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İmtiyazdan Kamulaştırmaya İstanbul Telefon Şirketi: Bir İşletmecilik Tarihi Çalışması (1909-1936)

Year 2021, Issue: 20, 63 - 90, 25.01.2021

Abstract

Bu çalışma İstanbul’daki ticari telefon şebekesinin 1913’te yabancı şirketlerden oluşan bir konsorsiyum tarafından kurulmasının işletmecilik tarihini incelemektedir. Makale, on dokuzuncu yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun posta ve telgraf politikalarını tanıtan kısa bir giriş yaptıktan sonra, politik ve ekonomik açıdan çalkantılı bir dönemi, 1909’daki ihale süreciyle 1936’daki telefon şebekesinin kamulaştırılması arasında geçen zaman aralığını ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın odaklandığı konular, İstanbul Telefon Şirketi ile Osmanlı/Türk hükümetleri arasındaki ilişkiler, şirket tarafından kullanılan finansman mekanizmaları ve kamulaştırmaya kadar İstanbul’da kentsel telefon şebekesine erişim ile teknoloji transferinin seyri şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Makale, olgusal dayanağını oluşturmak için, Türkçe kaynakların geniş bir seçkisine ek olarak, Londra ve New York gibi şehirlerdeki finansal piyasalara katılan aktörleri takip eden ve bilgilendiren İngilizce gazetelerin kapsamlı bir taramasını kullanmaktadır. Böylece İstanbul Telefon Şirketi’nin 1909 ila 1936 arasındaki işletmecilik tarihini kapitalist dünya ekonomisi ve uluslararası sermaye piyasaları bağlamına oturtarak sunmuş olmaktadır. Bu tarihin modern Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde telekomünikasyon politikalarının biçimlenmesine ilişkin de söyleyebileceği çok şey bulunmaktadır.

References

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Istanbul Telephone Company from Concession to Nationalization: A Study in Business History (1909-1936)

Year 2021, Issue: 20, 63 - 90, 25.01.2021

Abstract

I provide a business history study of introduction of commercial telephone network in Istanbul in 1913 by a consortium of foreign companies. After a short introduction of Ottoman post and telegraph policies in the nineteenth century, the timespan of the article covers a politically and economically turbulent historical era, the period between the auction process in 1909 and the nationalization of Istanbul telephone network in 1936. I focus on the relationship of Istanbul Telephone Company to the Ottoman/Turkish governments, financing mechanisms employed by the company, and development of reach of urban telephone network and technology transfer in Istanbul until nationalization. While compiling empirical backbone of the article, I employ a comprehensive search of English language newspapers that monitored and informed actors that participate into the financial markets in cities like London and New York, in addition to a wide array of sources in Turkish language. By doing so I provide a business history of Istanbul Telephone Company between 1909 and 1936 in the context of capitalist world economy and international financial markets. This history also has much to say about shaping of telecommunications policy in modern Turkish Republic.

References

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  • Alşan, R. (1990). Cumhuriyetin kuruluşu ve ilk onbeş yılında PTT işletmesi. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 4(17), 391-419.
  • Anchordoguy, M. (2001). Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Company (NTT) and the building of a telecommunications industry in Japan. The Business History Review, 75(3), 507-541.
  • Baker, R. L. (1935). Japanese trade in the Near East-Turkish affairs. Current History, 43(1), 108.
  • Barron’s. (1930, April 14). International telephone’s first quarter lower: Net earnings, however, will amply cover dividend requirements. Barron’s.
  • Barron’s. (1931, January 26). International Tel. and Tel.’s poor year: Net probably fell short of $2 dividend requirements – mixed trend in foreign business. Barron’s.
  • Başbakanlık İstatistik Umum Müdürlüğü. (1935). İstatistik yıllığı cilt 5 1933-1934. İstanbul: Hüsnütabiat Basımevi.
  • Başbakanlık İstatistik Umum Müdürlüğü. (1941). İstatistik yıllığı cilt 11 1939-1940. İstanbul: Hüsnütabiat Basımevi.
  • Bektaş, Y. (2000). The Sultan’s messenger: Cultural construction of Ottoman telegraphy, 1847-1880. Technology and Culture, 41(4), 669-696.
  • Bektaş, Y. (2001). Displaying the American genius: The electromagnetic telegraph in the wider world. The British Journal for the History of Science, 34(2), 199-232.
  • Berkes, N. (2002). Türkiye’de çağdaşlaşma. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi.
  • Biçen, A. (2020). Bitkileri adıyla çağırmak. Birikim, (376), 10-16.
  • BOA (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri). (1912). BEO, 4053/303940, Hicri 04.07.1330 (Miladi 20.06.1912).
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  • Bureau International de L’Union Télégraphique. (1933). Statistique générale de la téléphonie: Année 1931. Berne: Bureau International de L’Union Télégraphique.
  • Bureau International de L’Union Télégraphique. (1934). Statistique générale de la téléphonie: Année 1932. Berne: Bureau International de L’Union Télégraphique.
  • Burns, R. W. (2004). Communications: An international history of the formative years. London: The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
  • Casson, H. N. (1910). The history of the telephone. Chicago: A. C. McLurg & Co.
  • Choo, K. & Kang, M. (1994). South Korea: Structure and change. In Noam, E. M., Komatsuzaki, S. & Conn, D. A. (eds.), Telecommunications in the Pacific basin: An evolutionary approach (286-302). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Clifton, J., Comín, F. & Díaz-Fuentes, D. (2011). From national monopoly to multinational corporation: How regulation shaped the road towards telecommunications internationalisation. Business History, 53(5), 761-781.
  • Çetinkaya, Y. D. Osmanlı’yı Müslümanlaştırmak: Kitle siyaseti, toplumsal sınıflar, boykotlar ve Milli İktisat. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Davison, R. H. (1990). The advent of the electric telegraph in the Ottoman Empire. In Davison, R. (ed.), Essays in Ottoman and Turkish history, 1774-1923: The impact of the West (133-165). Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Demir, T. (2005). Türkiye’de posta telgraf ve telefon teşkilatının tarihsel gelişimi (1840-1920). Ankara: PTT Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Detroit Free Press. (1909, June 13). Sultan strives to be up to date: Turkey’s new ruler installs telephones in palace and harem. Detroit Free Press.
  • Eroğlu, N. (2002). Mehmed Cavid Bey’in iktisadi görüşleri. Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları: İstanbul Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(2), 163-183.
  • Ersoy, Hulusi. (2017). Osmanlı’da telefon hizmeti ve imtiyazı [PhD Dissertation]. Marmara University, Istanbul.
  • Es, H. F. (1942, January 28). Medeniyet kurbanları. Akşam.
  • Fortna, B. C. (2008). The reign of Abdülhamid II. In Kasaba, R. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Turkey Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World (38-61). New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Garretson, P. P. (1980). Ethiopia’s telephone and telegraph system, 1897-1935. Northeast African Studies 2(1), 59-71.
  • Gopika, G. G. (2014). Growth and development of telecom sector in India – An overview. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 16(9), 25-36.
  • Güzeliş, A. (2010). Telgraftan internete telekomünikasyon. İzmir: EMO.
  • Hill, A. & Abdala, M. A. (1993). Regulation, institutions and commitment: Privatization and regulation in the Argentine telecommunications sector. World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper no. 1216, November.
  • Holcombe, A. N. (1911). Public ownership of telephones on the continent of Europe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Horwitz, R. B. (2001). Communication and democratic reform in South Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ito, Y. & Iwata, A. (1994). Japan: Creating the domestic and international network. In Noam, E. M., Komatsuzaki, S. & Conn, D. A. (eds.), Telecommunications in the Pacific basin: An evolutionary approach (440-457). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • İleri, N. (2017). Allure of the night, fear of the dark: Nighttime illumination, spectacle, and order in fin-de-siècle Istanbul. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 37(2), 280-298.
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There are 98 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sırrı Emrah Üçer 0000-0001-5548-9577

Publication Date January 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 20

Cite

APA Üçer, S. E. (2021). Istanbul Telephone Company from Concession to Nationalization: A Study in Business History (1909-1936). Muhasebe Ve Finans Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi(20), 63-90.