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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ NORMATİF BİR GÜÇ MÜDÜR? AVRO BÖLGESİ KRİZİNİN ARDINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2014, Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 327 - 348, 16.03.2015
https://doi.org/10.14780/iibd.55534

Abstract

Bu makale Avrupa Birliği’nin uluslararası sistemde bir ‘normatif güç’ olarak
konumlandığı iddiasını Avro Bölgesi krizi bağlamında yeniden değerlendirmektedir.
Bu amaçla çalışmada, krizdeki Avro Bölgesi üyelerine yönelik olarak AB ve IMF tarafından
yürütülen finansal yardım ve kurtarma programları sistematik olarak, eleştirel
biçimde incelenmektedir. Makalede, Avro krizinin ardından gerçekleştirilen reformlarla
birlikte AB’de neoliberalizmin yeni bir aşamaya taşındığı ve daha gelişmiş gözetim, yaptırım ve baskı mekanizmalarıyla donatıldığı savunulmaktadır. Neoliberal
reform ve kemer sıkma politikalarıyla geçen beş yıl AB’yi, demokratik hesap verebilirlik,
dayanışma ve müzakereci demokrasi konularında ciddi sorunlarla karşı karşıya
bırakmıştır. Bu gelişmeler AB’nin uluslararası sistemde kendi norm, değer ve prensiplerini
yaymaya muktedir bir ‘normatif güç’ veya ‘norm koyucu’ aktör olduğu iddiasını
bugün her zamankinden daha da tartışmalı hale getirmiştir.

References

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  • DIEZ, Thomas and MANNERS, Ian, “Reflecting on Normative Power Europe”, in F. Berenskoetter, & M. J. Williams (Eds.), Power in World Politics, New York, Routledge, 2007, pp. 173-188.
  • ERIKSEN, Erik O., “The EU- a cosmopolitan polity?”, Journal of European Public Policy, 13(2), 2006, pp. 252-269.
  • EUROGROUP, “Eurogroup response to the questionnaire of the European Parliament on the troika”, 2014 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/ cont/201401/20140114ATT77339/20140114ATT77339EN.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK, “ECB response to the questionnaire of the European Parliament on the troika”, 2014. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/140110_ecb_response_troika_questionnaireen.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION, “European Commission response to the questionnaire of the European Parliament on the troika”, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201401/20140114ATT77315/20140114ATT77315EN. pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN COUNCIL, “European Council response to the questionnaire of the European Parliament on the troika (Herman Van Rompuy Letter)”, 2013, http:// www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201401/20140114ATT77309/20140114ATT77309EN.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, “Questionnaire supporting the own initiative report evaluating the structure, the role and operations of the ‘troika’ (Commission,
  • ECB and the IMF) actions in euro area programme countries”, 2013, http:// www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201401/20140114ATT77313/20140114ATT77313EN.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, “Report on the enquiry on the role and operations of the Troika (ECB, Commission and IMF) with regard to the euro area programme countries”, Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, 2014, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A7-2014-0149+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN, Accessed (18.06.2014)
  • ETUC, “The Functioning of the Troika: A Report from the ETUC”, European Trade Union Confederation, Brussels, 2014, http://www.etuc.org/sites/www.etuc. org/files/press-release/files/the_functioning_of_the_troika_finaledit2.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014)
  • GILL, Stephen, ‘‘Globalization, Market Civilization, and Disciplinary Neoliberalism’’, Millennium-Journal of International Studies, 24(3), 1995, pp. 399- 423.
  • GILL, Stephen, “European governance and new constitutionalism: Economic and Monetary Union and alternatives to disciplinary Neoliberalism in Europe”, New Political Economy, 3(1), 1998, pp. 5-26.
  • GILL, Stephen, “Constitutionalizing Inequality and the Clash of Globalizations”, International Studies Review, 4(2), 2002, pp. 47-65.
  • ILO, “365th Report of the Committee on Freedom of Association-Case No. 2820”, International Labour Office, Geneva, 2012, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/ wcms_193260.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • KATSAROUMPAS, Ioannis, “EU Bailout Conditionality as a De Facto Mode of Government: A Neoliberal ‘Black Hole’ for the Greek Collective Labour Law System?”, Labour Law Research Conference, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 13-15 June 2013, http://www.upf.edu/gredtiss/_pdf/2013-LLRNConf_Katsaroumpas.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • KHAN, Mohsin S., and SHARMA, Sunil. “IMF Conditionality and Country Ownership of Programs”, IMF Working Paper No. 01/142, IMF Institute, 2001.
  • MANNERS, Ian, “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?”, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 2002, pp. 235-258.
  • MANNERS, Ian, “The European Union as a Normative Power: A Response to Thomas Diez”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 35(1), 2006, pp. 167-180.
  • MANNERS, Ian, “The normative ethics of the European Union”, International Affairs, 84(1), 2008, pp. 45-60.
  • MANNERS, Ian, “The EU’s Normative Power in Changing World Politics”, in André Gerrits (Ed.), Normative Power Europe in a Changing World: A Discussion, Hague, Netherlands Institute of International Relations, 2009, pp. 9-24.
  • NICOLAIDIS, Kalypso and NICOLAIDIS, Dimitri, “The EuroMed beyond Civilisational Paradigms”, in Emanuıel Adler, Federica Bicchi, Beverly Crawford and Raffaelle Del Sarto (Eds.), The Convergence of Civilisations: Constructing a Mediterranean Region, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2006, pp. 337-377.
  • OVERBEEK, Henk, “Sovereign Debt Crisis in Euroland: Root Causes and Implications for European Integration”, International Spectator, 47(1), 2012, pp. 30-48.
  • PHILLIPS, Leigh, “Future Greek governments must be bound to austerity strategy”, EUobserver, 21 November 2011, https://euobserver.com/economic/114344, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • PISANI-FERRY, Jean, SAPIR , André and WOLFF, Guntram B. “EU-IMF assistance to euro-area countries: an early assessment”, Bruegel Blueprint Series, No.19, 2013.
  • PUETTER, Uwe, “Europe’s deliberative intergovernmentalism: the role of the Council and European Council in EU economic governance”, Journal of European Public Policy, 19(2), 2012, pp. 161-178.
  • RODRIK, Dani, “Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion? A Review of the World Bank’s Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform”, Journal of Economic Literature, 44(4), 2006, pp. 973- 987.
  • SAPIR, André, WOLFF, Guntram B., DE SOUSA, Carlos and TERZI, Alessio, “The Troika and financial assistance in the euro area: successes and failures”, European Parliament, Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee Study, PE 497.764, February 2014.
  • SCHIMMELFENNIG, Frank, “European Integration in the Euro Crisis: The Limits of Postfunctionalism”, Journal of European Integration, 36(3), 2014, pp. 321-337.
  • SCHIMMELFENNIG, Frank and SEDELMEIER, Ulrich, “Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public Policy, 11(4), 2004, pp. 661-679.
  • SJURSEN, Helene, “The EU as a ‘normative’ power: how can this be?”, Journal of European Public Policy, 13(2), 2006, pp. 235-251.
  • TEKİN, Beyza Ç., “Rethinking the Post-National EU in Times of Austerity and Crisis”, Mediterranean Politics, 19(1), 2014, pp. 21-39.
  • Treaty establishing the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), 2012, http://www.eurozone.europa.eu/media/migrated/596968/treaty_establishing_the_esm_2012_ final.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014)
  • TSOUKALA, Philomila, “Narratives of the European Crisis and the Future of (Social) Europe”,Texas International Law Journal, 48(2), 2013, pp. 241-266.
  • WILLIAMSON, John, “What Washington Means by Policy Reform,” in J. Williamson (Ed.), Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?, Washington, Institute for International Economics, 1990, pp. 5-38.
  • WILLIAMSON, John, “Democracy and the ‘Washington Consensus’”, World Development, 21(8), 1993, pp. 1329-1336.
  • WHITMAN, Richard G., “The neo-normative turn in theorising the EU’s international presence”, Cooperation and Conflict, 48(2), 2013, pp. 171-193.

IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS

Year 2014, Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 327 - 348, 16.03.2015
https://doi.org/10.14780/iibd.55534

Abstract

This article examines the relevance of the Normative Power EU hypothesis by taking the EU’s responses in the face of the Eurozone crisis as an empirical case, a litmus test for the EU’s normativity claims. Based on a critical, systematic investigation of the EU/IMF financial assistance programmes provided to crisis-hit members, this study argues that neoliberalism embedded in the EU has reached a new stage and has become equipped with very elaborate surveillance and coercion mechanisms. After a five year long disappointing history of neoliberal austerity, serious questions of democratic accountability, solidarity, and deliberative democracy have been raised. Today, the EU is not convincing in its claim to challenge deregulated globalisation and the Normative Power EU argument seems more and more contested than ever

References

  • DE ZUTTER, Elisabeth, “Normative power spotting: an ontological and methodological appraisal”, Journal of European Public Policy, 17(8), 2010, pp. 1106- 1127.
  • DIEZ, Thomas and MANNERS, Ian, “Reflecting on Normative Power Europe”, in F. Berenskoetter, & M. J. Williams (Eds.), Power in World Politics, New York, Routledge, 2007, pp. 173-188.
  • ERIKSEN, Erik O., “The EU- a cosmopolitan polity?”, Journal of European Public Policy, 13(2), 2006, pp. 252-269.
  • EUROGROUP, “Eurogroup response to the questionnaire of the European Parliament on the troika”, 2014 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/ cont/201401/20140114ATT77339/20140114ATT77339EN.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK, “ECB response to the questionnaire of the European Parliament on the troika”, 2014. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/140110_ecb_response_troika_questionnaireen.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION, “European Commission response to the questionnaire of the European Parliament on the troika”, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201401/20140114ATT77315/20140114ATT77315EN. pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN COUNCIL, “European Council response to the questionnaire of the European Parliament on the troika (Herman Van Rompuy Letter)”, 2013, http:// www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201401/20140114ATT77309/20140114ATT77309EN.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, “Questionnaire supporting the own initiative report evaluating the structure, the role and operations of the ‘troika’ (Commission,
  • ECB and the IMF) actions in euro area programme countries”, 2013, http:// www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201401/20140114ATT77313/20140114ATT77313EN.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, “Report on the enquiry on the role and operations of the Troika (ECB, Commission and IMF) with regard to the euro area programme countries”, Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, 2014, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A7-2014-0149+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN, Accessed (18.06.2014)
  • ETUC, “The Functioning of the Troika: A Report from the ETUC”, European Trade Union Confederation, Brussels, 2014, http://www.etuc.org/sites/www.etuc. org/files/press-release/files/the_functioning_of_the_troika_finaledit2.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014)
  • GILL, Stephen, ‘‘Globalization, Market Civilization, and Disciplinary Neoliberalism’’, Millennium-Journal of International Studies, 24(3), 1995, pp. 399- 423.
  • GILL, Stephen, “European governance and new constitutionalism: Economic and Monetary Union and alternatives to disciplinary Neoliberalism in Europe”, New Political Economy, 3(1), 1998, pp. 5-26.
  • GILL, Stephen, “Constitutionalizing Inequality and the Clash of Globalizations”, International Studies Review, 4(2), 2002, pp. 47-65.
  • ILO, “365th Report of the Committee on Freedom of Association-Case No. 2820”, International Labour Office, Geneva, 2012, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/ wcms_193260.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • KATSAROUMPAS, Ioannis, “EU Bailout Conditionality as a De Facto Mode of Government: A Neoliberal ‘Black Hole’ for the Greek Collective Labour Law System?”, Labour Law Research Conference, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 13-15 June 2013, http://www.upf.edu/gredtiss/_pdf/2013-LLRNConf_Katsaroumpas.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • KHAN, Mohsin S., and SHARMA, Sunil. “IMF Conditionality and Country Ownership of Programs”, IMF Working Paper No. 01/142, IMF Institute, 2001.
  • MANNERS, Ian, “Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?”, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 2002, pp. 235-258.
  • MANNERS, Ian, “The European Union as a Normative Power: A Response to Thomas Diez”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 35(1), 2006, pp. 167-180.
  • MANNERS, Ian, “The normative ethics of the European Union”, International Affairs, 84(1), 2008, pp. 45-60.
  • MANNERS, Ian, “The EU’s Normative Power in Changing World Politics”, in André Gerrits (Ed.), Normative Power Europe in a Changing World: A Discussion, Hague, Netherlands Institute of International Relations, 2009, pp. 9-24.
  • NICOLAIDIS, Kalypso and NICOLAIDIS, Dimitri, “The EuroMed beyond Civilisational Paradigms”, in Emanuıel Adler, Federica Bicchi, Beverly Crawford and Raffaelle Del Sarto (Eds.), The Convergence of Civilisations: Constructing a Mediterranean Region, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2006, pp. 337-377.
  • OVERBEEK, Henk, “Sovereign Debt Crisis in Euroland: Root Causes and Implications for European Integration”, International Spectator, 47(1), 2012, pp. 30-48.
  • PHILLIPS, Leigh, “Future Greek governments must be bound to austerity strategy”, EUobserver, 21 November 2011, https://euobserver.com/economic/114344, Accessed (18.06.2014).
  • PISANI-FERRY, Jean, SAPIR , André and WOLFF, Guntram B. “EU-IMF assistance to euro-area countries: an early assessment”, Bruegel Blueprint Series, No.19, 2013.
  • PUETTER, Uwe, “Europe’s deliberative intergovernmentalism: the role of the Council and European Council in EU economic governance”, Journal of European Public Policy, 19(2), 2012, pp. 161-178.
  • RODRIK, Dani, “Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion? A Review of the World Bank’s Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform”, Journal of Economic Literature, 44(4), 2006, pp. 973- 987.
  • SAPIR, André, WOLFF, Guntram B., DE SOUSA, Carlos and TERZI, Alessio, “The Troika and financial assistance in the euro area: successes and failures”, European Parliament, Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee Study, PE 497.764, February 2014.
  • SCHIMMELFENNIG, Frank, “European Integration in the Euro Crisis: The Limits of Postfunctionalism”, Journal of European Integration, 36(3), 2014, pp. 321-337.
  • SCHIMMELFENNIG, Frank and SEDELMEIER, Ulrich, “Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public Policy, 11(4), 2004, pp. 661-679.
  • SJURSEN, Helene, “The EU as a ‘normative’ power: how can this be?”, Journal of European Public Policy, 13(2), 2006, pp. 235-251.
  • TEKİN, Beyza Ç., “Rethinking the Post-National EU in Times of Austerity and Crisis”, Mediterranean Politics, 19(1), 2014, pp. 21-39.
  • Treaty establishing the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), 2012, http://www.eurozone.europa.eu/media/migrated/596968/treaty_establishing_the_esm_2012_ final.pdf, Accessed (18.06.2014)
  • TSOUKALA, Philomila, “Narratives of the European Crisis and the Future of (Social) Europe”,Texas International Law Journal, 48(2), 2013, pp. 241-266.
  • WILLIAMSON, John, “What Washington Means by Policy Reform,” in J. Williamson (Ed.), Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?, Washington, Institute for International Economics, 1990, pp. 5-38.
  • WILLIAMSON, John, “Democracy and the ‘Washington Consensus’”, World Development, 21(8), 1993, pp. 1329-1336.
  • WHITMAN, Richard G., “The neo-normative turn in theorising the EU’s international presence”, Cooperation and Conflict, 48(2), 2013, pp. 171-193.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Beyza Tekin This is me

Publication Date March 16, 2015
Submission Date March 16, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 36 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tekin, B. (2015). IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 36(2), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.14780/iibd.55534
AMA Tekin B. IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. March 2015;36(2):327-348. doi:10.14780/iibd.55534
Chicago Tekin, Beyza. “IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 36, no. 2 (March 2015): 327-48. https://doi.org/10.14780/iibd.55534.
EndNote Tekin B (March 1, 2015) IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 36 2 327–348.
IEEE B. Tekin, “IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS”, Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 327–348, 2015, doi: 10.14780/iibd.55534.
ISNAD Tekin, Beyza. “IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 36/2 (March 2015), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.14780/iibd.55534.
JAMA Tekin B. IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2015;36:327–348.
MLA Tekin, Beyza. “IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 36, no. 2, 2015, pp. 327-48, doi:10.14780/iibd.55534.
Vancouver Tekin B. IS THE EUROPEAN UNION A NORMATIVE POWER? A REAPPRAISAL FOLLOWING THE EUROZONE CRISIS. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2015;36(2):327-48.

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