Oral leukoplakia: demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics

Abstract

Objective Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common precancerous lesion of the oral mucosa with an etiology mainly related to tobacco and alcohol use. Although the most common location is the buccal mucosa, it may also affect other areas of the oral mucosa. Histopathologically, the spectrum of lesions ranges from squamous hyperplasia unaccompanied by dysplasia, to that with mild, moderate and severe dysplasia. The greatest determinant of malignant transformation is the presence of dysplasia and its severity.

Methods This is a retrospective study and, data of the patients receiving clinical and histopathalogical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia at the Council for Facial and Mouth Lesions at Ege University Faculty of Medicine (EGEYA) between 2007 and 2015 was used including demographic details accessed from council information forms and photo archives.

Results Of the 79 patients, 40 were male (50.6%) and 39 (49.4%) were female. Patients were aged between 18-91, with a mean overall age of 58.73 ± 17.95 years. Evaluation of the risk factors revealed that 45 patients (56.9%) were smokers, and alcohol was regularly consumed by 22 patients (27.8%). Most of the lesions were located in the buccal mucosa (34.4%). Homogenous OL was seen in 39 patients (49.4%) and nonhomogeneous OL in 40 patients (50.6%). The most reported histologic diagnosis was 37 (46.8%) cases of squamous hyperplasia (SH) and hyperkeratosis.

Conclusion To minimize the risk of malignant transformation in leukoplakia lesions, the elimination of risk factors and early biopsy is essential.

Keywords

• oral leukoplakia,epidemiology,oral premalignant lesion

Oral lökoplakiler: Demografik, klinik ve histopatolojik özellikler

Abstract

Amaç Oral lökoplaki (OL), oral mukozanın en yaygın prekanseröz lezyonudur. Etiyolojide en sık sorumlu tutulan faktörler, tütün ve alkol kullanımıdır. En yaygın yerleşim bölgesi bukkal mukoza olmakla birlikte, oral mukozanın diğer bölgelerini de tutabilir. Histopatolojik olarak lezyon spektrumu, displazinin eşlik etmediği skuamöz hiperplaziden; hafif, orta ve şiddetli displaziye kadar değişkenlik gösterebilir. Malign transformasyon riskinin en önemli belirleyicisi ise; displazi varlığı ile displazi derecesidir. 

Yöntem Çalışmamızda, 2007-2015 yılları arasında Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi yüz ve ağız lezyonları (EGEYA) konseyinde; klinik ve histopatolojik olarak oral lökoplaki tanısı alan hastalar, konsey bilgi formları ve fotoğraf arşivi üzerinden, hastaların demografik özellikleri de dikkate alınmak suretiyle, retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular 79 hastanın 40’ı (%50.6) erkek ve 39’u (%9.4) kadındı. Hastalar 18 ile 91 yaşları arasında idi, ortalama yaş 58.73 ± 17.95 yıldı. Risk faktörleri açısından, 45 hasta (%56.9) sigara içiyor, 22 hasta (%27.8) düzenli alkol tüketiyordu. Lezyonların çoğu bukkal mukozadydı (%34.4). 39 hastada (%49.4) homojen, 40 hastada (%50.6) homojen olmayan OL saptandı. En fazla görülen histolojik tanı 37 hastada (%46.8) skuamöz hiperplazi (SH) ve hiperkeratozdu.

Sonuç Lökoplaki lezyonlarında malign transformasyon riskini en aza indirmek için risk faktörlerinin ortadan kaldırılması ve erken biyopsi alınması önemlidir.

Keywords

• oral lökoplaki,oral premalign lezyon,epidemiyoloji

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