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16. YÜZYILDA KONVERSO KADIN BİR BANKER: DONA GRACIA NASI MENDES ve OSMANLI DEVLETİ İLE İLİŞKİLERİ

Year 2022, Issue: 22, 39 - 52, 25.01.2022

Cengiz Toraman , Elif Ulucenk

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı kadın bir banker olarak Dona Gracia Nasi Mendes’in dönemine yaptığı olağanüstü finansal etkiyi ortaya koymaktır. 16. yüzyılın en zengin şirketlerinden biri olan Konverso Banker Mendes Ailesi’nin servetini yöneten Dona Gracia’nın hayatı, betimsel bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. Dona Gracia; yönettiği servet büyüdükçe, Yahudiliğinin deşifre edileceğine yönelik tehditlere maruz kalmıştır. Engizisyonun baskı ve zulmünden kaçan banker Portekiz’den sırasıyla; Antwerp’e, Venedik’e, Ferrara’ya, Ragusa’ya ve son olarak Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na sığınmıştır. Dünya finans tarihi açısından elzem öneme sahip Mendes Ailesi kurdukları “Banka Evi” sayesinde finansal sıkıntı yaşayan özel kesim ve krallıklara krediler sağlamıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na sığınana dek servetini kaybetme tehlikesi yaşayan Banker Dona Gracia’ya antisemitist batılı devletlerin yaptırımları, tarihte cam tavan sendromunun bir örneği niteliğindedir.

Keywords

Banker Osmanlı Devleti Cam Tavan Sendromu Banka Evi

References

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  • Backal, A. G. (1999). Anusim Women in Mexico, Shofar,18 (1).
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  • Miovic, V. & Seferovic, R. (2014). Gracia Mendes in Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik Annals, 18, 6594.
  • Omran, M.S., Alizadeh, H., & Esmaeeli, B. (2015). The Analysis of Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in the Promotion of Women’s Abilities in Organizations, International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 4(3), 315 – 323. DOI:10.33844/ijol. 2015.60323.
  • Restaino, M. (2018). The 1492 Jewish Expulsion from Spain: How Identity Politics and Economics Converged, Department of History, (University Honors Program Theses), Southern University, (Georgia).
  • Roth, C. (1947). The House of Nasi : Dona Gracia, 1, Philadelphia.’ dan aktaran: Olson, R, W, (1977). Jews in the Ottoman Empire and Their Role in Light of New Documents: Addenda and Revisions to Gibb and Browen, Tarih Enstitüsü Dergisi, 119 – 142.
  • Roth, C. (2001). Doña Gracia of the House of Nasi, Varda Books, USA.
  • Vekaric, N. (1998). The Population of Dubrovnik Republic in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Dubrovnik Annals, (2), 7-28.
  • Wirth, L. (2001). Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Women in Management, International Labour Office, Geneva.

Year 2022, Issue: 22, 39 - 52, 25.01.2022

Cengiz Toraman , Elif Ulucenk

Abstract

References

  • Adelman, H.T. (2013). The Venetian Identities of Beatrice and Brianda de Luna, Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues, 25, 10-29. DOI:10.2979/nashim.25.10
  • Backal, A. G. (1999). Anusim Women in Mexico, Shofar,18 (1).
  • Biegman, N. H. (1963). Ragusan Spying for the Ottoman Empire: Some 16th-Century Documents From the State. Archive at Dubrovnik, Belleten, 26/106, 237-255.
  • Billauaer, P. B. (2018). “Dona Gracia Nasi: First Lady of The Age of Exploration”.
  • Birnbaum, M. (2003). The Long Journey Of Gracia Mendes, Central European University Press, New York.
  • Bodian, M. (1999). Doña Gracia Nasi, Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Cook, R. (2015). “A Pilgrimage to a Personality: Doña Gracia Mendes” In B. Kirschen (Ed.),Judeo-Spanish and the Making of a Community, (152 – 168). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 1- 18.
  • Dabasi, J. (2017). Renaissance Woman in the Jewish Network: Dona Gracia, the Leader of the Ancona Boycott, 1- 10. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33307.16166
  • Firdausia, S., Yusuf, M., & Anggarani, F.K. (2020). Gender Stereotypes and Self-Efficacy as Determinants of the Glass Ceiling Effect: A Study of Female Civil Servants in Central Java, Jurnal Psikologi, 47(1), 56 – 63. DOI:10.22146/jpsi.43729
  • Frank, L. S. & Cooperman, B. (2013). Power, Politics and Personal Connections: Dona Gracia’s Inheritance, Rabbi Joseph ibn Lev, and the Law, 1 – 25.
  • Górski, Y, (2019). Concerning Some Marrano Threads in The Aesthetic Theory of Theodor W. Adorno, Religions, 10, 173, 1- 21. DOI::10.3390/rel10030173
  • https://forbes.co.il/e/the-first-lady/ (05.05.2021).
  • https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nasigracia-mendes-1510-1569 (04.05.2021)
  • https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/dona-gracia-nasi/ (05.05.2021)
  • Leite, E. (2013). An Academic Contribution Toward Qualitative Evaluations of Surprise Business Takeover Attack: an Historical Perspective. (Doktora tezi), UTAD, Vila Real, (Portugal).
  • Miovic, V. & Seferovic, R. (2014). Gracia Mendes in Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik Annals, 18, 6594.
  • Omran, M.S., Alizadeh, H., & Esmaeeli, B. (2015). The Analysis of Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in the Promotion of Women’s Abilities in Organizations, International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 4(3), 315 – 323. DOI:10.33844/ijol. 2015.60323.
  • Restaino, M. (2018). The 1492 Jewish Expulsion from Spain: How Identity Politics and Economics Converged, Department of History, (University Honors Program Theses), Southern University, (Georgia).
  • Roth, C. (1947). The House of Nasi : Dona Gracia, 1, Philadelphia.’ dan aktaran: Olson, R, W, (1977). Jews in the Ottoman Empire and Their Role in Light of New Documents: Addenda and Revisions to Gibb and Browen, Tarih Enstitüsü Dergisi, 119 – 142.
  • Roth, C. (2001). Doña Gracia of the House of Nasi, Varda Books, USA.
  • Vekaric, N. (1998). The Population of Dubrovnik Republic in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Dubrovnik Annals, (2), 7-28.
  • Wirth, L. (2001). Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Women in Management, International Labour Office, Geneva.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cengiz Toraman 0000-0001-8601-5542

Elif Ulucenk 0000-0001-6545-6621

Early Pub Date January 25, 2022
Publication Date January 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 22

Cite

APA Toraman, C., & Ulucenk, E. (2022). 16. YÜZYILDA KONVERSO KADIN BİR BANKER: DONA GRACIA NASI MENDES ve OSMANLI DEVLETİ İLE İLİŞKİLERİ. Accounting and Financial History Research Journal(22), 39-52.
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