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AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE'NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2025, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 360 - 380, 18.08.2025

Ceran Zeynep Zafir Bahçekapılı

https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1570321

Abstract

Bu çalışma, AB’nin Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizmasının (SKDM) birinci fazında uygulanacak karbon vergisinin Türkiye’nin karbon yoğun ihracat sektörleri üzerinde yaratacağı ek vergi maliyetlerini değerlendirmektedir. Çimento, demir-çelik, alüminyum ve gübre sektörlerindeki karbon vergisi maliyetleri, tahmini karbon tahsisat fiyatları, ihracat miktarları ve fiyatları üzerinden simüle edilmektedir. Sonuçlara göre bu sektörler bedelsiz ödeneklerin yıllık azaltımının başlayacağı 2026’dan 2034’e kadar toplamda 10 ile 21 milyar Euro arasında karbon vergisi yükünü taşımak zorunda kalabilir. Özellikle alüminyum ve çimento sektörleri, bu süreçte göreceli olarak en yüksek maliyet artışını yaşayacaktır. Bu durum, Türkiye’nin ihracat rekabetçiliğini koruyabilmesi için karbon emisyonlarını azaltıcı stratejiler geliştirmesini zorunlu hale getirmektedir. SKDM'nin uygulanması, Türkiye'nin enerji ve sanayi sektörlerinde daha temiz üretim tekniklerine geçiş yapmasını gerektirecektir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye'nin yeşil dönüşüm sürecinde SKDM’ye uyum sağlaması hem ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik hem de AB pazarında rekabet gücünü korumak açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir.

Keywords

SKDM Türkiye İhracatı AB Ticaret Karbon Fiyatlandırması Yeşil Dönüşüm Sürdürülebilir Üretim Karbon Emisyonları

References

  • Acar, S., Aşıcı, A. A., & Yeldan, A. E. (2022). Potential effects of the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism on the Turkish economy. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(6), 8162-8194.
  • Aşıcı, A. A. (2021). Avrupa Birliği’nin Sınırda Karbon Uyarlaması Mekanizması ve Türkiye Ekonomisi. İstanbul: IPM-Mercator.
  • Aşıcı, A. A. (2022). Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizması İşleyişi ve Riskli Ürün Analizi. Yeşil_İz Teknik Not.
  • Aydın, L. (2018). The possible macroeconomic and sectoral impacts of carbon taxation on Turkey’s economy: A computable general equilibrium analyses. Energy & environment, 29(5), 784-801.
  • Bellora, C., & Fontagné, L. (2022). EU in search of a WTO-compatible carbon border adjustment mechanism. Available at SSRN 4168049.
  • Brand, C., Coenen, G., Hutchinson, J., & Saint Guilhem, A. (2023). How will higher carbon prices affect growth and inflation. The ECB Blog. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2023/html/ecb.blog.230525~4a51965f26.en.html
  • Breckenfelder, J., Maćkowiak, B., Marques-Ibanez, D., Olovsson, C., Popov, A. A., Porcellacchia, D., & Schepens, G. (2023). The climate and the economy.
  • Carbone, J. C., & Smith, V. K. (2013). Valuing nature in a general equilibrium. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66(1), 72-89.
  • Chatfield, C. (1996). Model uncertainty and forecast accuracy. Journal of Forecasting, 15(7), 495-508.
  • Durant, I., Contreras, C., Hamwey, R., Mott, G., Nicita, A., Peters, R., Razo, C., Vivas, D., Chepeliev, M., & Corong, E. (2021). A European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Implications for developing countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
  • Eicke, L., Weko, S., Apergi, M., & Marian, A. (2021). Pulling up the carbon ladder? Decarbonization, dependence, and third-country risks from the European carbon border adjustment mechanism. Energy Research & Social Science, 80, 102240.
  • European Commission. (2016). The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Retrieved 25.03 from https://climate.ec.europa.eu/document/download/5dee0b48-a38f-4d10-bf1a-14d0c1d6febd_en?filename=factsheet_ets_en.pdf
  • European Commission. (2021). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Questions and Answers. Retrieved 22.03.2024 from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_21_3661
  • European Commission. (2023a). Default values for the transitional period: Taxation and Customs Union. Retrieved from https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-12/Default%20values%20transitional%20period.pdf
  • European Commission. (2023b). Regulation (EU) 2023/1773 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on [title of the regulation]. EUR-Lex. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R1773
  • European Commission. (2023c). Guidance Document On CBAM Implementation for Importers of Goods Into the EU. https://taxationcustoms.ec.europa.eu/document/download/bc15e68d-566d-4419-88ecb8f5c6823eb2_en?filename=Guidance%20document%20on%20CBAM%20implementation%20 for%20importers%20of%20goods%20into%20the%20EU.pdf
  • European Parliament. (2021, 10.03.2021). MEPs: Put a carbon price on certain EU imports to raise global climate ambition https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/pressroom/20210304IPR99208/meps-put-acarbon-price-on-certain-eu-imports-to-raise-global-climate-ambition
  • Fetting, C. (2020). The European green deal. ESDN report, 53.
  • Global Carbon Atlas. (2024). Carbon Emissions. Retrieved 3 Nisan 2024 from https://globalcarbonatlas.org/emissions/carbon-emissions/
  • Granger, C. W. J., & Newbold, P. (2014). Forecasting economic time series. Academic press.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (2020). Time series analysis. Princeton university press.
  • Koç, B. E., & Kaynak, S. (2023). Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizmasının Türkiye-AB-27 Dış Ticaret İlişkisi Üzerine Olası Etkisi. Verimlilik Dergisi, 57(2), 273-288.
  • Konradt, M., McGregor, T., & Toscani, M. F. G. (2024). Carbon prices and inflation in the euro area. International Monetary Fund.
  • Kuusi, T., Björklund, M., Kaitila, V., Kokko, K., Lehmus, M., Mechling, M., Oikarinen, T., Pohjola, J., Soimakallio, S., & Wang, M. (2020). Carbon border adjustment mechanisms and their economic impact on Finland and the EU.
  • Lim, B., Hong, K., Yoon, J., Chang, J.-I., & Cheong, I. (2021). Pitfalls of the eu’s carbon border adjustment mechanism. Energies, 14(21), 7303.
  • Long, I., Inclan, C., Conway, D., Mikolajczyk, S., Voyvoda, E., Yeldan, E., Aşıcı, A. A., & Mert, E. (2023). Potential Impact of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on the Turkish Economy. E. B. f. R. a. Development & U. a. C. C. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Enviorment.
  • Marcu, A., Mehling, M., & Cosbey, A. (2020). Border carbon adjustments in the EU: Issues and options. ERCST, Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition.
  • Mehling, M. A., & Ritz, R. A. (2020). Going beyond default intensities in an EU carbon border adjustment mechanism.
  • OECD. (2024). Data Warehouse https://doi.org/doi:https://doi.org/10.1787/data-00900-en
  • Overland, I., & Sabyrbekov, R. (2022). Know your opponent: Which countries might fight the European carbon border adjustment mechanism? Energy policy, 169, 113175.
  • Şahin, Ü., Tör, O. B., Kat, B., Teimourzadeh, S., Demirkol, K., Künar, A., Voyvoda, E., & Yeldan, E. (2021). Türkiye’nin karbonsuzlaşma yol haritası: 2050’de net sıfır. Istanbul Policy Center, 20211.103.19115588.
  • Simões, H. M. (2023). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. European Parliamentary Research Service Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2023/754626/EPRS_ ATA(2023)754626_EN.pdf
  • Simola, H. (2021). CBAM!-Assessing potential costs of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism for emerging economies.
  • Sotoodeh, K. (2022). Case studies of material corrosion prevention for oil and gas valves. Gulf Professional Publishing.
  • T.C. Çevre, Ş. v. İ. D. B. (2023). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Güncellenmiş Birinci Ulusal Katkı Beyanı. Ankara Retrieved from https://www.iklim.gov.tr/db/turkce/haberler/files/T%C3%BCrkiye%20Cumhuriyeti%20G%C3%BCncellenmi%C5%9F%20Birinci%20Ulusal%20Katk%C4%B1%20Beyan%C4%B1.pdf
  • Telli, Ç., Voyvoda, E., & Yeldan, E. (2008). Economics of environmental policy in Turkey: A general equilibrium investigation of the economic evaluation of sectoral emission reduction policies for climate change. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(2), 321-340.
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı, T. C. (2024). AB Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizması. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ticaret Bakanlığı. Retrieved 22.03.2024 from https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/yesil-mutabakat/ab-sinirdakarbon-duzenleme-mekanizmasi
  • Trading Economics. (2024). EU Carbon Permits https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/carbon
  • TÜİK. (2023). Turkish Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2021 National Inventory Report for Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol 1990–2019. https://unfccc.int/documents/627786
  • United Nations. (2024). UN Comtrade Plus https://comtradeplus.un.org/
  • World Bank. (2024). Carbon Pricing Watch https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/compliance/price
  • World Resources Institute. (2024). Climate Watch. Retrieved 5 Nisan 2024 from https://www.climatewatchdata.org
  • Yeldan, A. E., & Voyvoda, E. (2015). Low Carbon Development Pathways and Priorities for Turkey. WWF, IPC.
  • Yeldan, A. E., Aşıcı, A. A., & Acar, S. (2020). Ekonomi Göstergeleri Merceğinden Yeni İklim Rejimi New Climate Regime through the Lens of Economic Indicators]. TÜSİAD.
  • Zhong, J., & Pei, J. (2022). Beggar thy neighbor? On the competitiveness and welfare impacts of the EU’s proposed carbon border adjustment mechanism. Energy policy, 162, 112802.

Year 2025, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 360 - 380, 18.08.2025

Ceran Zeynep Zafir Bahçekapılı

https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1570321

Abstract

References

  • Acar, S., Aşıcı, A. A., & Yeldan, A. E. (2022). Potential effects of the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism on the Turkish economy. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(6), 8162-8194.
  • Aşıcı, A. A. (2021). Avrupa Birliği’nin Sınırda Karbon Uyarlaması Mekanizması ve Türkiye Ekonomisi. İstanbul: IPM-Mercator.
  • Aşıcı, A. A. (2022). Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizması İşleyişi ve Riskli Ürün Analizi. Yeşil_İz Teknik Not.
  • Aydın, L. (2018). The possible macroeconomic and sectoral impacts of carbon taxation on Turkey’s economy: A computable general equilibrium analyses. Energy & environment, 29(5), 784-801.
  • Bellora, C., & Fontagné, L. (2022). EU in search of a WTO-compatible carbon border adjustment mechanism. Available at SSRN 4168049.
  • Brand, C., Coenen, G., Hutchinson, J., & Saint Guilhem, A. (2023). How will higher carbon prices affect growth and inflation. The ECB Blog. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2023/html/ecb.blog.230525~4a51965f26.en.html
  • Breckenfelder, J., Maćkowiak, B., Marques-Ibanez, D., Olovsson, C., Popov, A. A., Porcellacchia, D., & Schepens, G. (2023). The climate and the economy.
  • Carbone, J. C., & Smith, V. K. (2013). Valuing nature in a general equilibrium. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66(1), 72-89.
  • Chatfield, C. (1996). Model uncertainty and forecast accuracy. Journal of Forecasting, 15(7), 495-508.
  • Durant, I., Contreras, C., Hamwey, R., Mott, G., Nicita, A., Peters, R., Razo, C., Vivas, D., Chepeliev, M., & Corong, E. (2021). A European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Implications for developing countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
  • Eicke, L., Weko, S., Apergi, M., & Marian, A. (2021). Pulling up the carbon ladder? Decarbonization, dependence, and third-country risks from the European carbon border adjustment mechanism. Energy Research & Social Science, 80, 102240.
  • European Commission. (2016). The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Retrieved 25.03 from https://climate.ec.europa.eu/document/download/5dee0b48-a38f-4d10-bf1a-14d0c1d6febd_en?filename=factsheet_ets_en.pdf
  • European Commission. (2021). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Questions and Answers. Retrieved 22.03.2024 from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_21_3661
  • European Commission. (2023a). Default values for the transitional period: Taxation and Customs Union. Retrieved from https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-12/Default%20values%20transitional%20period.pdf
  • European Commission. (2023b). Regulation (EU) 2023/1773 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on [title of the regulation]. EUR-Lex. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R1773
  • European Commission. (2023c). Guidance Document On CBAM Implementation for Importers of Goods Into the EU. https://taxationcustoms.ec.europa.eu/document/download/bc15e68d-566d-4419-88ecb8f5c6823eb2_en?filename=Guidance%20document%20on%20CBAM%20implementation%20 for%20importers%20of%20goods%20into%20the%20EU.pdf
  • European Parliament. (2021, 10.03.2021). MEPs: Put a carbon price on certain EU imports to raise global climate ambition https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/pressroom/20210304IPR99208/meps-put-acarbon-price-on-certain-eu-imports-to-raise-global-climate-ambition
  • Fetting, C. (2020). The European green deal. ESDN report, 53.
  • Global Carbon Atlas. (2024). Carbon Emissions. Retrieved 3 Nisan 2024 from https://globalcarbonatlas.org/emissions/carbon-emissions/
  • Granger, C. W. J., & Newbold, P. (2014). Forecasting economic time series. Academic press.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (2020). Time series analysis. Princeton university press.
  • Koç, B. E., & Kaynak, S. (2023). Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizmasının Türkiye-AB-27 Dış Ticaret İlişkisi Üzerine Olası Etkisi. Verimlilik Dergisi, 57(2), 273-288.
  • Konradt, M., McGregor, T., & Toscani, M. F. G. (2024). Carbon prices and inflation in the euro area. International Monetary Fund.
  • Kuusi, T., Björklund, M., Kaitila, V., Kokko, K., Lehmus, M., Mechling, M., Oikarinen, T., Pohjola, J., Soimakallio, S., & Wang, M. (2020). Carbon border adjustment mechanisms and their economic impact on Finland and the EU.
  • Lim, B., Hong, K., Yoon, J., Chang, J.-I., & Cheong, I. (2021). Pitfalls of the eu’s carbon border adjustment mechanism. Energies, 14(21), 7303.
  • Long, I., Inclan, C., Conway, D., Mikolajczyk, S., Voyvoda, E., Yeldan, E., Aşıcı, A. A., & Mert, E. (2023). Potential Impact of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on the Turkish Economy. E. B. f. R. a. Development & U. a. C. C. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Enviorment.
  • Marcu, A., Mehling, M., & Cosbey, A. (2020). Border carbon adjustments in the EU: Issues and options. ERCST, Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition.
  • Mehling, M. A., & Ritz, R. A. (2020). Going beyond default intensities in an EU carbon border adjustment mechanism.
  • OECD. (2024). Data Warehouse https://doi.org/doi:https://doi.org/10.1787/data-00900-en
  • Overland, I., & Sabyrbekov, R. (2022). Know your opponent: Which countries might fight the European carbon border adjustment mechanism? Energy policy, 169, 113175.
  • Şahin, Ü., Tör, O. B., Kat, B., Teimourzadeh, S., Demirkol, K., Künar, A., Voyvoda, E., & Yeldan, E. (2021). Türkiye’nin karbonsuzlaşma yol haritası: 2050’de net sıfır. Istanbul Policy Center, 20211.103.19115588.
  • Simões, H. M. (2023). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. European Parliamentary Research Service Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2023/754626/EPRS_ ATA(2023)754626_EN.pdf
  • Simola, H. (2021). CBAM!-Assessing potential costs of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism for emerging economies.
  • Sotoodeh, K. (2022). Case studies of material corrosion prevention for oil and gas valves. Gulf Professional Publishing.
  • T.C. Çevre, Ş. v. İ. D. B. (2023). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Güncellenmiş Birinci Ulusal Katkı Beyanı. Ankara Retrieved from https://www.iklim.gov.tr/db/turkce/haberler/files/T%C3%BCrkiye%20Cumhuriyeti%20G%C3%BCncellenmi%C5%9F%20Birinci%20Ulusal%20Katk%C4%B1%20Beyan%C4%B1.pdf
  • Telli, Ç., Voyvoda, E., & Yeldan, E. (2008). Economics of environmental policy in Turkey: A general equilibrium investigation of the economic evaluation of sectoral emission reduction policies for climate change. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(2), 321-340.
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı, T. C. (2024). AB Sınırda Karbon Düzenleme Mekanizması. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ticaret Bakanlığı. Retrieved 22.03.2024 from https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/yesil-mutabakat/ab-sinirdakarbon-duzenleme-mekanizmasi
  • Trading Economics. (2024). EU Carbon Permits https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/carbon
  • TÜİK. (2023). Turkish Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2021 National Inventory Report for Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol 1990–2019. https://unfccc.int/documents/627786
  • United Nations. (2024). UN Comtrade Plus https://comtradeplus.un.org/
  • World Bank. (2024). Carbon Pricing Watch https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/compliance/price
  • World Resources Institute. (2024). Climate Watch. Retrieved 5 Nisan 2024 from https://www.climatewatchdata.org
  • Yeldan, A. E., & Voyvoda, E. (2015). Low Carbon Development Pathways and Priorities for Turkey. WWF, IPC.
  • Yeldan, A. E., Aşıcı, A. A., & Acar, S. (2020). Ekonomi Göstergeleri Merceğinden Yeni İklim Rejimi New Climate Regime through the Lens of Economic Indicators]. TÜSİAD.
  • Zhong, J., & Pei, J. (2022). Beggar thy neighbor? On the competitiveness and welfare impacts of the EU’s proposed carbon border adjustment mechanism. Energy policy, 162, 112802.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Economy, International Economics (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ceran Zeynep Zafir Bahçekapılı 0000-0003-0699-4459

Publication Date August 18, 2025
Submission Date October 19, 2024
Acceptance Date May 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 47 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Zafir Bahçekapılı, C. Z. (2025). AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 47(2), 360-380. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1570321
AMA Zafir Bahçekapılı CZ. AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. August 2025;47(2):360-380. doi:10.14780/muiibd.1570321
Chicago Zafir Bahçekapılı, Ceran Zeynep. “AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 47, no. 2 (August 2025): 360-80. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1570321.
EndNote Zafir Bahçekapılı CZ (August 1, 2025) AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 47 2 360–380.
IEEE C. Z. Zafir Bahçekapılı, “AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 360–380, 2025, doi: 10.14780/muiibd.1570321.
ISNAD Zafir Bahçekapılı, Ceran Zeynep. “AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 47/2 (August 2025), 360-380. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1570321.
JAMA Zafir Bahçekapılı CZ. AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;47:360–380.
MLA Zafir Bahçekapılı, Ceran Zeynep. “AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 47, no. 2, 2025, pp. 360-8, doi:10.14780/muiibd.1570321.
Vancouver Zafir Bahçekapılı CZ. AB SINIRDA KARBON DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMASININ TÜRKİYE’NİN KARBON EMİSYONU YÜKSEK SEKTÖRLERİNDEKİ POTANSİYEL MALİYETLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;47(2):360-8.

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