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THE EFFECT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON EMOTIONS AND BEHAVIORS

Year 2024, , 1 - 19, 27.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1439507

Abstract

Studies indicating that socioeconomic status (SES) differences concentrate on different emotions and behaviors have been increasing rapidly throughout recent years. It is stated that some emotions and behaviors of individuals with low and high SES are closely related to their status. Certain emotions and behaviors are experienced more or less by people due to differences in SES. These differences in emotions
and behaviors that occur due to SES differences can be balanced with various policies. The purpose of this research is to reveal the differences in emotion and behavior that occur due to SES differences. At the same time, policies will be proposed to eliminate the imbalance in people’s emotional and behavioral experiences due to SES differences. Firstly, the positive emotions experienced by individuals with low and high SES, as well as the extent to which they lead to behaviors based on oneself and others, are to be examined through
experiments in the literature in the study. Secondly, the relationships between altruistic behavior, which is under the umbrella of prosocial behavior, as well as narcissistic personality traits, in which egocentrism becomes central, and low and high SES are to be explained and compared with the results of experiments and surveys in the literature. Consequently, the relationship of high and low SES with unethical behaviors is to be analyzed with various experimental findings in the literature. In this regard, the study would contribute to future research studies to better comprehend the individuals’ feelings to mitigate inequality and implement policies in such a manner.

References

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  • Andreoni, J., & Bernheim, B. D. (2009). Social image and the 50-50 norm: a theoretical and experimental analysis of audience effects. Econometrica, 77(5), 1607-1636. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA7384
  • Andreoni, J., Nikiforakis, N., & Stoop, J. (2021). Higher socioeconomic status does not predict decreased prosocial behavior in a field experiment. Nature communications, 12(1), 4266. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24519-5
  • Ariely, D., & Mann, H. (2013). A bird's eye view of unethical behavior: Commentary on Trautmann et al. (2013). Perspective on Psychological Science, 8(5), 498-500. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613498907
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  • Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2011). Poor economics: A radical rethinking of the way to fight global poverty, New York: PublicAffairs.
  • Carlo, G., Eisenberg, N., Troyer, D., Switzer, G., & Speer. A. L. (1991). The altruistic personality: In what contexts is it apparent?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), 450–458.
  • Chapman, B. P., Fiscella, K., Kawachi, I., & Duberstein, P. R. (2010). Personality, socioeconomic status, and all-cause mortality in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 171(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp323
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  • Diener, E., Ng, W., Harter, J., & Arora, R. (2010). Wealth and happiness across the world: Material prosperity predicts life evaluation, whereas psychosocial prosperity predicts positive feeling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018066
  • Dubois, D., Rucker, D. D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015). Social class, power, and selfishness: When and why upper and lower class individuals behave unethically. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(3), 436–449. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000008
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  • Gardner, J., & Oswald, A. (2001). Does money buy happiness? A longitudinal study using data on windfalls. Warwick University Paper, 1-32.
  • James, R. N., & Sharpe, D. L. (2007). The nature and causes of the u-shaped charitable giving profile. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 36(2), 218-238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764006295993
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision making under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1914185
  • Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(38), 16489–16493. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011492107
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  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2022). Beklenen fayda ve deneyimlenen fayda: Gelir artışı üzerine bir araştırma. 2. Bs. Bursa: Ekin Yay.
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2020). Will we be happier in the future? Research on the effect of Covid-19 on income and life satisfaction of the US citizens. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19, Covid-19 Special Issue, 541-553. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.787948
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2019). Davranışsal iktisat. London: IJOPEC Publication.
  • Killingsworth M. A. (2021). Experienced well-being rises with income, even above $75,000 per year. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(4), e2016976118. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.2016976118
  • Killingsworth, M. A., Kahneman, D., & Mellers, B. (2023). Income and emotional well-being: A conflict resolved. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(10), e2208661120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208661120
  • Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2011). Social class as culture: The convergence of resources and rank in the social realm. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 246–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414654
  • Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2009). Social class, sense of control, and social explanation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 97(6), 992–1004. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016357
  • Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., Mendoza-Denton, R., Rheinschmidt, M. L., & Keltner, D. (2012). Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: How the rich are different from the poor. Psychological review, 119(3), 546–572. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028756
  • Kushlev, K., Dunn, E. W., & Lucas, R. E. (2015). Higher income is associated with less daily sadness but not more daily happiness. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(5), 483–489. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614568161
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  • Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E., & Zhao, J. (2013). Poverty impedes cognitive function. Science, 341(6149), 976–980. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1238041
  • Manstead A. S. R. (2018). The psychology of social class: How socioeconomic status impacts thought, feelings, and behaviour. The British journal of social psychology, 57(2), 267–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12251
  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
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SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ

Year 2024, , 1 - 19, 27.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1439507

Abstract

Sosyoekonomik statü (SES) farklılığının farklı duygu ve davranışlar üzerine yoğunlaştığını belirten çalışmalar son yıllarda hızla artmaktadır. Düşük ve yüksek SES’e sahip bireylerin bazı duygu ve davranışlarının statüleriyle yakından ilişkili olduğu belirtilmektir. SES’teki farklılık nedeniyle belli duygu ve davranışlar insanlar tarafından daha az veya daha çok deneyimlenmektedir. SES farkı nedeniyle oluşan bu
duygu ve davranış farklılıkları çeşitli politikalarla dengelenebilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı; SES farkı nedeniyle oluşan duygu ve davranış farklılıklarını ortaya çıkarmak ve SES farkı nedeniyle insanların duygu ve davranış deneyimlerindeki dengesizliği gidermek için teşvik edici politikalar önermektir. Çalışmada ilk olarak, düşük ve yüksek SES’e sahip bireylerin deneyimledikleri olumlu duygular ve bunların kendilerine ve başkalarına odaklı davranışlara yol açması literatürdeki deneyler yoluyla incelenecektir. İkinci olarak, yardımseverlik şemsiyesi altındaki bir davranış olan alturistik davranış ve benmerkezciliğin merkezde olduğu narsisistik kişilik özelliklerinin düşük ve yüksek SES ile ilişkisi literatürdeki deneyler ve anket sonuçlarıyla açıklanıp karşılaştırılacaktır. Son olarak, yüksek ve düşük SES’in etik olmayan davranışlarla ilişkisi literatürdeki çeşitli deney bulgularıyla analiz edilecektir. Çalışma bu yönüyle eşitsizliğin azaltılması için bireylerin duygularını daha iyi anlamaya ve bu yönde politikalar yapılabilmesi için gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalara katkı sağlayacaktır.

References

  • Angner E. (2019). We’re all behavioral economists now. Journal of Economic Methodology, 26(3), 195–207.
  • Akcigit, U., Grigsby, J., & Nicholas, T. (2017). The rise of American ingenuity: innovation and inventors of the golden age, NBER Working Papers 23047, National Bureau of Economic Research Inc.
  • Andersen S. M., & Chen, S. (2002). The relational self: An interpersonal social-cognitive theory. Psychological Review, 109(4), 619-45. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.4.619
  • Andreoni, J. (2001). The economics of philanthropy. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (pp. 11369–11376). Oxford, England: Elsevier.
  • Andreoni, J., & Bernheim, B. D. (2009). Social image and the 50-50 norm: a theoretical and experimental analysis of audience effects. Econometrica, 77(5), 1607-1636. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA7384
  • Andreoni, J., Nikiforakis, N., & Stoop, J. (2021). Higher socioeconomic status does not predict decreased prosocial behavior in a field experiment. Nature communications, 12(1), 4266. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24519-5
  • Ariely, D., & Mann, H. (2013). A bird's eye view of unethical behavior: Commentary on Trautmann et al. (2013). Perspective on Psychological Science, 8(5), 498-500. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613498907
  • Balakrishnan, A., Palma, P. A., Patenaude, J., & Campbell, L. (2017). A 4-study replication of the moderating effects of greed on socioeconomic status and unethical behaviour. Scientific data, 4, 160120. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.120
  • Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2011). Poor economics: A radical rethinking of the way to fight global poverty, New York: PublicAffairs.
  • Carlo, G., Eisenberg, N., Troyer, D., Switzer, G., & Speer. A. L. (1991). The altruistic personality: In what contexts is it apparent?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), 450–458.
  • Chapman, B. P., Fiscella, K., Kawachi, I., & Duberstein, P. R. (2010). Personality, socioeconomic status, and all-cause mortality in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 171(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp323
  • Clark, A. E., & Senik, C. (2011). Is happiness different from flourishing? Cross-country evidence from the ESS. Revue D'économie Politique, 121(1), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.3917/redp.211.0017
  • Clerke, A. S., Brown, M., Forchuk, C., & Campbell, L. (2018). Association between social class, greed, and unethical behaviour: A replication study. Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.166
  • Côté, S., Stellar, J. E., Willer, R., Forbes, R. C., Martin, S. R., & Bianchi, E. C. (2021). The psychology of entrenched privilege: High socioeconomic status individuals from affluent backgrounds are uniquely high in entitlement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(1), 70-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220916633
  • Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2000). Money and happiness: Income and subjective well-being across nations. In E. Diener & E. M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and Subjective Well-being (pp. 185–218). Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Diener, E., Ng, W., Harter, J., & Arora, R. (2010). Wealth and happiness across the world: Material prosperity predicts life evaluation, whereas psychosocial prosperity predicts positive feeling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018066
  • Dubois, D., Rucker, D. D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015). Social class, power, and selfishness: When and why upper and lower class individuals behave unethically. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(3), 436–449. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000008
  • Easterlin, R. (1974). Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence. In Paul A. David & Melvin W. Reder (Eds.), Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz (pp. 89-125). New York: Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-205050-3.50008-7
  • Falk, A., Kosse, F., Pinger, P., Schildberg-Hörisch, H., & Deckers, T. (2021). Socioeconomic status and inequalities in children’s IQ and economic preferences. Journal of Political Economy, 129(9), 2504-2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/714992
  • Forsythe, R., Horowitz, J. L., Savin, N. E., & Sefton, M. (1994). Fairness in simple bargaining experiments. Games and Economic Behavior, 6(3), 347-369. https://doi.org/10.1006/game.1994.1021
  • Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003). Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role?. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 10-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10
  • Gardner, J., & Oswald, A. (2001). Does money buy happiness? A longitudinal study using data on windfalls. Warwick University Paper, 1-32.
  • James, R. N., & Sharpe, D. L. (2007). The nature and causes of the u-shaped charitable giving profile. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 36(2), 218-238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764006295993
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision making under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1914185
  • Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(38), 16489–16493. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011492107
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2023). Mutluluk iktisadında Easterlin’e karşı Veenhoven: İktisadi büyüme mutluluğu artırır mı?. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 691-720. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR1170876
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2022). Beklenen fayda ve deneyimlenen fayda: Gelir artışı üzerine bir araştırma. 2. Bs. Bursa: Ekin Yay.
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2020). Will we be happier in the future? Research on the effect of Covid-19 on income and life satisfaction of the US citizens. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19, Covid-19 Special Issue, 541-553. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.787948
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2019). Davranışsal iktisat. London: IJOPEC Publication.
  • Killingsworth M. A. (2021). Experienced well-being rises with income, even above $75,000 per year. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(4), e2016976118. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.2016976118
  • Killingsworth, M. A., Kahneman, D., & Mellers, B. (2023). Income and emotional well-being: A conflict resolved. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(10), e2208661120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208661120
  • Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2011). Social class as culture: The convergence of resources and rank in the social realm. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 246–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414654
  • Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2009). Social class, sense of control, and social explanation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 97(6), 992–1004. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016357
  • Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., Mendoza-Denton, R., Rheinschmidt, M. L., & Keltner, D. (2012). Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: How the rich are different from the poor. Psychological review, 119(3), 546–572. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028756
  • Kushlev, K., Dunn, E. W., & Lucas, R. E. (2015). Higher income is associated with less daily sadness but not more daily happiness. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(5), 483–489. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614568161
  • Loewenstein, G. (2000). Emotions in economic theory and economic behavior. The American Economic Review, 90(2), 426–432. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.2.426
  • Loewenstein, G., O'Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (2003). Projection bias in predicting future utility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1209-1248. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552784
  • Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E., & Zhao, J. (2013). Poverty impedes cognitive function. Science, 341(6149), 976–980. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1238041
  • Manstead A. S. R. (2018). The psychology of social class: How socioeconomic status impacts thought, feelings, and behaviour. The British journal of social psychology, 57(2), 267–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12251
  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
  • Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2013). Scarcity: Why having too little means so much. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Behavioural Economy
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Hatime Kamilçelebi 0000-0002-1028-7135

Early Pub Date February 19, 2024
Publication Date June 27, 2024
Submission Date March 9, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Kamilçelebi, H. (2024). SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 46(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1439507
AMA Kamilçelebi H. SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. June 2024;46(1):1-19. doi:10.14780/muiibd.1439507
Chicago Kamilçelebi, Hatime. “SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 46, no. 1 (June 2024): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1439507.
EndNote Kamilçelebi H (June 1, 2024) SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 46 1 1–19.
IEEE H. Kamilçelebi, “SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ”, Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 2024, doi: 10.14780/muiibd.1439507.
ISNAD Kamilçelebi, Hatime. “SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 46/1 (June 2024), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1439507.
JAMA Kamilçelebi H. SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2024;46:1–19.
MLA Kamilçelebi, Hatime. “SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 46, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1-19, doi:10.14780/muiibd.1439507.
Vancouver Kamilçelebi H. SOSYOEKONOMİK STATÜNÜN DUYGU VE DAVRANIŞLARA ETKİSİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2024;46(1):1-19.