DEVELOPMENT OF APPLE TISSUE AND ACID TREATED MULTI WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE BASED AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSOR FOR PHENOL DETECTION

Abstract

The fabrication of acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (fMWCNT) combined apple tissue based amperometric biosensor through a cross-linking agent-free approach has been presented for the phenol detection in this study. Apple tissue entrapped in fMWCNT-glassy carbon paste composite was employed as the natural polyphenol oxidase source for the enzymatic oxidation of phenol and the consumption of the dissolved oxygen was monitored via chronoamperometry as the biosensor response. The effect of experimental parameters (e.g. working potential, pH and tissue amount) were examined to obtain the optimum measurement conditions. Under optimized conditions, amperometric responses linearly increased in the range of 10-200 µM phenol and limit of detection was calculated as 3.26 µM (n=3). Apple tissue based biosensor was utilized for the phenol detection in tap water samples by serving satisfying recovery values.

Keywords

• Apple tissue
• polyphenol oxidase
• phenol
• amperometric biosensor
• multi-walled carbon nanotube

References

1. Oriero, D.A., Gyan, I.O., Bolshaw, B.W., Cheng, I.F., Aston, D.E., “Electrospun biocatalytic hybrid silica–PVA-tyrosinase fiber mats for electrochemical detection of phenols”, Microchemical Journal, 118, 166-175, 2015.
2. Ahmad, N.M., Abdullah, J., Yusof, N.A., Ab Rashid, A.H., Abd Rahman, S., Hasan, M., “Amperometric biosensor based on zirconium oxide/polyethylene glycol/tyrosinase composite film for the detection of phenolic compounds”, Biosensors, 6, 31, 2016.
3. Kaffash, A., Zare, H.R., Rostami, K., “Highly sensitive biosensing of phenol based on the adsorption of the phenol enzymatic oxidation product on the surface of an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode”, Analytical Methods, 10, 2731-2739, 2018.
4. Merkoçi, A., Anik, U., Çevik, S., Çubukçu, M., Guix, M., “Bismuth film combined with screen‐printed electrode as biosensing platform for phenol detection”, Electroanalysis, 22, 1429-1436, 2010.
5. Ören, T., Tepeli, Y., Anik, Ü., “Bismuth Nanoparticles Incorporated Centri-voltammetry for Phenol Detection”, Electroanalysis, 27, 2838-2844, 2015.
6. de Oliveira, D.P., Ribeiro, F.W., Becker, H., Lima-Neto, P., Correia, A.N., “Biossensor eletroquímico baseado na enzima tirosinase para a determinação de fenol em efluentes”, Química nova, 38, 924-931, 2015.
7. Rahimi‐Mohseni, M., Raoof, J.B., Aghajanzadeh, T.A., Ojani, R., “Rapid Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Water Samples: Development of a Paper‐based Nanobiosensor Modified with Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles and Potato Tissue”, Electroanalysis, 31, 2311-2318, 2019.
8. Wang, Y., Zhai, F. Hasebe, Y., Jia, H., Zhang, Z., “A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for phenol derivatives using a graphene oxide-modified tyrosinase electrode”, Bioelectrochemistry, 122, 174-182, 2018.

9. Wen, Y., Li, R., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Wang, P., Zhang, X., Zhou, B., Li, H., Wang, J., Li, Z., “Promotion effect of Zn on 2D bimetallic NiZn metal organic framework nanosheets for tyrosinase immobilization and ultrasensitive detection of phenol”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 1127, 131-139, 2020.
10. Sulak, M.T., Erhan, E., Keskinler, B., “Electrochemical phenol biosensor configurations based on nanobiocomposites”, Sensors and Materials, 24, 141-152, 2012.
11. Arslan, H., Şenarslan, D., Çevrimli, B., Zengin, H., Uzun, D., Arslan, F., “Preparation of carbon paste electrode containing polyaniline-activated carbon composite for amperometric detection of phenol”, Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 50, 16-20, 2018.
12. Ozcan, H.M., Sagiroglu, A., “A novel amperometric biosensor based on banana peel (Musa cavendish) tissue homogenate for determination of phenolic compounds”, Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology, 38, 208-214, 2010.
13. Singh, A.K., Verma, N., “4 Plants and plant-derived materials used for biosensor development”, Industrial Biotechnology: Plant Systems, Resources and Products, 73, 2019.
14. Raymundo-Pereira, P.A., Silva, T.A., Caetano, F.R., Riboviski, L., Zapp, E., Brondani, D., Bergamini, M.F., Junior, L.H.M., Banks, C.E., Oliveira Jr, O.N., Janegitz, B.C., Fatibello-Filho, O., “Polyphenol oxidase-based electrochemical biosensors: A review”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 1139, 198-221, 2020.
15. Zavar, M.H.A. Heydari, S., Rounaghi, G.H., “Electrochemical determination of salicylic acid at a new biosensor based on polypyrrole-banana tissue composite”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 38, 29-36, 2013.
16. Lupetti, K.O., Zanotto-Neto, G., Fatibello-Filho, O., “Sweet potato tissue-epoxy resin composite biosensor for hydroquinone determination in photographic process wastewater”, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 17, 1329-1333, 2006.
17. Narang, J., Chauhan, N., Singh, A., Pundir, C., “A nylon membrane based amperometric biosensor for polyphenol determination”, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 72, 276-281, 2011.
18. Rodrı́guez, M.C., Rivas, G.A., “Glassy carbon paste electrodes modified with polyphenol oxidase: analytical applications”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 459, 43-51, 2002.
19. Burton, S.G., “Biocatalysis with polyphenol oxidase: a review”, Catalysis Today, 22, 459-487, 1994.
20. Gul, I., Ahmad, M.S., Naqvi, S.S., Hussain, A., Wali, R., Farooqi, A.A., Ahmed, I., “Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) based biosensors for detection of phenolic compounds: a review”, Journal of Applied Biology&Biotechnology, 5, 72-85, 2017.
21. Çevik, S., Anik, Ü., “Banana tissue-nanoparticle /nanotube based glassy carbon paste electrode biosensors for catechol detection”, Sensor Letters, 8, 667-671, 2010.
22. Broli, N., Vallja, L., Shehu, A., Vasjari, M., “Determination of catechol in extract of tea using carbon paste electrode modified with banana tissue”, Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 43, e13838, 2019.
23. Fatibello-Filho, O., Lupetti, K.O., Vieira, I.C., “Chronoamperometric determination of paracetamol using an avocado tissue (Persea americana) biosensor”, Talanta, 55, 685-692, 2001.
24. Varol, T.Ö., Anik, Ü., “Fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube–metallic nanoparticle hybrid nanostructure based electrochemical platforms for sensitive and practical colchicine detection”, New Journal of Chemistry, 43, 13437-13446, 2019.
25. Mehmood, S., Naeem, A., Sabahat, S., Ciancio, R., Carlino, E., Bhopal, M., Bhatti, A., “Modified structural and optical characteristics of Au-NPs–MWCNTs nanohybrids”, Superlattices and Microstructures, 81, 248-264, 2015.
26. Chen, Y., Tan, T., “Dopamine sensing and selectivity of Nafion-coated plant tissue powder sensors”, Talanta, 42, 1181-1188, 1995.
27. Cummings, E., Mailley, P., Linquette-Mailley, S., Eggins, B., McAdams, E., McFadden, S., “Amperometric carbon paste biosensor based on plant tissue for the determination of total flavanol content in beers”, Analyst, 123, 1975-1980, 1998.
28. Anik, Ü., Cubukcu, M., “Examination of the electroanalytic performance of carbon nanotube (CNT) modified carbon paste electrodes as xanthine biosensor transducers”, Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 32, 711-719, 2008.
29. Vasjari, M., Parroj, N., “Phenolic biosensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with crude tissue”, University of Tirana, Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2012.
30. Guix, M., Pérez-López, B., Sahin, M., Roldán, M., Ambrosi, A., Merkoçi, A., “Structural characterization by confocal laser scanning microscopy and electrochemical study of multi-walled carbon nanotube tyrosinase matrix for phenol detection”, Analyst, 135, 1918-1925, 2010.
31. Coroş, M., Pogăcean, F., Măgeruşan, L., Roşu, M.-C., Porav, A.S., Socaci, C., Bende, A., Stefan-van Staden, R.-I., Pruneanu, S., “Graphene-porphyrin composite synthesis through graphite exfoliation: The electrochemical sensing of catechol”, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical,, 256, 665-673, 2018.
32. Eletta, O.A.A., Tijani, I.O., Ighalo, J.O. “Adsorption of Pb(II) and phenol from wastewater using silver nitrate modified activated carbon from groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) shells”, The West Indian Journal of Engineering, 43, 26-35, 2020.