FINDIK HASADI İŞÇİLERİNDE KAS-İSKELET SİSTEMİ RAHATSIZLIĞI RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNİ ANALİZ ETMEK İÇİN BİR DOĞRUSAL PROGRAMLAMA YAKLAŞIMI

Abstract

Fındık hasadı, küresel fındık endüstrisinin sürdürülmesi için hayati önem taşıyan, emek yoğun bir tarımsal faaliyettir. Önemine rağmen bu faaliyet, işin zorlu doğası nedeniyle çalışanların kas-iskelet sağlığı açısından potansiyel bir risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, fındık hasadı işçilerinde işe bağlı kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarıyla ilişkili risk faktörlerini analiz etmek için bir doğrusal programlama yaklaşımı önermektedir. Çalışmanın ilk aşaması, literatür taraması, saha gözlemleri ve uzman istişareleri yoluyla kilit risk faktörlerinin tanımlanmasını içermektedir. Bu faktörleri hem akademik hem de üretici bakış açılarından değerlendirmek için uzman bir ekip oluşturulmaktadır. Uzmanların seçimi deneyimleri, eğitim geçmişleri, bilgileri ve araştırma konusuyla ilgili çalışmaları dikkate alınarak yapılmaktadır. Faktörlerin önemini belirlemek için LP-GW-AHP yöntemi (analitik hiyerarşi prosesinde ağırlıkları üretmek için bir doğrusal programlama yöntemi) kullanılmaktadır. İkili karşılaştırma matrisi oluşturulduktan sonra optimal ağırlıkları elde etmek için bir matematiksel model oluşturulmaktadır. Ayrıca, model sonuçlarının geçerliliğini desteklemek için bir karşılaştırmalı analiz yapılmaktadır. Sonuçlara göre, hasat alanı, tekrarlayan hareketler ve uzun süreli ayakta durma en önemli üç faktördür. En az önemli faktörler ise deneyim, titreşim ve zihinsel ve mesleki stres olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlığı risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesini doğrusal programlamaya dayalı birçok kriterli karar verme problemi olarak formüle ederek ve probleme LP-GW-AHP yöntemini uygulayarak yeniliğini sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Ergonomi
• LP-GW-AHP
• Doğrusal programlama
• Kas-iskelet sorunları

A LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO ANALYZE MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER RISK FACTORS IN HAZELNUT HARVESTING WORKERS

Abstract

Harvesting hazelnuts is a labor-intensive agricultural activity crucial for sustaining the global nut industry. Despite its significance, this activity poses a potential risk to workers’ musculoskeletal health due to the demanding nature of the work. This study proposes a linear programming approach to analyze risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among hazelnut harvesting workers. The initial phase of the study includes the identification of key risk factors through a literature review, field observations, and expert consultations. An expert team is formed to evaluate these factors from both academic and producer perspectives. The selection of the experts is done by considering their experience, educational background, knowledge, and publications relevant to the research topic. To determine the importance of the factors, the LP-GW-AHP method (a linear programming method to generate weights in the analytic hierarchy process) is employed. Once the pairwise comparison matrix is established, a mathematical model is created to obtain optimal weights. Additionally, a comparative analysis is conducted to support the validity of the model results. According to the results, harvest area, repetitive movements, and prolonged standing are the top three most important factors. Furthermore, the least important factors are determined to be experience, vibration, and mental and occupational stress. This study presents its novelty by formulating the evaluation of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors as a linear programming-driven multicriteria decision-making problem and applying the LP-GW-AHP method to the problem.

Keywords

• Ergonomics
• LP-GW-AHP
• Linear programming
• Musculoskeletal issues

References

1. Gideon Asuquo, E., Tighe, S. M. and Bradshaw, C., "Interventions to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare staff in nursing homes; An integrative literature review", International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 3, 100033, 2021.
2. Arvidsson, I., Dahlqvist, C., Enquist, H. and Nordander, C., "Action levels for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper extremities: a proposal", Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 65(7), 741–747, 2021.
3. Shin, W. and Park, M., "Ergonomic interventions for prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in a small manufacturing assembly line", International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 25(1), 110–122, 2019.
4. Karabacak, V., "Çay ve fındık tarımı çalışanlarında iş sağlığı güvenliği risklerinin değerlendirilmesi ve rehber geliştirme çalışması", Specialization Thesis in Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey, 2017.
5. Hohnen, P. and Hasle, P., "Making work environment auditable – A ‘critical case’ study of certified occupational health and safety management systems in Denmark", Safety Science, 49(7), 1022–1029, 2011.
6. Khan, F., Rathnayaka, S. and Ahmed, S., "Methods and models in process safety and risk management: Past, present and future", Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 98, 116–147, 2015.
7. Leite, W. K. D. S., Silva, L. B. D., Souza, E. L. D., Fernandes, J. G. B. and Colaço, G. A., "Risk of WMSDs in monofunctional and multifunctional workers in a Brazilian footwear company", Production, 27, e20172318, 2017.
8. Rahimi, F., Kazemi, K., Zahednejad, S., López-López, D. and Calvo-Lobo, C., "Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Iranian physical therapists: a cross-sectional study", Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 41(6), 503–507, 2018.

9. Abdul Aziz, F., Ghazalli, Z. and Mohd Zuki Mohamed, N., "A web-based ergonomics assessment system for prioritizing critical work-related musculoskeletal disorders risk factor", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 788(1), 012024, 2020.
10. Khan, N. Z., Shihab, S. K., Attri, R., Siddiquee, A. N. and Khan, Z. A., "Prioritization of lower back pain risk factors among industrial workers using the best–worst method", International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 27(2), 544–551, 2021.
11. Qureshi, A. M. and Solomon, D. G., "Ergonomic assessment of postural loads in small- and medium-scale foundry units", Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 102(2), 323–335, 2021.
12. Jain, R., Rana, K. B., Meena, M. L. and Verma, V., "Application of the best-worst method approach for prioritizing risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among mobile device users: A case study", Work, 73(2), 559–568, 2022.
13. Sharma, G., Ahmad, S., Mallick, Z., Khan, Z. A., James, A. T., Asjad, M., Badruddin, I. A., Kamangar, S., Javed, S., Mohammed, A. A. and Ahammad, N. A., "Risk factors assessment of musculoskeletal disorders among professional vehicle drivers in India using an ordinal priority approach", Mathematics, 10(23), 4492, 2022.
14. Tatar, V., Yazicioglu, O. and Ayvaz, B., "A novel risk assessment model for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in tea harvesting workers", Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 44(2), 2305–2323, 2023.
15. Singh, P., Bhardwaj, P., Sharma, S. K. and Agrawal, A. K., "Association of organisational factors with work-related musculoskeletal disorders and psychological well-being: a job demand control model study", Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 24(5), 593–606, 2023.
16. Alyousef, Y. S., Johnston, V. and Smith, M. D., "Work-related outcomes in individuals with and without lower limb osteoarthritis: an online survey", BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1885, 2023.
17. Marimuthu, R., Sankaranarayanan, B. and Karuppiah, K., "Prioritizing the factors affecting the occupational health and safety of workers in the mining industry using the SWARA Technique", Journal of Current Science and Technology, 13(1), 59–73, 2023.
18. Sardar, S. K., Lim, C. H., Yoon, S. H. and Lee, S. C., "Ergonomic risk assessment of manufacturing works in virtual reality context", International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2201558
19. Aksüt, G., Eren, T. and Alakaş, H. M., "Using wearable technological devices to improve workplace health and safety: An assessment on a sector base with multi-criteria decision-making methods", Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 15(2), 102423, 2024.
20. Das, S. K., Patyal, V. S. and Ambekar, S., "Modeling of risk factors leading to workrelated musculoskeletal disorders in medical practitioners", Safety Science, 172, 106427, 2024.
21. Gerger, H., Macri, E. M., Jackson, J. A., Elbers, R. G., Van Rijn, R., Søgaard, K., Burdorf, A., Koes, B. and Chiarotto, A., "Physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review of prospective studies", Applied Ergonomics, 117, 104211, 2024.
22. Fathimahhayati, L. D., Pawitra, T. A., Tambunan, W. and Hartono, M., "Comparison of AWBA, RULA, REBA, OWAS for assessing potential work-related musculoskeletal disorder in oyster mushroom farmers (case study of oyster mushroom farms in Lempake Samarinda)", AIP Conference Proceedings, 2710, 050007, 2024.
23. Huang, K., Jia, G., Wang, Q., Cai, Y., Zhong, Z. and Jiao, Z., "Spatial relationship-aware rapid entire body fuzzy assessment method for prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders", Applied Ergonomics, 115, 104176, 2024.
24. Zhang, R. and Huang, M., "A quick capture evaluation system for the automatic assessment of work-related musculoskeletal disorders for sanitation workers", Applied Sciences, 14(4), 1542, 2024.
25. Zohair, H. M. A., Girish, S. and Hazari, A., "Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among United Arab Emirates schoolteachers: an examination of physical activity", BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 25(1), 134, 2024.
26. Cacal, J. C., Taboada, E. B. and Mehboob, M. S., "Strategic implementation of integrated water resource management in selected areas of Palawan: SWOT-AHP method", Sustainability, 15(4), 2922, 2023.
27. Singer, H. and Özşahin, Ş., "Applying an interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to rank factors influencing wooden outdoor furniture selection", Wood Material Science and Engineering, 18(1), 322–333, 2023.
28. Abastante, F., Corrente, S., Greco, S., Ishizaka, A. and Lami, I. M., "A new parsimonious AHP methodology: Assigning priorities to many objects by comparing pairwise few reference objects", Expert Systems with Applications, 127, 109–120, 2019.
29. Ramík, J., "Deriving priority vector from pairwise comparisons matrix with fuzzy elements by solving optimization problem", OPSEARCH, 60(2), 1045–1062, 2023.
30. Hosseinian, S. S., Navidi, H. and Hajfathaliha, A., "A new linear programming method for weights generation and group decision making in the analytic hierarchy process", Group Decision and Negotiation, 21(3), 233–254, 2012.
31. Kamvysi, K., Gotzamani, K., Andronikidis, A. and Georgiou, A. C., "Capturing and prioritizing students’ requirements for course design by embedding Fuzzy-AHP and linear programming in QFD", European Journal of Operational Research, 237(3), 1083–1094, 2014.
32. Mendoza Mendoza, A. A., Ospino Castro, W. A. and Romero Martinez, D. S., "Applying LP-GW-AHP decision-making methods and fuzzy logic to select an elective course in the University of the Atlántico, Colombia", Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte, 48, 351–364, 2016.
33. Şengül, Ü., Eren, M. and Shiraz, S. E., "Application of linear programming to derive the local weight in the analytic hierarchy process", International Journal of Operational Research, 27(3), 450–468, 2016.
34. Gotzamani, K., Georgiou, A., Andronikidis, A. and Kamvysi, K., "Introducing multivariate Markov modeling within QFD to anticipate future customer preferences in product design", International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 35(3), 762–778, 2018.
35. Kamvysi, K., Andronikidis, A., Georgiou, A. C. and Gotzamani, K., "A quality function deployment framework for service strategy planning", Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 73, 103343, 2023.
36. Nikou, S. and Mezei, J., "Evaluation of mobile services and substantial adoption factors with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)", Telecommunications Policy, 37(10), 915–929, 2013.
37. Demi̇r, R. and Kuvat, Ö., "Use of AHP and MOORA for cattle breeding: Karesi district of Balikesir province application", Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 8–17, 2020.
38. Ilce, A. C. and Ozkaya, K., "An integrated intelligent system for construction industry: a case study of raised floor material", Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 24(5), 1866–1884, 2018.
39. Senan, C. P. C., Ajin, R. S., Danumah, J. H., Costache, R., Arabameri, A., Rajaneesh, A., Sajinkumar, K. S. and Kuriakose, S. L., "Flood vulnerability of a few areas in the foothills of the Western Ghats: a comparison of AHP and F-AHP models", Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 37(2), 527–556, 2023.
40. Özşahin, Ş., Singer, H., Temiz, A. and Yildirim, İ., "Selection of softwood species for structural and non-structural timber construction by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the multiobjective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA)", Baltic Forestry, 25(2), 281–288, 2019.
41. Atış, E. (Editors: Efe, R., and Cürebal, I.), Contemporary studies in sciences, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, United States of America, 2020.
42. Ameen, R. F. M. and Mourshed, M., "Urban sustainability assessment framework development: The ranking and weighting of sustainability indicators using analytic hierarchy process", Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 356–366, 2019.
43. Saaty, T. L., "How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process", Interfaces, 24(6), 19–43, 1994.
44. Keršulienė, V., Zavadskas, E. K. and Turskis, Z., "Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step‐wise weight assessment ratio analysis (Swara)", Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 243–258, 2010.
45. Rezaei, J., "Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method", Omega, 53, 49–57, 2015.