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Beyazlık ve Göç

Year 2017, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 71 - 98, 01.07.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Batılılar’ın göçmen oldukları durumları sorunsallaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Uluslararası göçün konvansiyonel çerçevelenme tarzları, göç alan Batılı ülkelerin siyasalarıyla ilişkilidir ve büyük ölçüde küresel Güney/Doğu’dan küresel Kuzey/Batı’ya doğru olan göç istikametine odaklanır. Göçün bu sorunsallaştırılma tarzları, dolayısıyla, ulusal egemenliğe dayalı ilgilere, kapitalizmin ihtiyaç duyduğu emek rejimlerinin gereklerine ve bunları besleyen milliyetçiliğin egemen söylem ve gündelik anlatılarına gömülüdür. Batılılar’ın göçü söz konusu olduğunda bu konvansiyonel çerçeveler işlemez ve bu da, göç araştırmalarında, belirli bir metodolojik etnisitenin ideolojik etkisinin ne derece güçlü olduğunu gösterir. Ekonomik ve politik olarak güçlü ulus-devletlerin mensuplarının göç ve göç sonrası pratikleri, göçü, bu ulusal çerçevelerden mesafelenerek, küresel eşitsizliklerin ve güç asimetrilerinin gerçekliğine yerleştirme gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarır. Beyazlar’ın göçü, göçün kesiştiği eşitsizlik eksenlerine, ırksallaştırma süreçlerinin ve imtiyazın dahil edilmesini gerektirir. Beyaz ırksal projede görünmezleştirilen ‘ırk’ın, Beyazlığın sorunsallaştırılması üzerinden göç araştırmalarına dahil edilmesi küresel iktidar ilişkilerinin anlaşılması açısından önemli sonuçlar doğurur. Bu makale, göçü, bir sermaye ve kaynak olan Beyazlık üzerinden yeniden düşünerek, Beyaz göçünün, göç çalışmalarına hem kuramsal hem metodolojik olarak ne tür bir katkı sunabileceğini irdelemektedir. Bu çalışma, böylece, Batı-dışı coğrafyalara Batılı göçünü ve bu göçmenlerin bulunuş tarzlarını, çeşitli vaka çalışmaları bağlamında inceleyerek, kolonyal sürekliliklerin, Beyazlık imtiyazının ve ırksal oluşumların, tarihin bu anında göç vasıtasıyla nasıl ve hangi biçimlerde dolaşımda olduğunu tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Benson M C (2011). The British in Rural France: Lifestyle Migration and the Ongoing Quest for a Better Way of Life. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Benson M C (2013). Postcoloniality and Privilege in New Lifestyle Flows: the Case of North Americans in Panama. Mobilities, 8(3), 313-330.
  • Bonnet A (2008). Review Article: White Studies Revisited. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31(1), 185-196.
  • Casado-Díaz M A, Kaiser C ve Warnes A M (2004). Northern European Retired Residents in Nine Southern European Areas: Characteristics, Motivations and Adjustment. Ageing & Society, 24(3), 353-381.
  • Castles S (2007). Twenty-First-Century Migration as a Challenge to Sociology. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(3), 351-371.
  • Croucher S (2010). Other Side of the Fence: American Migrants in Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Croucher S (2012). Privileged Mobility in an Age of Globality. Societies, 2, 1–13.
  • Ertuğrul G (2013). Sahihlik Arayışında Türkiye’ye Göç: Muğla-Gökova Yöresine Yerleşen Britanyalılar. Eğitim Bilim Toplum, 11(43), 79-86.
  • Ertuğrul G (2016). British Migrants in the Turkish Countryside: Lifestyle Migration, Loss of Social Status and Finding ‘True Life’ in Difference. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 43(2), 475- 496.
  • Fechter A M ve Walsh K (2010). Examining ‘Expatriate’ Continuities: Postcolonial Approaches to Mobile Professionals. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8), 1197-1210.
  • Gilroy P (2004). After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture?. London: Routledge.
  • Glick Schiller N (2010). A Global Perspective on Transnational Migration: Theorising Migration Without Methodological Nationalism. İçinde: R Bauböck ve T Faist (der), Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 109-129.
  • Gustafson P (2008). Transnationalism in Retirement Migration: The Case of Northern European Retirees in Spain. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(4), 451-75.
  • Hall S (2000). Conclusion: The Multi-cultural Question. İçinde: B Hesse (der), Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, ‘Transruptions’, London: Zed Books, 209- 241.
  • Hayes M (2014). ‘It Is Hard Being The Different One All the Time’: Gringos And Racialized Identity in Lifestyle Migration to Ecuador. Ethnic and Racial Studies, DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2014.943778.
  • Hayes M (2015). Introduction: The Emerging Lifestyle Migration Industry and Geographies of Transnationalism, Mobility and Displacement in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Geography, 14(1), 7-18.
  • Huber A ve O’Reilly K (2004). The Construction of Heimat under Conditions of Individualised Modernity: Swiss and British Elderly Migrants in Spain. Ageing & Society, 24(03), 327-351.
  • Huete R, Mantecon A ve Estevez J (2013). Challenges in Lifestyle Migration Research: Reflections and Findings about the Spanish Crisis. Mobilities, 8(3), 331-348.
  • Jacobs J (2010). Sex, Tourism and the Postcolonial Encounter: Landscapes of Longing in Egypt. Surrey: Ashgate.
  • King R Warnes T ve Williams A (2000). Sunset Lives: British Retirement Migration to the Mediterranean. Berg: Oxford.
  • Korpela M (2009). When a Trip to Adulthood becomes a Lifestyle: Western Lifestyle Migrants in Varanasi, India. İçinde: K O’Reilly ve M Benson (der), Lifestyle Migration: Expectations, Aspirations and Experiences, Ashgate: Farnham, 15-50.
  • Kunz S (2016). Privileged Mobilities: Locating the Expatriate in Migration Scholarship. Geography Compass, 10(3), 89-101.
  • Leonard P (2010). Expatriate Identities in Postcolonial Organizations: Working Whiteness. Ashgate: Farnham.
  • Lundström C (2014). White Migrations: Gender, Whiteness and Privilege in Transnatonal Migration, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Nudrali Ö ve O’Reilly K (2009). “Taking the Risk”: The British in Didim, Turkey. İçinde: K O’Reilly ve M Benson (der), Lifestyle Migration: Expectations, Aspirations and Experiences, Ashgate: Farnham, 137-152.
  • Oliver C ve O’Reilly K (2010). A Bourdieusian Analysis of Class and Migration: Habitus and the Individualizing Process. Sociology, 44(1), 49-66.
  • O’Reilly K (2000). The British on the Costa del Sol: Transnational Identities and Local Communities. Routledge, London.
  • O’ Reilly K (2003). When is a Tourist? The Articulation of Tourism and Migration in Spain’s Costa del Sol. Tourist Studies, 3(3), 301-317.
  • O’Reilly K ve Benson M (der). (2009). Lifestyle Migration: Expectations, Aspirations and Experiences. Ashgate: Farnham.
  • Özbek Ç (2008). Uluslararası Göçler Bağlamında Yurttaşlık ve Kimliğin Değişen Anlamı (Marmaris Örneği). Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Muğla.
  • Özbek Ç ve Engindeniz Şahan İ (2016). Yabancı Yerleşimcilerin Toplumsal Aidiyetlerinin Yerelde Kurulma Pratikleri: The Post Gazetesi Örneği. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 38, 159-182.
  • Rasmussen B B, Klinenberg E, Nexica I J ve Wray M (2001). Introduction. İçinde: B B Rasmussen, E Klinenberg, I J Nexica ve M Wray (der), The Making and Unmaking of Whiteness. Durham: Duke University Press, 1-24.
  • Rogaly B ve Taylor B (2010). They Called Them Communists Then … What D’You Call ‘Em Now? … Insurgents?’. Narratives of British Military Expatriates in the Context of the New Imperialism. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8), 1335-1351.
  • Root D (1992). Misadventures in the Desert: The Sheltering Sky as Colonialist Nightmare. Inscriptions, 6. http://culturalstudies.ucsc.edu/PUBS/Inscriptions/vol_6/Root.html. Son Erişim Tarihi, 05.04.2015.
  • Said E (1989). Oryantalizm. Çev. S Ayaz, İstanbul: Pınar.
  • Said E (2006). Kış Ruhu. Çev. T Birkan, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Metis.
  • Schönfeldt-Aultman S M (2013). Racial appropriation in white expatriate South African discourses: Reading race on social club websites. Communicatio, 39(1), 53-66.
  • Ünlü B (2014). Türklük Sözleşmesi’nin İmzalanışı (1915-1925). Mülkiye Dergisi, 38(3), 47-81.
  • Truly D (2002). International Retirement Migration and Tourism Along Lake Chapala Riviera: Developing A Matrix of Retirement Migration Behaviour. Tourism Geographies, 4(3), 261-281.
  • Twine F W ve Gardener B (2013). Introduction. İçinde: F W Twine ve B Gardener (der), Geographies of Privilege, New York: Routledge, 1-16.
  • Williams M A ve Hall M C (2000). Tourism and Migration: New Relationships between Production and Consumption. Tourism Geographies, 2(1), 5-27.
  • Winant H (2001). White Racial Projects. İçinde: B B Rasmussen, E Klinenberg, I J Nexica ve M Wray (der), The Making and Unmaking of Whiteness, Durham: Duke University Press, 97-112.
Year 2017, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 71 - 98, 01.07.2017

Abstract

References

  • Benson M C (2011). The British in Rural France: Lifestyle Migration and the Ongoing Quest for a Better Way of Life. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Benson M C (2013). Postcoloniality and Privilege in New Lifestyle Flows: the Case of North Americans in Panama. Mobilities, 8(3), 313-330.
  • Bonnet A (2008). Review Article: White Studies Revisited. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31(1), 185-196.
  • Casado-Díaz M A, Kaiser C ve Warnes A M (2004). Northern European Retired Residents in Nine Southern European Areas: Characteristics, Motivations and Adjustment. Ageing & Society, 24(3), 353-381.
  • Castles S (2007). Twenty-First-Century Migration as a Challenge to Sociology. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(3), 351-371.
  • Croucher S (2010). Other Side of the Fence: American Migrants in Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Croucher S (2012). Privileged Mobility in an Age of Globality. Societies, 2, 1–13.
  • Ertuğrul G (2013). Sahihlik Arayışında Türkiye’ye Göç: Muğla-Gökova Yöresine Yerleşen Britanyalılar. Eğitim Bilim Toplum, 11(43), 79-86.
  • Ertuğrul G (2016). British Migrants in the Turkish Countryside: Lifestyle Migration, Loss of Social Status and Finding ‘True Life’ in Difference. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 43(2), 475- 496.
  • Fechter A M ve Walsh K (2010). Examining ‘Expatriate’ Continuities: Postcolonial Approaches to Mobile Professionals. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8), 1197-1210.
  • Gilroy P (2004). After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture?. London: Routledge.
  • Glick Schiller N (2010). A Global Perspective on Transnational Migration: Theorising Migration Without Methodological Nationalism. İçinde: R Bauböck ve T Faist (der), Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 109-129.
  • Gustafson P (2008). Transnationalism in Retirement Migration: The Case of Northern European Retirees in Spain. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(4), 451-75.
  • Hall S (2000). Conclusion: The Multi-cultural Question. İçinde: B Hesse (der), Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, ‘Transruptions’, London: Zed Books, 209- 241.
  • Hayes M (2014). ‘It Is Hard Being The Different One All the Time’: Gringos And Racialized Identity in Lifestyle Migration to Ecuador. Ethnic and Racial Studies, DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2014.943778.
  • Hayes M (2015). Introduction: The Emerging Lifestyle Migration Industry and Geographies of Transnationalism, Mobility and Displacement in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Geography, 14(1), 7-18.
  • Huber A ve O’Reilly K (2004). The Construction of Heimat under Conditions of Individualised Modernity: Swiss and British Elderly Migrants in Spain. Ageing & Society, 24(03), 327-351.
  • Huete R, Mantecon A ve Estevez J (2013). Challenges in Lifestyle Migration Research: Reflections and Findings about the Spanish Crisis. Mobilities, 8(3), 331-348.
  • Jacobs J (2010). Sex, Tourism and the Postcolonial Encounter: Landscapes of Longing in Egypt. Surrey: Ashgate.
  • King R Warnes T ve Williams A (2000). Sunset Lives: British Retirement Migration to the Mediterranean. Berg: Oxford.
  • Korpela M (2009). When a Trip to Adulthood becomes a Lifestyle: Western Lifestyle Migrants in Varanasi, India. İçinde: K O’Reilly ve M Benson (der), Lifestyle Migration: Expectations, Aspirations and Experiences, Ashgate: Farnham, 15-50.
  • Kunz S (2016). Privileged Mobilities: Locating the Expatriate in Migration Scholarship. Geography Compass, 10(3), 89-101.
  • Leonard P (2010). Expatriate Identities in Postcolonial Organizations: Working Whiteness. Ashgate: Farnham.
  • Lundström C (2014). White Migrations: Gender, Whiteness and Privilege in Transnatonal Migration, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Nudrali Ö ve O’Reilly K (2009). “Taking the Risk”: The British in Didim, Turkey. İçinde: K O’Reilly ve M Benson (der), Lifestyle Migration: Expectations, Aspirations and Experiences, Ashgate: Farnham, 137-152.
  • Oliver C ve O’Reilly K (2010). A Bourdieusian Analysis of Class and Migration: Habitus and the Individualizing Process. Sociology, 44(1), 49-66.
  • O’Reilly K (2000). The British on the Costa del Sol: Transnational Identities and Local Communities. Routledge, London.
  • O’ Reilly K (2003). When is a Tourist? The Articulation of Tourism and Migration in Spain’s Costa del Sol. Tourist Studies, 3(3), 301-317.
  • O’Reilly K ve Benson M (der). (2009). Lifestyle Migration: Expectations, Aspirations and Experiences. Ashgate: Farnham.
  • Özbek Ç (2008). Uluslararası Göçler Bağlamında Yurttaşlık ve Kimliğin Değişen Anlamı (Marmaris Örneği). Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Muğla.
  • Özbek Ç ve Engindeniz Şahan İ (2016). Yabancı Yerleşimcilerin Toplumsal Aidiyetlerinin Yerelde Kurulma Pratikleri: The Post Gazetesi Örneği. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 38, 159-182.
  • Rasmussen B B, Klinenberg E, Nexica I J ve Wray M (2001). Introduction. İçinde: B B Rasmussen, E Klinenberg, I J Nexica ve M Wray (der), The Making and Unmaking of Whiteness. Durham: Duke University Press, 1-24.
  • Rogaly B ve Taylor B (2010). They Called Them Communists Then … What D’You Call ‘Em Now? … Insurgents?’. Narratives of British Military Expatriates in the Context of the New Imperialism. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8), 1335-1351.
  • Root D (1992). Misadventures in the Desert: The Sheltering Sky as Colonialist Nightmare. Inscriptions, 6. http://culturalstudies.ucsc.edu/PUBS/Inscriptions/vol_6/Root.html. Son Erişim Tarihi, 05.04.2015.
  • Said E (1989). Oryantalizm. Çev. S Ayaz, İstanbul: Pınar.
  • Said E (2006). Kış Ruhu. Çev. T Birkan, 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Metis.
  • Schönfeldt-Aultman S M (2013). Racial appropriation in white expatriate South African discourses: Reading race on social club websites. Communicatio, 39(1), 53-66.
  • Ünlü B (2014). Türklük Sözleşmesi’nin İmzalanışı (1915-1925). Mülkiye Dergisi, 38(3), 47-81.
  • Truly D (2002). International Retirement Migration and Tourism Along Lake Chapala Riviera: Developing A Matrix of Retirement Migration Behaviour. Tourism Geographies, 4(3), 261-281.
  • Twine F W ve Gardener B (2013). Introduction. İçinde: F W Twine ve B Gardener (der), Geographies of Privilege, New York: Routledge, 1-16.
  • Williams M A ve Hall M C (2000). Tourism and Migration: New Relationships between Production and Consumption. Tourism Geographies, 2(1), 5-27.
  • Winant H (2001). White Racial Projects. İçinde: B B Rasmussen, E Klinenberg, I J Nexica ve M Wray (der), The Making and Unmaking of Whiteness, Durham: Duke University Press, 97-112.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles / Articles
Authors

Gökçen Ertuğrul This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 41 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ertuğrul, G. (2017). Beyazlık ve Göç. Mülkiye Dergisi, 41(2), 71-98.
AMA Ertuğrul G. Beyazlık ve Göç. Mülkiye Dergisi. July 2017;41(2):71-98.
Chicago Ertuğrul, Gökçen. “Beyazlık Ve Göç”. Mülkiye Dergisi 41, no. 2 (July 2017): 71-98.
EndNote Ertuğrul G (July 1, 2017) Beyazlık ve Göç. Mülkiye Dergisi 41 2 71–98.
IEEE G. Ertuğrul, “Beyazlık ve Göç”, Mülkiye Dergisi, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 71–98, 2017.
ISNAD Ertuğrul, Gökçen. “Beyazlık Ve Göç”. Mülkiye Dergisi 41/2 (July 2017), 71-98.
JAMA Ertuğrul G. Beyazlık ve Göç. Mülkiye Dergisi. 2017;41:71–98.
MLA Ertuğrul, Gökçen. “Beyazlık Ve Göç”. Mülkiye Dergisi, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 71-98.
Vancouver Ertuğrul G. Beyazlık ve Göç. Mülkiye Dergisi. 2017;41(2):71-98.
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