IMPORTANCE OF SOME METALLOIDS IN BIOLOGICAL LIFE

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 236 - 241, 19.12.2018

Merve Sezer Esra Dibek Bekir Çöl

https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.466007

Abstract

Metalloids have vital
importance for some organisms. The particular relationship between the
metalloid and specific biological functions should be investigated further,
though there are somewhat limited scientific studies on the subject. Among the
roles of this specific class of chemical elements, silicon, for instance, plays
an important role in the formation of valve structures in diatoms. Boron is an
essential element for plants and known to be toxic for living cells when
present above a certain threshold. Arsenic and antimony are toxic metalloid
elements in numerous respects. Therefore, the cells have developed biochemical
and molecular strategies to protect and escape from these metalloids. Another
metalloid, germanium, is one of the rare elements and although its inorganic
form is toxic, its organic form is used to treat many diseases. Studies have
shown that there is a high proportion of Germanium metalloid in the structure
of Ganoderma lucidum used in the treatment of some diseases. In addition,
tellurium-containing proteins were found in the structure of some
tellurium-resistant fungi. Thus, considering all this information collectively reflects
the significance of the metalloids in biological life. The aim of this study is
to present the importance and roles of some metalloids in biological life.

Keywords

Metalloid, Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Germanium

BİYOLOJİK YAŞAMDA BAZI METALLOİDLERİN ÖNEMİ

Abstract

Metalloidlerin bazı
organizmalar için hayati öneme sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Metalloidlerin
biyolojik fonksiyonlar ile arasındaki ilişkilerin bilinmesi önem arz etmekte
olup, nispeten az olmakla birlikte bu konuda bilimsel çalışmalar vardır ve
çalışmaların artması gerekmektedir. Örneğin; Silikon, diyatomlardaki valf
yapılarının oluşumunda önemli bir rol oynar. Bor, bitkiler için vazgeçilmez bir
elementtir. Öte yandan, belirli bir eşiğin üzerinde mevcut olduğunda canlı
hücreler için toksik olduğu bilinmektedir. Bir diğer örnek, arsenik ve antimon
birçok yönden toksik metalloid elementlerdir. Bu nedenle, hücreler
metaloitlerden korunmak ve kaçmak için biyokimyasal ve moleküler stratejiler
geliştirmektedirler. Bir diğer metalloid olan germanyum nadir bulunan
elementlerden olup, inorganik formu toksik olmasına karşılık organik formu birçok
hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar, bazı hastalıkların
tedavisinde kullanılan Ganoderma lucidum’un yapısında yüksek oranda Germanyum
metalloidinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bazı telluryuma dirençli
mantarların yapısında telluryum içeren proteinlere rastlanmıştır. Bu bilgiler
göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, metaloidlerin biyolojik yaşamda önemli yerleri
olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, bazı metalloidlerin
biyolojik yaşamdaki önem ve rollerini derleyerek sunmaktır.

Keywords

Metalloid, Bor, Silikon, Arsenik, Antimoni, Telluryum, Germanyum

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