Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2020, , 50 - 62, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.597462

Abstract

References

  • [1] Aiken, R. L., (1995). Aging: An Introduction to Gerontology (1th Edition). USA: Sage Publications.
  • [2] Akgül H. ve Yeşilyaprak B., (2015). “Yaşlılar İçin Yalnızlık Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlaması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması” Yaşlı sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 8(1), 34-45.http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/yasad/article/view/5000119293/5000117646 (Access Date: 27.12.2014).
  • [3] Azadi, S., Sepaskhah, A.R., (2011). Annual precipitation forecast for west, southwest, and south provinces of Iran using artificial neural networks. Theor. Appl. Climatol.
  • [4] Azadi S., Karimi-Jashni A., (2016). Verifying the performance of the artificial neural network and multiple linear regression in predicting the mean seasonal municipal solid waste generation rate: A case study of Fars province, Iran. Waste Management , 48, 14–23.
  • [5] Beal, C., (2006). “Lonelıness In Older women: A Revıew Of The Lıterature”. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 27, 795–813. DOI: 10.1080/01612840600781196 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1 0.1080/01612840600781196 (Access Date: 18.11.2014).
  • [6] Beale, M.H., Hagan, M.T., Demuth, M.H., (2010). Neural Network ToolboxTM 7 User´s Guide. MathWorks Inc: Natick, MA.
  • [7] Cattan, M., White M., Bond J. and Learmouth A., (2005). “Preventing Social İsolation And Loneliness Among Older People: A Systematic Review Of Health Promotion İnterventions”. Ageing & Society, 25, 41-67. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X04002594.http://journals.cambridge.org (Access Date: 27.12.2014).
  • [8] Danış, M. Z., (2004). Yaşlıların Evde Bakım Gereksinimleri Ve Evde Bakıma İlişkin Düşünceleri: Başarılı Yaşlanma Ve Yaşlı Bakım Modelleri. Ankara: Türkiye Güçsüzler ve Kimsesizlere Yardım Vakfı yayını.
  • [9] De Jong Gierveld, J., (1998). “A Review Of Loneliness: Concept And Definitions, Determinants, And Consequences”. Review in Clinical Gerontology, 8, 73-80.
  • [10] Dykstra, P. A., (2009). “Older Adult Loneliness: Myths and Realities”. European Journal of Ageing, 6, 91–100. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-009-0110-3. (Access Date: 25.11.2015).
  • [11] Eshbaugh, E., (2009). “The Role Of Friends İn Predicting Loneliness Among Older Women Living Alone”. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 35(5),13–16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19476188 (Access Date: 11.10.2014).
  • [12] Flott, L.W., (2012). Using the scatter diagram tool to compare data, show relationship.Met. Finish. 110, 33–35.
  • [13] Fukuoka, Y., Matsuki, H., Minamitani, H., Ishida, A., 1998. A modified backpropagation method to avoid false local minima. Neural Netw. 11, 1059–1072.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regression.
  • [14] Gamble, N. (2011). A Joint Project of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Dalla Lana School of Public Health. The University of Toronto and Toronto Public Health, Kanada: 2010 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.
  • [15] Geçtan, E., (2000). İnsan Olmak (20. Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • [16] Hawkley, L. C. and Cacioppo, J. T., (2010). “Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms”. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218-227. DOI 10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3874845/#__ffn_sectitle (Access Date: 30.12.2014).
  • [17] Jahandideh, S., Jahandideh, S., Asadabadi, E., Askarian, M., Movahedi, M.M., Hosseini, S., Jahandideh, M., (2009). The use of artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression to predict rate of medical waste generation. J. Waste Manage. 29, 2874–2879.
  • [18] Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2014). Onuncu Kalkınma Planı. Yaşlanma, Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Ankara.
  • [19] Kocadağlı, O., (2015). “A novel hybrid learning algorithm for full Bayesian approach of artificial neural Networks”. Appl. Soft Comput. 35, 52–65.
  • [20] Koç, M. (2002). “Gelişim Psikolojisi Açısından Yaşlılık Döneminde Ruhsal Gelişim”. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12, 287-304.
  • [21] Koşar, N., (1996). Sosyal Hizmetlerde Yaşlı Refahı Alanı. Ankara: Şafak Matbaacılık.
  • [22] MacCourt, P. (2004). Seniors Mental Health Policy Lens: An Instrument for Developing Policy, Legislation, Programs and Services That Promote and Support the Mental Health of Older Adults. Vancouver: British Columbia Psychogeriatric Association. Available. www.seniorsmentalhealth.ca/PolicyLensENG_1706.pdf.
  • [23] Maçkan, A. Ç., (2013). Yaşlılık Döneminde Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Esnekliğin Evlilik Uyumuna Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • [24] Peplau, L. A. and Perlman, D., (1982). Perspective on Loneliness. In L. A. Peplau ve D. Perlman (Eds). Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (13–46). New York: Wiley Interscience.
  • [25] Pinquart, M. and Sorensen, S. (2001). “Influences on loneliness in older adults: A metaanalysis”. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 245–267.
  • [26] Revenson, T.A. (1986). Debunking The Myth Of Loneliness İn Late Life. In E. Seidman and J. Rappaport(Eds.). Redefining Social Problems (115-135), New York: Plenum Press.
  • [27] Schoenmakers, E. C, van Tilburg, T.G. and Fokkema, T., (2012). “Coping With Loneliness: What Do Older Adults Suggest?”. Aging & Mental Health, 16(3), 353-360. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13607863.2011.630373 (Access Date: 25.11.2015).
  • [28] Shu, Y., Lam, N.S.N., (2011). “Spatial disaggregation of carbon dioxide emissions from road traffic based on multiple linear regression model”. Atmos. Environ, 45, 634–640.
  • [29] Stone, J., Evandrou, M. and Falkingham, J., (2013). “The Transition To Living Alone and Psychological Distress in Later Life”. Age and Ageing. 42(3), 366-72. doi: 10.1093/ageing/aft006. (Access Date: 25.11.2015). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633366
  • [30] Sullivan, H. S., (1953). Interpersonal Theory of Personality. New York: Norton Company Inc.
  • [31] Tornstam, L., (2007). “Stereotypes of old people persist: A Swedish “Facts on aging quiz” in a 23-year comparative perspective”. International Journal of Aging and Later Life, 2(1), 33-59. (Access Date: 15.02.2016) http://www.ep.liu.se/ej/ijal/2007/v2/i1/a3/ijal07v2i1a3.pdf
  • [32] Treacy, P., Butler M., Byrne A., Drennan J., Fealy G., Frazer K. and Irving K. (2004). Loneliness and Social Isolation Among Older Irish People, Dublin: School of Nursing and Midwifery University College, No:84.
  • [33] Tufan, İ., (2003). Modernleşen Türkiye’de Yaşlılık ve Yaşlanmak. İstanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar.
  • [34] Victor, C. R., Bowling, C. R., and Bond, J., (2002). Loneliness, Social Isolation and Living Alone in Later Life. Sheffield: ESRC.
  • [35] Victor, C. R, Scameler, S., and Bond, J., (2012). The Socıal World Order of Older People, New York: Springer Publishing Company, LLC. E-book ISBN: 978-0-8261 0800-5 Bilkent Üniversitesi.
  • [36] Wang, Y., Li, J., Gu, J., Zhou, Z., Wang, Z., (2015). “Artificial neural networks for infectious diarrhea prediction using meteorological factors in Shanghai (China)”. Appl. Soft Comput, 35, 280–290.
  • [37] Weiss, R., (1973). Loneliness: the Experience of Social and Emotional Loneliness. USA: MIT Press.
  • [38] WHO, (1998). The Uses of Epidemiology in The Study of The Elderly. (WHO, Technical Reports Series 706), Geneva: 8-9. (ErişimTarihi: 05.11.2014). http://www.who.int/whr/1998/en/
  • [39] WHO, (2002). World Health Organisation, Active Ageing A Policy Framework. WHO Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Ageing and Life Course, Geneva. http://www.who.int/hpr/ageing/ActiveAgeingPolicyFrame.pdf (Access Date: 25.11.2015).
  • [40] Zhang, G., Patuwo, B.E., Hu, M.Y., (1998). Forecasting with artificial neural networks: state of the art. Int. J. Forecast. 14, 35–62.
  • [41] Zhao, X., Wang, sh., Li, T., (2011). Review of evaluation criteria and main methods of wind power forecasting. Energy Pro, 12, 761–769.

ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS

Year 2020, , 50 - 62, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.597462

Abstract

In recent years, with the increase in the amount of data, the development of the technology required for the analysis of this data has made it easier for artificial intelligence to enter all areas. In this study, "Loneliness Scale for the Elderly" was used to measure loneliness level as a dependent variable, and the predictability of emotional and social loneliness parameters obtained was investigated with artificial intelligence and statistical techniques. For this reason, various scales were used to examine Emotional Loneliness (EL), and Social Loneliness (SL) and various input parameters were used in the scales. In this study, we designed an expert system which uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - Machine Learning Algorithm and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) statistical methods to estimate the SL and EL values by feeding with input values. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Correlation Coefficient (R) parameters were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the expert system. When the performance criteria were analyzed, it was found that ANN was the best predictor of SL and EL values. Social or emotional loneliness of individuals can be estimated by entering the questionnaire responses that are not included in the sample through the expert system developed in this study.

References

  • [1] Aiken, R. L., (1995). Aging: An Introduction to Gerontology (1th Edition). USA: Sage Publications.
  • [2] Akgül H. ve Yeşilyaprak B., (2015). “Yaşlılar İçin Yalnızlık Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlaması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması” Yaşlı sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 8(1), 34-45.http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/yasad/article/view/5000119293/5000117646 (Access Date: 27.12.2014).
  • [3] Azadi, S., Sepaskhah, A.R., (2011). Annual precipitation forecast for west, southwest, and south provinces of Iran using artificial neural networks. Theor. Appl. Climatol.
  • [4] Azadi S., Karimi-Jashni A., (2016). Verifying the performance of the artificial neural network and multiple linear regression in predicting the mean seasonal municipal solid waste generation rate: A case study of Fars province, Iran. Waste Management , 48, 14–23.
  • [5] Beal, C., (2006). “Lonelıness In Older women: A Revıew Of The Lıterature”. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 27, 795–813. DOI: 10.1080/01612840600781196 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1 0.1080/01612840600781196 (Access Date: 18.11.2014).
  • [6] Beale, M.H., Hagan, M.T., Demuth, M.H., (2010). Neural Network ToolboxTM 7 User´s Guide. MathWorks Inc: Natick, MA.
  • [7] Cattan, M., White M., Bond J. and Learmouth A., (2005). “Preventing Social İsolation And Loneliness Among Older People: A Systematic Review Of Health Promotion İnterventions”. Ageing & Society, 25, 41-67. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X04002594.http://journals.cambridge.org (Access Date: 27.12.2014).
  • [8] Danış, M. Z., (2004). Yaşlıların Evde Bakım Gereksinimleri Ve Evde Bakıma İlişkin Düşünceleri: Başarılı Yaşlanma Ve Yaşlı Bakım Modelleri. Ankara: Türkiye Güçsüzler ve Kimsesizlere Yardım Vakfı yayını.
  • [9] De Jong Gierveld, J., (1998). “A Review Of Loneliness: Concept And Definitions, Determinants, And Consequences”. Review in Clinical Gerontology, 8, 73-80.
  • [10] Dykstra, P. A., (2009). “Older Adult Loneliness: Myths and Realities”. European Journal of Ageing, 6, 91–100. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-009-0110-3. (Access Date: 25.11.2015).
  • [11] Eshbaugh, E., (2009). “The Role Of Friends İn Predicting Loneliness Among Older Women Living Alone”. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 35(5),13–16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19476188 (Access Date: 11.10.2014).
  • [12] Flott, L.W., (2012). Using the scatter diagram tool to compare data, show relationship.Met. Finish. 110, 33–35.
  • [13] Fukuoka, Y., Matsuki, H., Minamitani, H., Ishida, A., 1998. A modified backpropagation method to avoid false local minima. Neural Netw. 11, 1059–1072.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regression.
  • [14] Gamble, N. (2011). A Joint Project of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Dalla Lana School of Public Health. The University of Toronto and Toronto Public Health, Kanada: 2010 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.
  • [15] Geçtan, E., (2000). İnsan Olmak (20. Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • [16] Hawkley, L. C. and Cacioppo, J. T., (2010). “Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms”. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218-227. DOI 10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3874845/#__ffn_sectitle (Access Date: 30.12.2014).
  • [17] Jahandideh, S., Jahandideh, S., Asadabadi, E., Askarian, M., Movahedi, M.M., Hosseini, S., Jahandideh, M., (2009). The use of artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression to predict rate of medical waste generation. J. Waste Manage. 29, 2874–2879.
  • [18] Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2014). Onuncu Kalkınma Planı. Yaşlanma, Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Ankara.
  • [19] Kocadağlı, O., (2015). “A novel hybrid learning algorithm for full Bayesian approach of artificial neural Networks”. Appl. Soft Comput. 35, 52–65.
  • [20] Koç, M. (2002). “Gelişim Psikolojisi Açısından Yaşlılık Döneminde Ruhsal Gelişim”. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12, 287-304.
  • [21] Koşar, N., (1996). Sosyal Hizmetlerde Yaşlı Refahı Alanı. Ankara: Şafak Matbaacılık.
  • [22] MacCourt, P. (2004). Seniors Mental Health Policy Lens: An Instrument for Developing Policy, Legislation, Programs and Services That Promote and Support the Mental Health of Older Adults. Vancouver: British Columbia Psychogeriatric Association. Available. www.seniorsmentalhealth.ca/PolicyLensENG_1706.pdf.
  • [23] Maçkan, A. Ç., (2013). Yaşlılık Döneminde Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Esnekliğin Evlilik Uyumuna Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • [24] Peplau, L. A. and Perlman, D., (1982). Perspective on Loneliness. In L. A. Peplau ve D. Perlman (Eds). Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (13–46). New York: Wiley Interscience.
  • [25] Pinquart, M. and Sorensen, S. (2001). “Influences on loneliness in older adults: A metaanalysis”. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 245–267.
  • [26] Revenson, T.A. (1986). Debunking The Myth Of Loneliness İn Late Life. In E. Seidman and J. Rappaport(Eds.). Redefining Social Problems (115-135), New York: Plenum Press.
  • [27] Schoenmakers, E. C, van Tilburg, T.G. and Fokkema, T., (2012). “Coping With Loneliness: What Do Older Adults Suggest?”. Aging & Mental Health, 16(3), 353-360. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13607863.2011.630373 (Access Date: 25.11.2015).
  • [28] Shu, Y., Lam, N.S.N., (2011). “Spatial disaggregation of carbon dioxide emissions from road traffic based on multiple linear regression model”. Atmos. Environ, 45, 634–640.
  • [29] Stone, J., Evandrou, M. and Falkingham, J., (2013). “The Transition To Living Alone and Psychological Distress in Later Life”. Age and Ageing. 42(3), 366-72. doi: 10.1093/ageing/aft006. (Access Date: 25.11.2015). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633366
  • [30] Sullivan, H. S., (1953). Interpersonal Theory of Personality. New York: Norton Company Inc.
  • [31] Tornstam, L., (2007). “Stereotypes of old people persist: A Swedish “Facts on aging quiz” in a 23-year comparative perspective”. International Journal of Aging and Later Life, 2(1), 33-59. (Access Date: 15.02.2016) http://www.ep.liu.se/ej/ijal/2007/v2/i1/a3/ijal07v2i1a3.pdf
  • [32] Treacy, P., Butler M., Byrne A., Drennan J., Fealy G., Frazer K. and Irving K. (2004). Loneliness and Social Isolation Among Older Irish People, Dublin: School of Nursing and Midwifery University College, No:84.
  • [33] Tufan, İ., (2003). Modernleşen Türkiye’de Yaşlılık ve Yaşlanmak. İstanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar.
  • [34] Victor, C. R., Bowling, C. R., and Bond, J., (2002). Loneliness, Social Isolation and Living Alone in Later Life. Sheffield: ESRC.
  • [35] Victor, C. R, Scameler, S., and Bond, J., (2012). The Socıal World Order of Older People, New York: Springer Publishing Company, LLC. E-book ISBN: 978-0-8261 0800-5 Bilkent Üniversitesi.
  • [36] Wang, Y., Li, J., Gu, J., Zhou, Z., Wang, Z., (2015). “Artificial neural networks for infectious diarrhea prediction using meteorological factors in Shanghai (China)”. Appl. Soft Comput, 35, 280–290.
  • [37] Weiss, R., (1973). Loneliness: the Experience of Social and Emotional Loneliness. USA: MIT Press.
  • [38] WHO, (1998). The Uses of Epidemiology in The Study of The Elderly. (WHO, Technical Reports Series 706), Geneva: 8-9. (ErişimTarihi: 05.11.2014). http://www.who.int/whr/1998/en/
  • [39] WHO, (2002). World Health Organisation, Active Ageing A Policy Framework. WHO Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Ageing and Life Course, Geneva. http://www.who.int/hpr/ageing/ActiveAgeingPolicyFrame.pdf (Access Date: 25.11.2015).
  • [40] Zhang, G., Patuwo, B.E., Hu, M.Y., (1998). Forecasting with artificial neural networks: state of the art. Int. J. Forecast. 14, 35–62.
  • [41] Zhao, X., Wang, sh., Li, T., (2011). Review of evaluation criteria and main methods of wind power forecasting. Energy Pro, 12, 761–769.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Journals
Authors

Hanife Akgül 0000-0001-8543-9343

Esma Uzunhisarlıkçı 0000-0003-2821-4177

Erhan Kavuncuoğlu 0000-0001-6862-2891

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Akgül, H., Uzunhisarlıkçı, E., & Kavuncuoğlu, E. (2020). ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.597462
AMA Akgül H, Uzunhisarlıkçı E, Kavuncuoğlu E. ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. June 2020;6(1):50-62. doi:10.22531/muglajsci.597462
Chicago Akgül, Hanife, Esma Uzunhisarlıkçı, and Erhan Kavuncuoğlu. “ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (June 2020): 50-62. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.597462.
EndNote Akgül H, Uzunhisarlıkçı E, Kavuncuoğlu E (June 1, 2020) ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 6 1 50–62.
IEEE H. Akgül, E. Uzunhisarlıkçı, and E. Kavuncuoğlu, “ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS”, Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 50–62, 2020, doi: 10.22531/muglajsci.597462.
ISNAD Akgül, Hanife et al. “ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 6/1 (June 2020), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.597462.
JAMA Akgül H, Uzunhisarlıkçı E, Kavuncuoğlu E. ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2020;6:50–62.
MLA Akgül, Hanife et al. “ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, 2020, pp. 50-62, doi:10.22531/muglajsci.597462.
Vancouver Akgül H, Uzunhisarlıkçı E, Kavuncuoğlu E. ESTIMATION OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL LONELINESS IN ELDERS WITH THE DEVELOPED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2020;6(1):50-62.

5975f2e33b6ce.png
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri ve Teknoloji Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-AynıLisanslaPaylaş 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.