IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Piper cubeba EXTRACTS

Abstract

Piper cubeba L., commonly known as cubeb, is a medicinal plant known for its essential oil and phenolic compounds with various biological activities. In this study, fruits of P. cubeba collected from Gaziantep were analyzed for their chemical composition and bioactivity. The essential oil, obtained via hexane extraction and analyzed by GC-MS, contained 49 compounds, with Eudesma-3,7(11)-diene (31.00%) as the major component, followed by cubenol, β-cubebene, and others. Sequential solvent extraction (acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) was performed, and the phenolic profiles of the extracts were determined using HPLC-DAD. The major phenolics identified included 1,4-dichlorobenzene, curcumin, cynarin, and rutin. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. The water extract (PC4) showed the strongest antioxidant capacity among all extracts. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibition assays revealed that the acetone extract (PC1) exhibited the highest enzyme inhibitory activity. This comprehensive study provides new insights into the chemical composition and biological potential of P. cubeba fruits collected from Turkey.

Keywords

• Piper cubeba
• Phenolic compounds
• Chemical content
• Enzyme inhibition activity

Piper cubeba EKSTRELERININ KIMYASAL BILEŞENLERININ BELIRLENMESI VE BIYOLOJIK AKTIVITELERININ DEĞERLENDIRILMESI

Abstract

Piper cubeba L., yaygın olarak kebabe veya kebabiye olarak bilinen, uçucu yağı ve fenolik bileşikleriyle çeşitli biyolojik aktivitelere sahip tıbbi bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, Gaziantep’ten toplanan P. cubeba meyvelerinin kimyasal bileşimi ve biyolojik aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Hekzan ekstraksiyonu ile elde edilen uçucu yağ, GC-MS ile analiz edilmiş ve Eudesma-3,7(11)-dien (%31,00) majör bileşik olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer önemli bileşikler arasında cubenol, β-cubebene ve τ-cadinol yer almaktadır. Aseton, etil asetat, metanol ve su ile sırasıyla yapılan ekstraksiyon sonucunda elde edilen ekstrelerin fenolik içerikleri HPLC-DAD ile analiz edilmiştir. Başlıca tespit edilen fenolik bileşikler arasında 1,4-diklorobenzen, kurkumin, sinarin ve rutin yer almaktadır. Antioksidan aktiviteler DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC ve β-karoten-linoleik asit yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiş; en yüksek antioksidan aktivite su ekstresinde (PC4) gözlemlenmiştir. Asetilkolinesteraz, bütirilkolinesteraz ve tirozinaz enzim inhibisyon testleri sonucunda ise en yüksek inhibitör etki aseton ekstresinde (PC1) belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'den toplanan P. cubeba meyvelerinin kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerini kapsamlı bir şekilde ortaya koyan ilk araştırmalardan biridir.

Keywords

• Piper cubeba
• Fenolik bileşikler
• Kimyasal içerik
• Enzim inhibisyon aktivite

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