PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A WIRELESS CHARGING CONVERTER FOR ACTIVE IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES
Year 2020,
, 11 - 17, 31.12.2020
Sevilay Çetin
,
Yunus Emre Demirci
,
Onur Büyükgümüş
Abstract
This paper evaluates the performance of a wireless power transfer (WPT) converter for active implantable medical devices (AIMDs). The efficiency is the key parameter in the design of a WPT converter for charging of AIMDs. The compensation topology of a WPT system has an important role for high efficiency power transfer. Thus, this work analyses a WPT converter using LC/S hybrid compensation topology, for wireless charging of AIMDs, in terms of high efficiency power transfer. In the efficiency analyses, the WPT converter is tested by 3D electromagnetic simulation software. The maximum efficiency is obtained as 72.33% while the output voltage is 4.2 V and the current is 0.45 A. Finally, safety performance of proposed WPT converter is also evaluated based on specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis. The average peak spatial head/torso SAR produced by WPT converter is obtained as 0.0254 W/kg, which is lower than recommended restrictions.
Supporting Institution
Pamukkale Universitesi
Project Number
2019FEBE064
References
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Year 2020,
, 11 - 17, 31.12.2020
Sevilay Çetin
,
Yunus Emre Demirci
,
Onur Büyükgümüş
Project Number
2019FEBE064
References
- [1] CEN EN 45502-1, “Active Implantable Medical Device. Part1: General Requirements for Safety, Marking and Information to be provided by the Manufactures”, 1997.
- [2] Santini, M., Cappato, R., Andresen, D., Brachmann, J., Davies, D.W., Cleland, J., Filippi, A., Gronda, E., Hauer, R., Steinbeck, G., Steinhaus, D., “Current state of knowledge and experts perspective on the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator,” J. Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiol., Vol. 25: No. 3, 83–88, 2009.
- [3] Drews, J., Fehrmann, G., Staub, R., and Wolf, R., “Primary batteries for implantable pacemakers and defibrillators”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 97–98, 747–749, 2001.
- [4] Klug, D., Balde, M., Pavin, D., Hidden-Lucet, F., Clementy, J., Sadoul, N., Rey, J.L., Lande, G., Lazarus, A., Victor, J., Barnay, C., Grandbastien, B. and Kacet, S., “Risk Factors Related to Infections of Implanted Pacemakers and Cardioverter-Defibrillators Results of a Large Prospective Study”, Circulation, Vol.116, No.12, 1349-1355, 2007.
- [5] Campi T., Cruciani S., Palandrani F., De Santis V., Hirata A. and Feliziani M., “Wireless Power Transfer Charging System for AIMDs and Pacemakers”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.64, No.2, 633- 642, 2016.
- [6] Lu, Y. and Ki, W.H., “A 13.56 MHz CMOS Active Rectifier With Switched-Offset and Compensated Biasing for Biomedical Wireless Power Transfer Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuit and Systems, Vol.8, No.3, 334-344, 2014.
- [7] Ahire, D.B. and Gond, V.J., “Wireless Power Transfer System for Biomedical Application: A Review”, International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics”, 2017, 135-140.
- [8] Xue, R.F., Cheng, K.W. and Je, M., “High-Efficiency Wireless Power Transfer for Biomedical Implants by Optimal Resonant Load Transformation”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - I:Regular Papers, Vol.60, No.4, 867-874, 2013.
- [9] Yi, Y., Buttner, U., Fan, Y. and Foulds, I.G., “Design and optimization of a 3-coil resonance-based wireless power transfer system for biomedical implants”, International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, Vol.43, No.10, 1379–1390, 2015.
- [10] Rakhyani, A.K.R., Mirabbasi, S. and Chiao, M., “Design and Optimization of Resonance-Based Efficient Wireless Power Delivery Systems for Biomedical Implants”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Vol.5, No.1, 48-63, 2011.
- [11] Cha, H.K., Park, W.T. and Je, M., “A CMOS Rectifier With a Cross-Coupled Latched Comparator for Wireless Power Transfer in Biomedical Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - II: Express Briefs, Vol.59, No.7, 409-413, 2012.
- [12] Joun, G.B. and Cho, B.H., “An energy transmission system for an artificial heart using leakage inductance compensation of transcutaneous transformer”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.13, No.6, 1013–1022, 1998.
- [13] Chen, Q., Wong, S.C., Tse, C.K. and Ruan, X., “Analysis, design, and control of a transcutaneous power regulator for artificial hearts,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., Vol.3, No.1, 23-31, 2009.
- [14] Li, X., Zhang, H., Peng, F., Li, Y., Yang, T., Wang, B. and Fang, D., “A Wireless Magnetic Resonance Energy Transfer System for Micro Implantable Medical Sensors” Sensors (Basel), Vol.12, No.8, 10292-10308, 2012.
- [15] Xiao, C.Y., Wei, K.Z., Liu, F., and Ma, Y.X., “Matching capacitance and transfer efficiency of four wireless power transfer systems via magnetic coupling resonance,” Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl., Vol.45, No.6, 811–831, 2017.
- [16] Zhou, W. and Ma, H., “Design considerations of compensation topologies in ICPT system”, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2007, 985–990.
- [17] Joy, E.R., Kushwaha, B.K.; Rituraj, G. and Kumar, P., “Analysis and Comparison of Four Compensation Topologies of Contactless Power Transfer System”, 4th International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), 2015, 1-6.
- [18] Qu, X.H., Han, H., Wong, S.C., Tse, C.K. and Chen, W. “Hybrid IPT topologies with constant-current or constant-voltage output for battery charging applications”, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol.30, No.11, 6329–6337, 2015.
- [19] Hou, J., Chen, Q., Wong, S.C., Tse, C.K. and Ruan, X., “Analysis and Control of Series/Series-Parallel Compensated Resonant Converter for Contactless Power Transfer”, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol.3, No.1, 124-136, 2015.
- [20] Li, S., Li, W., Deng, J., Nguyen, T.D. and Mi, C.C., “A double-sided LCC compensation network and its tuning method for wireless power transfer,” IEEE Trans. on Veh. Technol., Vol.64, No.6, 2261–2273, 2014.
- [21] Vu, V.B., Tran, D.H. and Choi, W., “Implementation of the Constant Current and Constant Voltage Charge of Inductive Power Transfer Systems With the Double-Sided LCC Compensation Topology for Electric Vehicle Battery Charge Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.33, No.9, 7398-7410, 2018.
- [22] Xiao, C., Cheng, D. and Wei, K., “An LCC-C Compensated Wireless Charging System for Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers: Theory, Experiment, and Safety Evaluation”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.33, No.6, 4894-4905, 2018.
- [23] Wang, Y., Yao, Y., Liu, X., Xu, D., Cai, L., “LC/S Compensation Topology and Coil Design Technique for Wireless Power Transfer”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.33, No.3, 2007-2024, 2018.
- [24] International Commissionon Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz),” Health Phys., vol. 74, no. 4, 494–522, 1998.
- [25] IEEE Standard for Safety With Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, IEEE Standard C95.1, 2005.