1), 1411066.
16. González, A. R., González-Cancelas, N., Serrano, B. M. and Orive, A. C. (2020). Smart ports: ranking of Spanish port system. World Scientific News, 144, 1-12.
17. González-Cancelas, N., Molina Serrano, B., Esteban-Infantes, M., Soler-Flores, F. and Camarero Orive, A. (2019). Escenario de digitalización para el Sistema Portuario Español. Revista Transporte y Territorio /22 (2020) ISSN 1852-7175, 259-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.34096/rtt.i22.6398.
18. González-Cancelas, N., Molina Serrano, B. and Soler-Flores, F. (2019). Seaport sustainable: use of artificial intelligence to evaluate liquid natural gas utilization in short sea shipping. Transportation Journal, 58(3), 197-221.
19. González-Cancelas, N., Molina Serrano, B., Soler-Flores, F. and Camarero Orive, A. (2020). SWOT methodology to know the scope of the digitalization of the Spanish ports, Logistics, 4, 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics4020009
20. Haleem, A. and Javaid, M. (2019). Additive manufacturing applications in industry 4.0: a review. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, 4(04), 1930001.
21. Haralambides, H. (2017). Globalization, public sector reform, and the role of ports in international supply chains.
22. Heilig, L., Lalla-Ruiz, E. and Voß, S. (2017). Digital transformation in maritime ports: analysis and a game theoretic framework. Netnomics: Economic research and electronic networking, 18(2-3), 227-254.
23. Heilig, L., Schwarze, S. and Voß, S. (2017). An analysis of digital transformation in the history and future of modern ports. Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Waikoloa Village, Hawaii.
24. Heilig, L., Stahlbock, R. and Voß, S. (2019). From Digitalization to Data-Driven Decision-making in Container Terminals. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.13251.
25. Heilig, L., and Voß, S. (2017a). Information systems in seaports: a categorization and overview. Information Technology and Management, 18(3), 179-201.
26. Heilig, L., and Voß, S. (2017b). Status quo and innovative approaches for maritime logistics in the age of digitalization: a guest editors' introduction. Information Technology and Management, 18, 175-177.
27. Jovic, M., Kavran, N., Aksentijevic, S. and Tijan, E. (2019). The Transition of Croatian Seaports into Smart Ports, 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), Opatija, Croatia, 1386-1390, http://doi.org/10.23919/MIPRO.2019.8757111.
28. Kersten, W., Blecker, T. and Ringle, C. M. (2017). Digitalization in Supply Chain Management and Logistics: Smart and Digital Solutions for an Industry 4.0 Environment2. Berlin: epubli GmbH.
29. Lee, H., Aydin, N., Choi, Y., Lekhavat, S. and Irani, Z. (2018). A decision support system for vessel speed decision in maritime logistics using weather archive big data. Computers & Operations Research, 98, 330-342.
30. Marques, B., Santos, B. S., Araújo, T., Martins, N. C., Alves, J., and Dias, P. (2019, July). Situated visualization in the decision process through augmented reality. In 2019 23rd International Conference Information Visualisation (IV), 13-18. IEEE.
31. Mu, L., Wang, L. and Wang, M. 2020. “Information Engineering for Ports and Marine Environments.
32. Orive, A. C., Santiago, J. I. P., Corral, M. M. E. I. and González-Cancelas, N. (2020). Strategic Analysis of the Automation of Container Port Terminals through BOT (Business Observation Tool). Logistics, 4(1), 3.
33. Panayides PM, Song DW. (2013). Maritime logistics as an emerging discipline. Maritime Policy Management, 40(3), 295-308.
34. Philipp, R., Gerlitz, L. and Moldabekova, A. (2019). Small and Medium-Sized Seaports on the Digital Track: Tracing Digitalisation across the South Baltic Region by Innovative Auditing Procedures. In International Conference on Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication, 351-362. Springer, Cham.
35. Pournader, M., Shi, Y., Seuring, S. and Koh, S. L. (2019). Blockchain applications in supply chains, transport and logistics: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Production Research, 1-19.
36. Rodrigo González , A., González-Cancelas, N., Molina Serrano, B. and Camarero Orive, A. (2020). Preparation of a smart port indicator and calculation of a ranking for the Spanish Port System, Logistics, 4, 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics4020009.
37. Rojas Galindo, A. I. (2018). Emprendimiento Portal Digital de Precios de Logística de Carga.
38. Sánchez, R. and Barleta, E. (2018). Reflexiones sobre el futuro de los puertos de contenedores por el nuevo comporta-miento de la contenedorización.
39. Sánchez, R. and Mouftier, L. (2016). Reflexiones sobre el futuro de los puertos: del estrés actual al cambio y la innovación del futuro.
40. Sánchez, R., Palma Barleta, E. and Mouftier, L. (2017). Reflexiones sobre el futuro de los puertos de contenedores.
41. Sánchez-Cambronero, A., González-Cancelas, N. and Serrano, B. M. (2020). Analysis of port sustainability using the PPSC methodology (PESTEL, Porter, SWOT, CAME). World Scientific News, 146, 121-138.
42. Santos Martín, A.E., González-Cancelas, N., Molina Serrano, B. and Soler-Flores, F. (2020). Towards the sustainability of the Spanish Port System through the Business Observation Tool. Maritime Engineering, Volume 171, Issue 4, pp. 135-144, January, 2109. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmaen.2017.19.
43. Zaman, I., Pazouki, K., Norman, R., Younessi, S. and Coleman, S. (2017). Challenges and opportunities of big data analytics for upcoming regulations and future transformation of the shipping industry. Procedia engineering, 194, 537-544.